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The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust

Page 56

by Gilbert, Martin


  Tarnopol (Eastern Galicia): acts of kindness in; the fate of Poles who hid Jews in

  Tarnow (Poland): an act of rescue in; Germans in, help Jews; a factory in, gives protection to Jews

  Taschdjian, Aram and Felicia: save a Jew

  Tau, Tove: saves Jewish children

  Taubenfeld, Alicja-Irena: rescued, with her cousin

  Tel Aviv (Israel): a letter from, thanking rescuers

  Telgte (Germany): a Jewish girl protected in

  Temple, Shirley: an actress to be emulated; emulated

  Tenenbaum, Mordechai: his archives guarded

  Tennenbaum family: saved

  Tennenbaum, Fanny and David: find refuge

  Terboven, Josef: rules Norway

  Teressa, Mrs: saves two Jews

  Terlouw, Henny: a Dutch rescuer

  Théas, Bishop Pierre-Marie: denounces deportations

  Théis, Pastor Edouard: rescues Jews

  Theresienstadt Ghetto: food and clothes smuggled into; parcels posted to; deportations to; Danish Jews in, protected

  Third Reich: ‘shrinking’

  Thomassen family: Dutch rescuers

  Thônes (France): rescuers in

  Thrace: Jews deported from

  Thys, Dr: provides false documents

  Tieze, Suse Lotte: recalls a Righteous act

  Tikotin, Ilana (Ilana Drukker-Tikotin): in hiding in Holland

  Tikotin, Steffi (Steffi Robertson): in hiding in Holland

  Tilburg (Holland): rescue efforts in

  Times, The (London): reports French opposition to deportations

  Tirana (Albania): Jews saved in

  Tiso, Father Jozef: orders deportations

  Titsch, Raimund: an Austrian, helps Jews in Poland

  ‘Tivoli, Maria’: an assumed identity

  Tluste (Eastern Galicia): rescuers betrayed near

  Todorov, Tzvetan: reflects on rescue in Bulgaria

  Toebbens Factory (Warsaw): Jews in

  ‘Tolek’: the story of his rescue

  Tomka, Gustav: helps rescue Jewish slave labourers

  Tomkiewicz family: shelter a Jewish boy

  Tonelli, Dr Sandor: hides forty Jews, in Budapest

  Toronto: a survivor emigrates to; rescuers honoured in

  Toth, Helena: secures the release of seven Jews

  Toulouse (France): an escape through

  Tourinnes-St-Lambert (Belgium): two Jewish boys find sanctuary in

  Trananricz (a Jew): liberated from prison

  Transnistria: deportations to

  Trashinski, Iosef: saved

  Trawniki concentration camp (German-occupied Poland):; and an act of rescue

  Treason or Honour (documentary film): and Jews in hiding

  Treblinka death camp (German-occupied Poland): an escapee from, given refuge; rescuers perish in; deportations to; a ‘humanitarian’ act during the journey to; an escape on the way to; revolt at

  Trembowla (Eastern Galicia): an escapee from, finds refuge

  Trepman, Paul: recalls the ‘Angel of Majdanek’

  Treptow, Ernst and Maria: rescuers, in Berlin

  Trier (Rhineland): and a Righteous German

  Trieste (Italy): escape from; escapees from, in hiding in Assisi

  Trikkala (Greece): most Jews in, saved

  Tripiccione, General: refuses a German appeal for help

  Trocmé, Pastor André: rescues Jews; Photo

  Trocmé, Magda: helps rescue Jews; ‘How could we refuse them?’

  Troglia, Gimmy: takes refugees from Italy to Switzerland

  ‘Trojan Horses’: endanger rescuers

  Trondheim (Norway): a church protest in; an escape from

  Troostwijk, Jehoedah: reflects on his rescuers

  Troostwijk, Menno: arrested and deported

  Tunis: Italians protect Jews in

  Turin (Italy): a Jewish mother and daughter from, given refuge; Jews from, find refuge in a remote valley

  Turka (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish girl hidden in

  Turkey: Jews helped to escape to

  Turner, Ilana: and a Polish girl’s gift

  Tursz, Dr Michael: saved by a ‘legendary’ rescuer

  Tworek, Kazimierz and Janina: save a Jewish child

  Tygodnik Powszecbny (newspaper): and a Polish ‘benefactor’

  Tykocin (Poland): Poles murdered in, for sheltering Jews

  Tyrol (Austria): and an act of rescue

  Tyz, Grzegorz: helps Jews in hiding

  Uccle (Belgium): Jews in hiding in

  Udine (Italy): a safe haven in

  Ufryjewicz, Father: helps save a Jewish family

  Uhniv (eastern Poland): Jews given refuge in; and a monastic refuge

  Ujvari, Sandor: helps Jews in Budapest

  Ukrainian Catholic Church: an appeal to its head

  Ukrainians: and collaboration, xix; ‘bestiality’ of, xix; acts of rescue by; hostility of; murders by; ‘humanitarian’ acts by; and a ‘decent Gentile’

