Global Crisis
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Navies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii)
Nayler, James (i), (ii), (iii)
Nazareth (i)
Nemyriv (i), (ii) n 61
Netherlands (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix) n 30, see also Dutch Republic
Nevada (i)
‘New Christians’ (i), (ii), (iii)
New England (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), Plate 19
New Haven (i)
‘New Learning’ (i)
New Mexico (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
New Model Army (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
New Netherland (i)
New Orleans (i), (ii)
New Spain (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), see also Mexico
New Zealand (i), (ii)
Newburn, battle of (i)
Newcastle (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) n 46
Newcastle, William Cavendish marquis of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) n 17, see also Lucas, Margaret
Newfoundland (i), (ii), (iii)
Newmarket (i), (ii)
Newry (i)
Newspapers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), Fig. 36, see also Gazettte de France, Peking Gazette
Newton, Sir Isaac (i), (ii), Fig. 55
Nicandro (i)
Nicholas, Sir Edward (i)
Nicolas, Jean (i)
Nicole, Pierre, (i) n 54
Nieuhof, Johannes (i), (ii), (iii)
Niger, river (i), (ii), (iii), Fig. 45
Nijmegen, Peace of (i), (ii)
‘The Nineteen Propositions’ (i)
Nikkō (i)
Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow (i), (ii), (iii)
Nile, river (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Niyāzī-i Mīsri (i), (ii)
Nobles, see Aristocracy
Nocera, Francisco Maria Caraffa, duke of (i)
Nördlingen, battle of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Normandy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
North, Sir Dudley (i)
North Cape (i), (ii)
North Sea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Northumberland (i)
Northumberland, Algernon Percy, earl of (i)
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Nu-Pieds revolt (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Nuns (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) n 60, see also Convents
Nuremberg (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Nurhaci, Manchu leader (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii) n 53
Ob, river (i)
Oda Nobunaga (i)
O'Dea, Raymond (i)
Ogilvie, Sheilagh (i), (ii)
Ohio (i)
Ohlmeyer, Jane (i)
Okayama (i)
Okhotsk (i)
Okinawa (i)
Oland (i)
Old Believers, see Orthodox, Christians
Old Testament, see Bible
van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan (i), (ii)
Oldenburg, Henry (i), Fig. 54
Olearius, Adam (i), (ii), (iii)
Olinda (i)
Olivares, Don Gaspar de Guzmán, count-duke of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
O'Mahony, Conor (i), (ii)
Oñate, Iñigo Vélez de Guevara, VII count of (i)
Oñate, Iñigo Vélez de Guevara y Tassis, VII count of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
O'Neill, Sir Phelim (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Ontario, lake (i)
Opitz, Martin (i), (ii), (iii)
Opium (i), (ii) n 33
Orkney islands (i)
Orléans, Gaston, duke of (i), (ii)
Ormond, James Butler, marquis of (i)
Orthodox Christianity (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv) n 5, (xvi) n 90
Osaka (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Osborne, Dorothy (i)
Osman II, Ottoman Sultan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) nn 16, (vi), (vii) n 62
Osnabrück (i), see also Westphalia
Otranto (i)
Ottobeuren (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Ottoman Empire (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), Figs 7, 20, 21, 22
Oudot, Nicholas (i)
Overijssel (i)
Overpopulation (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
Ovington, John (i), (ii)
Oxenstierna, Axel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Oxenstierna, Gabriel (i)
Oxford University (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)
Özel, Oktay (i)
Pacific Ocean (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Padilla, Don Carlos de (i)
Padua (i), (ii)
Palafox y Mendoza, Juan de (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) n 107
Palakka, Arung, sultan of Makassar (i)
Palatinate (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), see also Frederick V
Palermo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)
Palestine (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Pamphlets and printed propaganda (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), Figs 23, 32, 33, 36, 37, see also Newspapers, Printing
Papal States (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), Fig. 50
Papel sellado (stamp duty) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), Plate 11
Paradise Lost (verse epic) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Paraná, river (i)
Parets, Miquel (i)
Paris (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi)
Parival, Jean-Nicolas de (i),
Parlements of France (i), (ii)
Parliament, English (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), Plate 15, Fig. 35
Parliament, Irish (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Parliament, Naples (i), (ii), (iii)
Parliament, Scottish (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Parliament, United Kingdom (i)
Pascal, Blaise (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Patagonia (i), (ii)
Patin, Charles (i)
Paul, Vincent de (i)
Paulette (French tax) (i), (ii), (iii)
Pavia (i)
Paz
, Don Luis de (i)
Peace-making (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii) n 50
Peace of Westphalia, see Westphalia
Peking Gazette (i), (ii)
Pellicer y Tovar, José de (i)
La Pelosa, Antonino (i), (ii)
Pembroke Castle (i)
Peñaranda, Gaspar de Bracamonte, count of (i), (ii)
Penn, William (i)
Peony Pavilion (play) (i)
Pepys, Elizabeth (i), (ii)
Pepys, Samuel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Pequots (i), (ii), Plate 19
Pereiaslav, Union of (i), (ii) n 50
Périgord (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Pernambuco (i), (ii), (iii)
