The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust
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Tarnopol (Eastern Galicia): acts of kindness in; the fate of Poles who hid Jews in
Tarnow (Poland): an act of rescue in; Germans in, help Jews; a factory in, gives protection to Jews
Taschdjian, Aram and Felicia: save a Jew
Tau, Tove: saves Jewish children
Taubenfeld, Alicja-Irena: rescued, with her cousin
Tel Aviv (Israel): a letter from, thanking rescuers
Telgte (Germany): a Jewish girl protected in
Temple, Shirley: an actress to be emulated; emulated
Tenenbaum, Mordechai: his archives guarded
Tennenbaum family: saved
Tennenbaum, Fanny and David: find refuge
Terboven, Josef: rules Norway
Teressa, Mrs: saves two Jews
Terlouw, Henny: a Dutch rescuer
Théas, Bishop Pierre-Marie: denounces deportations
Théis, Pastor Edouard: rescues Jews
Theresienstadt Ghetto: food and clothes smuggled into; parcels posted to; deportations to; Danish Jews in, protected
Third Reich: ‘shrinking’
Thomassen family: Dutch rescuers
Thônes (France): rescuers in
Thrace: Jews deported from
Thys, Dr: provides false documents
Tieze, Suse Lotte: recalls a Righteous act
Tikotin, Ilana (Ilana Drukker-Tikotin): in hiding in Holland
Tikotin, Steffi (Steffi Robertson): in hiding in Holland
Tilburg (Holland): rescue efforts in
Times, The (London): reports French opposition to deportations
Tirana (Albania): Jews saved in
Tiso, Father Jozef: orders deportations
Titsch, Raimund: an Austrian, helps Jews in Poland
‘Tivoli, Maria’: an assumed identity
Tluste (Eastern Galicia): rescuers betrayed near
Todorov, Tzvetan: reflects on rescue in Bulgaria
Toebbens Factory (Warsaw): Jews in
‘Tolek’: the story of his rescue
Tomka, Gustav: helps rescue Jewish slave labourers
Tomkiewicz family: shelter a Jewish boy
Tonelli, Dr Sandor: hides forty Jews, in Budapest
Toronto: a survivor emigrates to; rescuers honoured in
Toth, Helena: secures the release of seven Jews
Toulouse (France): an escape through
Tourinnes-St-Lambert (Belgium): two Jewish boys find sanctuary in
Trananricz (a Jew): liberated from prison
Transnistria: deportations to
Trashinski, Iosef: saved
Trawniki concentration camp (German-occupied Poland):; and an act of rescue
Treason or Honour (documentary film): and Jews in hiding
Treblinka death camp (German-occupied Poland): an escapee from, given refuge; rescuers perish in; deportations to; a ‘humanitarian’ act during the journey to; an escape on the way to; revolt at
Trembowla (Eastern Galicia): an escapee from, finds refuge
Trepman, Paul: recalls the ‘Angel of Majdanek’
Treptow, Ernst and Maria: rescuers, in Berlin
Trier (Rhineland): and a Righteous German
Trieste (Italy): escape from; escapees from, in hiding in Assisi
Trikkala (Greece): most Jews in, saved
Tripiccione, General: refuses a German appeal for help
Trocmé, Pastor André: rescues Jews; Photo
Trocmé, Magda: helps rescue Jews; ‘How could we refuse them?’