  Ulkumen, Selahattin: saves fifty-two Jews on the islands of Rhodes and Kos

  Umschlagplatz (Warsaw): deportations from

  ‘Uncle Piet’: a rescuer

  ‘Uncle Stefan’: a rescuer

  Ungvar (Hungarian-occupied Czechoslovakia): a rescuer from

  United States: takes in Jewish refugees; ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition in; rescuers settle in; survivors emigrate to; a letter to; Jewish children sent to (1941); lectures about the Righteous in; a Dutch rescuer in, recalls her family’s rescue efforts; a rescuer dies in

  United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Washington DC): its photo archive

  United States Office of Strategic Services: reports Norwegian efforts to help Jews

  Unoccupied Zone (of France): see Free Zone

  ‘unsung heroes’: of the Holocaust

  Ural mountains: an escape to

  Urbanek, Zdenek: helps Jews

  Uritskyi family: saved

  Usach, Dr Juliette: in charge of a children’s home; with some of her Jewish youngsters, Photo

  Utrecht (Holland): acts of rescue in; a son reunited with his father in

  Vabulis, Yanis: saves a Jewish woman

  Vacquiers (France): rescue in

  Valence (France): an act of rescue at

  Valent, Paul: in hiding in Budapest

  ‘Valik’: a less Jewish-sounding name

  Valle Santa (Italy): refuge in

  Valle Stura (Italy): refuge in

  Vallingegno (Italy): Jews given refuge in

  Van Ameringen, Tirzah: with her rescuer, Photo

  Van Berlikom, Jet: saves Jewish babies

  Van Binsbergen, Marion: a Dutch rescuer

  Van Daan family: in hiding

  Van den Berg, Albert: a Belgian rescuer

  Van der Fort, Hannah: finds a hiding place for a Jewish boy

  Van der Heijden family: Dutch rescuers, their tragic fate

  Van der Putten, Gerrit: a policeman and a rescuer

  Van der Stoel, Hetty and Martinus: rescue a baby boy

  Van der Vaart, Dirk and Neels: Dutch rescuers

  Van Dyk, Jan and Tinie: hide a Jewish girl

  Van Eerd-Mutsaers, Adrianne and Annie: Dutch rescuers

  Van Gestel, Adrianus: a rescuer, shot

  Van Hessen, Edith (later Edith Velmans): goes into hiding

  Van Live, Geertruida: saves Jewish babies

  Van Lohuizen family: give sanctuary to two Jewish girls

  ‘Van Meerhaegen, Jeannine’: an assumed identity; Photo

  Van Odyk, Pief: visits Jews in hiding

  Van Oosten family: give refuge to a Jew, in Holland

  Van Roey, Cardinal: intervenes

  ‘Van Tijn, Juliette’: an assumed identity

  Van Tongeren, Jacoba: a Dutch rescuer

  Vanger, Richard: his rescuer

  Varena (Lithuania): a priest in, tries to comfort Jews

  Varese (Italy): an act of rescue near

  Varnavina, Valentina: saves a Jewish child


  Vatican: distresses Reich Security main Office; shelters Jews; protests against deportations; rescue efforts of its representative in Budapest

  Vatican Legation (Budapest): rescue efforts of

  Vatican Radio: reports papal injunction favourable to Jews

  Vavrusevich, Mikhail: helps Jews

  Vavrusevich, Nikolai: hides a mother and daughter

  Veesenmayer, SS General: a protest to, in Budapest

  Veitch, Bronia: and a remarkable act of rescue; and a second act of rescue

  Venice (Italy): an arrest in

  Vénissieux (France): Jewish children rescued from

  Venlo (Holland): a Jewish girl finds refuge in

  Verduin, Grietje: her Righteous act

  Verillac family: save a Jewish boy

  Vermes, Gabor: in hiding

  Verona (Italy): an arrest in

  ‘Verschoor, Corry’: an assumed identity

  Vershovsky, Major Senitsa: tries to protect Jews

  Vesili, Refik: helps hide eight Jews; reflects on the motive for rescue; with two of the children in hiding, Photo

  Vichy France: Jews leave; Jews deported to; agrees to German deportation demands; dismisses a general who refuses to round up Jews; round-ups in; internment camps in; a supporter of, becomes a rescuer; Jews smuggled into; Italians oppose anti-Jewish measures of

  Vidal, Juliette: helps Jewish children escape to Switzerland

  Vienna: a Righteous diplomat in; a police sergeant from, helps Jews in Poland; a Jewish woman helped to travel to