Perpignan (Perpinyà) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Perrot, Nicholas (i)
Persia, see Iran
Persian Gulf (i), (ii)
Peru (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Peter, Hugh (i), (ii), (iii)
Peter, king of Aragon (i)
Petit, Pierre (i)
Petition of Right (i), (ii)
Petri, Francesco de (i)
Petty, Sir William (i), (ii)
Philip, King (Metacom), Sachem of the Wampanoags (i), (ii)
Philip III, king of Spain (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Philip IV, king of Spain (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), (lviii), (lix), (lx), (lxi), (lxii), (lxiii), (lxiv), (lxv), (lxvi), (lxvii), (lxviii), (lxix), (lxx), (lxxi), (lxxii), (lxxiii), (lxxiv), (lxxv), (lxxvi), (lxxvii), (lxxviii) n 61, Plate 12
Philiphaugh, battle of (i)
Philippines (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii) n 22, Fig. 40
Piantanida, Giuseppe (i), (ii), (iii)
Pindar (i)
Pinerolo (i)
Pinsk (i)
Pisa (i)
Plague, Bubonic (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv) n 24, 26, Figs 11, 12, 53, see also Disease
Plays, see Theatre
Pleschcheev, Levontii (i)
Plot, Robert (i)
Plumb, Sir John H. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Plymouth (i), (ii)
Podor (i)
Poets, poetry (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
Poland xxi, xxii, xxiv, xxvii (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii)
Polianovka, ‘Eternal Peace’ of (i), (ii), (iii)
Polidori, John (i)
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), Fig. 19
Polonne (i)
Pomerania (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Pomeranz, Kenneth (i)
Ponthébert, baron of (i), (ii), (iii)
Poole, Elizabeth (i)
Poor Law (England) (i), (ii), (iii)
Population, see Abortion, Births, Deaths, Illegitimate, Infanticide, Marriage, Overpopulation, Suicide
Port-Royal-des-Champs (convent) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Portsmouth (i), (ii)
Portugal (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), Fig. 25
Poverty (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
Prague (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), Plate 12, Fig. 25
Prayer Book (English), see Book of Common Prayer
Prayer Book (Scottish) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) n 17, (ix) n 78, (x) n 6, Plate 14
Preis, Caspar (i), (ii)
Printing (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), Figs 23, 32, 33, 36, 37, 47, see also Newspapers, Pamphlets
Prophet Mohammed (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), see also Islam
Prophets and Messiahs, early modern (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv) n 48, (xv) nn 70, 73
Prostitution (i), (ii), (iii)
Protestants (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li) n 50
Protestation, The (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Provence (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Providence, Providentialism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Providence Colony (i)
Prynne, William (i), (ii)
‘Public Sphere’ (i), (ii), (iii) nn 41, 60
Pueblo Indians (i)
Punjab (i)
Pusan (i)
Putney Debates (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Pym, John (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Pyrenees, Peace of the (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Qandahar (i), (ii)
Qi Biaojia (i)
Qian Xing (i),
Qin Huitian (i)
Qing (Manchu) dynasty (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), (lviii), (lix), (lx), (lxi), (lxii), (lxiii), (lxiv), (lxv), (lxvi), (lxvii), (lxviii), (lxix), (lxx), (lxxi), (lxxii), (lxxiii), (lxxiv), (lxxv), (lxxvi), (lxxvii), (lxxviii), (lxxix) n 17, (lxxx) n 60
Quarantine (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Québec (i)
Quevedo y Villegas, Don Francisco de (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) n 32
Qummi (i)
Rabb, Theodore K. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) n 48
Racine, Jean-Baptiste (i)
Radziwill, Albrycht Stanisław (i)
Rainborough, Thomas (i)
Ranum, Orest (i)
Rape (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
, (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx) n 14, (xxi) n 102, (xxii) n 67, Plate 2
Ray, John (i), (ii)
Razin, Stepan (Stenka) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Rebellions, see Revolts
Recife (i)
Red (as revolutionary colour) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) n 62
Red Sea (i), (ii), (iii)
Reff, Daniel T. (i)
Regalian Rights (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), see also Media Anata, Papel sellado, Salt tax, ‘Ship Money’
Regensburg (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Regicide (English) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Regicides (Ottoman) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Renaudot, Théophraste (i)
Renner, Johann Georg (i)
Republicanism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi)
Resistance, practice and theory (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Restitution, Edict of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) n 106
Retz, Jean François Paul de Gondi, cardinal de (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Revere, Paul (i), (ii)
Revocation, Act of (i), (ii), (iii) n 18
Revolts, popular (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) n 12, Figs 1, 25, 26, 28, 41, 48, 50
La Reynie, Nicholas (i)
Rhijne, Willem ten (i)
Rhine, river (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Rhode Island (i), (ii)
Rhodes (i), (ii)
Rhône, river (i)
Rice (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), Fig. 8
Richards, John (i), (ii)
Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal-duke of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv) n 5
Ribot Garcia, Louis A. (i), (ii)
Riches, David (i)
Richter, Daniel (i)
van Riebeeck, Jan (i)
Riez marshes (i)
Riga (i), (ii)
Rijswijk (i), (ii)
Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista (i), (ii), (iii)
Rio Grande (i)
Rioja (i)
Ripon, treaty of (i)
Roads (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix)
Robinson Crusoe (novel) (i)
Robisheaux, Thomas (i), (ii)