Troglia, Gimmy: takes refugees from Italy to Switzerland
‘Trojan Horses’: endanger rescuers
Trondheim (Norway): a church protest in; an escape from
Troostwijk, Jehoedah: reflects on his rescuers
Troostwijk, Menno: arrested and deported
Tunis: Italians protect Jews in
Turin (Italy): a Jewish mother and daughter from, given refuge; Jews from, find refuge in a remote valley
Turka (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish girl hidden in
Turkey: Jews helped to escape to
Turner, Ilana: and a Polish girl’s gift
Tursz, Dr Michael: saved by a ‘legendary’ rescuer
Tworek, Kazimierz and Janina: save a Jewish child
Tygodnik Powszecbny (newspaper): and a Polish ‘benefactor’
Tykocin (Poland): Poles murdered in, for sheltering Jews
Tyrol (Austria): and an act of rescue
Tyz, Grzegorz: helps Jews in hiding
Uccle (Belgium): Jews in hiding in
Udine (Italy): a safe haven in
Ufryjewicz, Father: helps save a Jewish family
Uhniv (eastern Poland): Jews given refuge in; and a monastic refuge
Ujvari, Sandor: helps Jews in Budapest
Ukrainian Catholic Church: an appeal to its head
Ukrainians: and collaboration, xix; ‘bestiality’ of, xix; acts of rescue by; hostility of; murders by; ‘humanitarian’ acts by; and a ‘decent Gentile’
Ulkumen, Selahattin: saves fifty-two Jews on the islands of Rhodes and Kos
Umschlagplatz (Warsaw): deportations from
‘Uncle Piet’: a rescuer
‘Uncle Stefan’: a rescuer
Ungvar (Hungarian-occupied Czechoslovakia): a rescuer from
United States: takes in Jewish refugees; ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition in; rescuers settle in; survivors emigrate to; a letter to; Jewish children sent to (1941); lectures about the Righteous in; a Dutch rescuer in, recalls her family’s rescue efforts; a rescuer dies in
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Washington DC): its photo archive
United States Office of Strategic Services: reports Norwegian efforts to help Jews
Unoccupied Zone (of France): see Free Zone
‘unsung heroes’: of the Holocaust
Ural mountains: an escape to
Urbanek, Zdenek: helps Jews
Uritskyi family: saved
Usach, Dr Juliette: in charge of a children’s home; with some of her Jewish youngsters, Photo
Utrecht (Holland): acts of rescue in; a son reunited with his father in
Vabulis, Yanis: saves a Jewish woman
Vacquiers (France): rescue in
Valence (France): an act of rescue at
Valent, Paul: in hiding in Budapest
‘Valik’: a less Jewish-sounding name
Valle Santa (Italy): refuge in
Valle Stura (Italy): refuge in
Vallingegno (Italy): Jews given refuge in
Van Ameringen, Tirzah: with her rescuer, Photo
Van Berlikom, Jet: saves Jewish babies
Van Binsbergen, Marion: a Dutch rescuer
Van Daan family: in hiding
Van den Berg, Albert: a Belgian rescuer
Van der Fort, Hannah: finds a hiding place for a Jewish boy
Van der Heijden family: Dutch rescuers, their tragic fate
Van der Putten, Gerrit: a policeman and a rescuer
Van der Stoel, Hetty and Martinus: rescue a baby boy
Van der Vaart, Dirk and Neels: Dutch rescuers
Van Dyk, Jan and Tinie: hide a Jewish girl
Van Eerd-Mutsaers, Adrianne and Annie: Dutch rescuers
Van Gestel, Adrianus: a rescuer, shot
Van Hessen, Edith (later Edith Velmans): goes into hiding
Van Live, Geertruida: saves Jewish babies
Van Lohuizen family: give sanctuary to two Jewish girls
‘Van Meerhaegen, Jeannine’: an assumed identity; Photo
Van Odyk, Pief: visits Jews in hiding
Van Oosten family: give refuge to a Jew, in Holland
Van Roey, Cardinal: intervenes
‘Van Tijn, Juliette’: an assumed identity
Van Tongeren, Jacoba: a Dutch rescuer
Vanger, Richard: his rescuer
Varena (Lithuania): a priest in, tries to comfort Jews
Varese (Italy): an act of rescue near
Varnavina, Valentina: saves a Jewish child
Vatican: distresses Reich Security main Office; shelters Jews; protests against deportations; rescue efforts of its representative in Budapest
Vatican Legation (Budapest): rescue efforts of
Vatican Radio: reports papal injunction favourable to Jews
Vavrusevich, Mikhail: helps Jews
Vavrusevich, Nikolai: hides a mother and daughter
Veesenmayer, SS General: a protest to, in Budapest
Veitch, Bronia: and a remarkable act of rescue; and a second act of rescue
Venice (Italy): an arrest in
Vénissieux (France): Jewish children rescued from
Venlo (Holland): a Jewish girl finds refuge in