  Villa Emma (Nonantola, Italy): Jewish children find refuge in; Jewish children smuggled to Switzerland from

  Villata family: give refuge to a Jewish family

  Villefranche-de-Rouergue (France): a Jewish girl given shelter near

  Vilna (Vilnius): its Lithuanian populace, xvii; rescue in

  Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum (Vilnius): honours rescuers

  Viollet, Father Marie-Jean: helps Jews escape

  Virgin Mary: recalled, by a rescuer; her statue decorated

  Vis, Laurens: helps hide Jews, in Holland

  Vis, Rudi: and his father’s funeral

  Vitale, Ada: recounts her family’s rescue

  Vitkauskas, Arejas: a rescuer

  Vitkauskiene, Julija: a rescuer

  Vittel (France): Jewish internees at, receive help

  Vlastaris, Dimitros: helps the Levis family

  Vlora (Albania): Jews hidden in

  vodka: policemen distracted by

  Voice of Piotrkow Survivors, The: and a saga of rescue

  Voiron (France): a betrayal at

  Volhynia province (Poland): Jews saved in; a German rescuer in

  Volksdeutsch: see Ethnic Germans

  Volos (Greece): most Jews in, saved

  Voorschoten (Holland): an act of rescue in

  Vos, Aart and Johte: rescuers, in Holland

  Voss (a German farmer): seeks to betray

  Vrba, Rudolf: one of four escapees from Auschwitz; recalls an ‘honourable’ block leader in Auschwitz

  Vrbova, Gerta: reflects on ‘appalling’ Slovak behaviour, xviii–xix

  Vught concentration camp (Holland): a rescuer killed in

  Wachalska, Anna: helps Jews

  Wachtel, Dr Haim: saved

  Waclaw (a Polish resistance fighter): provides forged documents

  Wagman, Maria: given shelter

  Wagner, Meir: describes Swiss rescue efforts in Budapest

  Waisvisz, Elisabeth (Edna Heruthy): in hiding in Holland

  Wajsfeld, Marcus (Mordecai Paldiel): and his family’s escape into Switzerland

  Waka (Vilna District): a meeting at

  Waksman, Roger: given shelter

  Walbrzych (post-war Poland): and a parting of the ways

  Wallach, Jaffa and Norris: saved

  Wallach, Pinkas and Anna: saved

  Wallenberg, Raoul: his arrival in Budapest; his list of ‘protected’ Jews; and safe houses under Swedish protection; distributes protective documents; helps protect International Ghetto; averts a massacre; disappears; a portrait of, Photo; a photograph taken from his car, of Jews released from custody, Photo; the ‘Latvian Wallenberg’ the ‘Italian Wallenberg’

  Walter (a Viennese): helps Jews

  ‘Wanda’: a young Jewish girl’s assumed name

  Wander, Dr Gerhard: helps Jews

  Wander, Gerhard: recalls his mother’s help for Jews

  Wander, Jacoba: helps Jews

  Waniewo (Poland): two Poles murdered in, for sheltering Jews

  Wannsee Conference (January 1942): designates Jews for deportation

  Warsaw (Poland): an orphanage in; hiding places in; a Jewish woman taken for safety to; acts of rescue in; Jews helped to reach; a Jew found protection in; Jews from, interned in Vittel; a Jewish woman from, in hiding in France, victim of an SS reprisal; a ‘decent Gentile’ in; hatred of the occupier in

  Warsaw Ghetto: a Jewish girl from, finds sanctuary; escapees from, given refuge; girls being deported to, escape and given sanctuary; acts of rescue in; the destroyer of, moves to Greece

  Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (1943):

  Warsaw Uprising (1944):

  Warsaw Zoo: acts of rescue in

  Washington D.C.: and a child’s future

  Wawer (near Warsaw): sanctuaries in

  Wawrzenczyce (Poland): a rescuer from

  Wazschal, Thea: in hiding, Photo

  Wdowinski, David: and a ‘humanitarian’ act

  Weapons of the Spirit (film): about the rescuers of Le Chambon

  Weber (an SS man): protects Jews from Arrow Cross

  Weber, Janek: rescued

  Weberman, Raya: in hiding

  Weelde (Belgium): an escape route through

  Weidner, Gabrielle: caught, and killed

  Weidner, John: organizes escape routes

  Weidt, Otto: his Righteous acts, in Berlin

  Weinberg, Rose Levin: saved; Photo

  Weinberg, Ruth: recalls her rescuers in Rome

  Weinbergowa (a Jewish woman): sheltered, while pregnant

  Weinryb (a lawyer): given shelter

  Weisbarth, Bracha: given shelter

  Weiss family: saved by acts of rescue

  Weiss, Shewach: and a saga of rescue

  Weissblum, Simon: given sanctuary

  Weith, Irmgard: a German rescuer

  Wells, Leon (Leon Welickzker): in hiding; and a decent SS man

  Wells, Stan: helps save a Jewish girl

  Wertheim, Micha: saved, in hiding

  Westerbork (Holland): internment camp at

  Western Front (1914–18): a German veteran of, saves Jews

  Western Galicia (Poland): acts of rescue in

  Westerweel, Joop: leads a group of Dutch rescuers; tortured and killed

  Westerweel, Wilhelmina: sent to a concentration camp

  Wezembeck-Oppem (Belgium): Jewish girls in hiding in

  ‘White Angel of the Vilna Ghetto’:

  White, Madeleine: recalls Sofka Skipwith’s Righteous acts

  White Russians: see Byelorussians

  ‘Wieczorkowska’: a surname in hiding

  Wiel, Alessandro and Luisa: Italian rescuers

  Wielka Street (Warsaw): and a remarkable act of rescue

  Wiener, Henry: in hiding with his family; later saved by Oskar Schindler

  Wierzbica (Poland): rescuers in, executed

  Wierzbicki, Michal and Anna: their act of rescue

  Wiesel, Elie: and ‘wonderful Maria’ at Buna-Monowitz

  Wikiel, Jan and Maria: rescue a Jewish couple

  Wilde, Henry: recalls acts of kindness

  Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania): two rescuers live in

  Willegers, Bettina (later Elizabeth Browne): helps her mother’s rescue efforts; helps smuggle four Jews out of Holland

  Willegers, Wilhelmina: a Dutch rescuer

  ‘Willems, Lily’: an assumed identity

  Wilrijk (Belgium): two Jewish boys in hiding in


  Wind, Halina: saved

  Winston, Renate Schonberg: saved

  Winterswijk (Holland): fifty-one Jews hidden in

  Wisgardisky, Henia: in hiding; Photo

  Wisnicki, Joseph: helped to leave Poland

  Wiszumirsky family: rescue a Jewish woman

  Wlodzimierz Wolynski (Poland): and an act of rescue

  Wojtowicz, Tadeusz: a rescuer

  Wojtyla, Karol (later Pope John Paul II): will not perform a baptismal ceremony

  Wola Przybyslawska (Poland): Poles shot for hiding Jews

  Wola (Warsaw): help to Jews in

  Wolf, Bob and Myriam: send a testimony

  Wolfson, Dr: helped by a German

  Wolinski, Henryk: active in Council for Assistance to the Jews; Photo

  Wolk, Dr Nathan: gives testimony about his rescuer

  Wollheim, Norbert: testifies on behalf of a courageous British sergeant

  Wolomin (Poland): rescuers in, warned

  ‘Woloszczuk, Alicija’: an assumed name; at her First Communion, Photo

  Woloszynowicz, Henryk: his parents murdered for sheltering Jews

  Wolski, Mieczyslaw: helps a Jewish historian

  Woolfe, Richard: interviews British soldiers who rescued a Jewish girl

  Woortman, Joop: a Dutch rescuer

  Woortman, Semmy: a Dutch rescuer; with the Jewish girl she and her husband were hiding, Photo

  World Jewish Congress: and a ‘legendary’ rescuer

  Worms (Rhineland): a Jewish couple saved in, xix

  Wortman, Joop: helps save a baby

  Wroblewski, Stefan: helps save Jews

  Wsola (Poland): ‘helpful’ Germans

  Wurl, Private Gerhard: helps a Jewish boy

  Wybenga, Peter (‘Uncle Piet’): a Dutch rescuer

  Wyrzkowska, Antonina: saves Jews

  Yad Vashem (Jerusalem): and the Righteous Among the Nations, xv, xvi, xviii; and the Avenue of the Righteous; and unknown rescuers; and ten British soldier-rescuers; its Righteous Among the Nations lexicon; locates 17,500 rescuers

  Yahil, Leni: records rescue of Danish Jews

  Yanczewka (Poland): Jews sheltered in

  Yankovsky, Karl: rescues Jews

  Yaruga (Ukraine): Jews saved in

  Yasha (a Polish girl): helps her mother save a Jewish boy

  Yiddish language: and a Jewish girl in hiding; and a Jewish boy in hiding; and a collection of testimonies; and a baby girl in hiding; and a girl taken out of the Kovno Ghetto; and a Jewish girl in a Polish orphanage; spoken by a rescuer; spoken by a German rescuer

  Yosselevska, Rivka: saved

  Yugoslavia: round-ups in, xix; refugee children from, find sanctuary in Italy; refugees from, in Italy, smuggled into Switzerland; see also Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Slovenia Yula (a Polish woman): helps save a Jewess

 

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