Verduin, Grietje: her Righteous act
Verillac family: save a Jewish boy
Vermes, Gabor: in hiding
Verona (Italy): an arrest in
‘Verschoor, Corry’: an assumed identity
Vershovsky, Major Senitsa: tries to protect Jews
Vesili, Refik: helps hide eight Jews; reflects on the motive for rescue; with two of the children in hiding, Photo
Vichy France: Jews leave; Jews deported to; agrees to German deportation demands; dismisses a general who refuses to round up Jews; round-ups in; internment camps in; a supporter of, becomes a rescuer; Jews smuggled into; Italians oppose anti-Jewish measures of
Vidal, Juliette: helps Jewish children escape to Switzerland
Vienna: a Righteous diplomat in; a police sergeant from, helps Jews in Poland; a Jewish woman helped to travel to
Villa Emma (Nonantola, Italy): Jewish children find refuge in; Jewish children smuggled to Switzerland from
Villata family: give refuge to a Jewish family
Villefranche-de-Rouergue (France): a Jewish girl given shelter near
Vilna (Vilnius): its Lithuanian populace, xvii; rescue in
Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum (Vilnius): honours rescuers
Viollet, Father Marie-Jean: helps Jews escape
Virgin Mary: recalled, by a rescuer; her statue decorated
Vis, Laurens: helps hide Jews, in Holland
Vis, Rudi: and his father’s funeral
Vitale, Ada: recounts her family’s rescue
Vitkauskas, Arejas: a rescuer
Vitkauskiene, Julija: a rescuer
Vittel (France): Jewish internees at, receive help
Vlastaris, Dimitros: helps the Levis family
Vlora (Albania): Jews hidden in
vodka: policemen distracted by
Voice of Piotrkow Survivors, The: and a saga of rescue
Voiron (France): a betrayal at
Volhynia province (Poland): Jews saved in; a German rescuer in
Volksdeutsch: see Ethnic Germans
Volos (Greece): most Jews in, saved
Voorschoten (Holland): an act of rescue in
Vos, Aart and Johte: rescuers, in Holland
Voss (a German farmer): seeks to betray
Vrba, Rudolf: one of four escapees from Auschwitz; recalls an ‘honourable’ block leader in Auschwitz
Vrbova, Gerta: reflects on ‘appalling’ Slovak behaviour, xviii–xix
Vught concentration camp (Holland): a rescuer killed in
Wachalska, Anna: helps Jews
Wachtel, Dr Haim: saved
Waclaw (a Polish resistance fighter): provides forged documents
Wagman, Maria: given shelter
Wagner, Meir: describes Swiss rescue efforts in Budapest
Waisvisz, Elisabeth (Edna Heruthy): in hiding in Holland
Wajsfeld, Marcus (Mordecai Paldiel): and his family’s escape into Switzerland
Waka (Vilna District): a meeting at
Waksman, Roger: given shelter
Walbrzych (post-war Poland): and a parting of the ways
Wallach, Jaffa and Norris: saved
Wallach, Pinkas and Anna: saved
Wallenberg, Raoul: his arrival in Budapest; his list of ‘protected’ Jews; and safe houses under Swedish protection; distributes protective documents; helps protect International Ghetto; averts a massacre; disappears; a portrait of, Photo; a photograph taken from his car, of Jews released from custody, Photo; the ‘Latvian Wallenberg’ the ‘Italian Wallenberg’
Walter (a Viennese): helps Jews
‘Wanda’: a young Jewish girl’s assumed name
Wander, Dr Gerhard: helps Jews
Wander, Gerhard: recalls his mother’s help for Jews
Wander, Jacoba: helps Jews
Waniewo (Poland): two Poles murdered in, for sheltering Jews
Wannsee Conference (January 1942): designates Jews for deportation
Warsaw (Poland): an orphanage in; hiding places in; a Jewish woman taken for safety to; acts of rescue in; Jews helped to reach; a Jew found protection in; Jews from, interned in Vittel; a Jewish woman from, in hiding in France, victim of an SS reprisal; a ‘decent Gentile’ in; hatred of the occupier in
Warsaw Ghetto: a Jewish girl from, finds sanctuary; escapees from, given refuge; girls being deported to, escape and given sanctuary; acts of rescue in; the destroyer of, moves to Greece
Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (1943):
Warsaw Uprising (1944):
Warsaw Zoo: acts of rescue in
Washington D.C.: and a child’s future
Wawer (near Warsaw): sanctuaries in
Wawrzenczyce (Poland): a rescuer from
Wazschal, Thea: in hiding, Photo
Wdowinski, David: and a ‘humanitarian’ act
Weapons of the Spirit (film): about the rescuers of Le Chambon
Weber (an SS man): protects Jews from Arrow Cross
Weber, Janek: rescued
Weberman, Raya: in hiding
Weelde (Belgium): an escape route through
Weidner, Gabrielle: caught, and killed
Weidner, John: organizes escape routes
Weidt, Otto: his Righteous acts, in Berlin
Weinberg, Rose Levin: saved; Photo
Weinberg, Ruth: recalls her rescuers in Rome
Weinbergowa (a Jewish woman): sheltered, while pregnant
Weinryb (a lawyer): given shelter
Weisbarth, Bracha: given shelter
Weiss family: saved by acts of rescue
Weiss, Shewach: and a saga of rescue
Weissblum, Simon: given sanctuary
Weith, Irmgard: a German rescuer
Wells, Leon (Leon Welickzker): in hiding; and a decent SS man
Wells, Stan: helps save a Jewish girl
Wertheim, Micha: saved, in hiding
Westerbork (Holland): internment camp at
Western Front (1914–18): a German veteran of, saves Jews
Western Galicia (Poland): acts of rescue in
Westerweel, Joop: leads a group of Dutch rescuers; tortured and killed
Westerweel, Wilhelmina: sent to a concentration camp
Wezembeck-Oppem (Belgium): Jewish girls in hiding in
‘White Angel of the Vilna Ghetto’:
White, Madeleine: recalls Sofka Skipwith’s Righteous acts
White Russians: see Byelorussians
‘Wieczorkowska’: a surname in hiding
Wiel, Alessandro and Luisa: Italian rescuers
Wielka Street (Warsaw): and a remarkable act of rescue
Wiener, Henry: in hiding with his family; later saved by Oskar Schindler
Wierzbica (Poland): rescuers in, executed
Wierzbicki, Michal and Anna: their act of rescue
Wiesel, Elie: and ‘wonderful Maria’ at Buna-Monowitz
Wikiel, Jan and Maria: rescue a Jewish couple
Wilde, Henry: recalls acts of kindness
Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania): two rescuers live in
Willegers, Bettina (later Elizabeth Browne): helps her mother’s rescue efforts; helps smuggle four Jews out of Holland
Willegers, Wilhelmina: a Dutch rescuer
‘Willems, Lily’: an assumed identity
Wilrijk (Belgium): two Jewish boys in hiding in
Wind, Halina: saved
Winston, Renate Schonberg: saved
Winterswijk (Holland): fifty-one Jews hidden in
Wisgardisky, Henia: in hiding; Photo
Wisnicki, Joseph: helped to leave Poland
Wiszumirsky family: rescue a Jewish woman
Wlodzimierz Wolynski (Poland): and an act of rescue
Wojtowicz, Tadeusz: a rescuer
Wojtyla, Karol (later Pope John Paul II): will not perform a baptismal ceremony
Wola Przybyslawska (Poland): Poles shot for hiding Jews
Wola (Warsaw): help to Jews in
Wolf, Bob and Myriam: send a testimony
Wolfson, Dr: helped by a German
Wolinski, Henryk: active in Council for Assistance to the Jews; Photo
Wolk, Dr Nathan: gives testimony about his rescuer
Wollheim, Norbert: testifies on behalf of a courageous British sergeant
Wolomin (Poland): rescuers in, warned
‘Woloszczuk, Alicija’: an assumed name; at her First Communion, Photo
Woloszynowicz, Henryk: his parents murdered for sheltering Jews
Wolski, Mieczyslaw: helps a Jewish historian
Woolfe, Richard: interviews British soldiers who rescued a Jewish girl
Woortman, Joop: a Dutch rescuer
Woortman, Semmy: a Dutch rescuer; with the Jewish girl she and her husband were hiding, Photo
World Jewish Congress: and a ‘legendary’ rescuer
Worms (Rhineland): a Jewish couple saved in, xix
Wortman, Joop: helps save a baby
Wroblewski, Stefan: helps save Jews
Wsola (Poland): ‘helpful’ Germans
Wurl, Private Gerhard: helps a Jewish boy
Wybenga, Peter (‘Uncle Piet’): a Dutch rescuer
Wyrzkowska, Antonina: saves Jews
Yad Vashem (Jerusalem): and the Righteous Among the Nations, xv, xvi, xviii; and the Avenue of the Righteous; and unknown rescuers; and ten British soldier-rescuers; its Righteous Among the Nations lexicon; locates 17,500 rescuers
Yahil, Leni: records rescue of Danish Jews
Yanczewka (Poland): Jews sheltered in
Yankovsky, Karl: rescues Jews
Yaruga (Ukraine): Jews saved in
Yasha (a Polish girl): helps her mother save a Jewish boy
Yiddish language: and a Jewish girl in hiding; and a Jewish boy in hiding; and a collection of testimonies; and a baby girl in hiding; and a girl taken out of the Kovno Ghetto; and a Jewish girl in a Polish orphanage; spoken by a rescuer; spoken by a German rescuer
Yosselevska, Rivka: saved
Yugoslavia: round-ups in, xix; refugee children from, find sanctuary in Italy; refugees from, in Italy, smuggled into Switzerland; see also Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Slovenia Yula (a Polish woman): helps save a Jewess