Book Read Free

Days of Rage

Page 69

by Bryan Burrough


  Radical Line, A (Jones), 91, 144

  Radio Free Dixie, 31

  RAM (Revolutionary Action Movement), 40, 43

  Ramparts, 45–47, 307

  Raskin, Jonah, 82, 117, 128–29, 220

  Rather, Dan, 526

  Rat Subterranean News, 9, 11, 17, 18, 157

  Ravettina, Stephen, 476–78

  Ray, James Earl, 414

  RCA Building, 19, 20

  Reagan, Ronald, 6, 48, 288, 482, 489, 490, 497, 535

  Reagan, William, 228–30, 373

  Reale, Louis, 532

  Red Star North Bookstore, 419–22

  Reed, James, 298

  Reich, Charles, 155

  Remiro, Joseph (“Bo”), 276, 277, 279, 282, 290, 308, 334–36, 547

  Republic of New Afrika (RNA), 451, 453, 456

  resistance movements, 59–60

  Revell, Oliver “Buck,” 532

  revolution, 61–65, 72, 73, 82, 83, 155, 157–59, 262, 275, 281, 515, 535, 539

  apocalyptic revolutionaries, 61–65, 67, 68, 261

  Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), 40, 43

  Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM), 68–70

  Revolution in the Revolution? (Debray), 65

  Rhine, Joe, 144, 230

  Richmond News Leader, 286

  Ricks, Willie, 39

  Right On!, 187, 196, 199, 200–201, 306

  RNA (Republic of New Afrika), 451, 453, 456

  riots, 35, 40, 50, 447

  in Detroit and Newark, 40, 41

  in New York City, 36

  Rison, Tyrone, 456–57, 469, 472, 493, 494, 498–501, 543

  Robbins, Terry, 67, 73, 75, 77, 82–83, 92, 94, 95, 98, 100–105, 154

  Fort Dix bomb plan and, 103–5, 106, 121–22

  in Townhouse explosion, 106, 108, 111–13, 115, 120, 121, 124, 168–69

  Robinson, Jackie, 35

  Rockefeller, Nelson, 315

  Rockefeller family, 127

  Rockne, Knute, 388

  Rockwell, Paul, 75

  Rodriguez, Greg, 487

  Rodriguez, Lucy, 385, 464, 479, 486–88

  Rogiers, Jacques, 346–49, 351–53, 357, 433

  Rolling Stones, 85

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 30, 260

  Rosado, Andres, 327–29, 403, 459

  Rosado, Luis, 327–29, 385, 403, 459

  Rosado, Julio, 327–29, 385, 403, 459

  Rosenberg, Susan, 457, 467, 474, 493, 501, 543, 544

  Ross, Clarence, 300, 301

  Roth, Robbie, 72, 128, 220, 227, 231, 315, 361, 370, 546

  Rudd, Mark, 64, 65, 67–70, 73–75, 78, 81–86, 88, 92, 103, 114, 116, 128, 144, 145, 150, 162, 177, 219, 225, 311, 315, 366, 545, 547

  at summit meeting, 120, 122–23

  surrender of, 371–72, 447–48

  Townhouse explosion and, 111

  Running on Empty, 409

  Russell, Harold, 191

  Ryan, Thomas, 472–74

  RYM (Revolutionary Youth Movement), 68–70

  Sadiki, Kamau, see Hilton, Fred

  St. Louis, Mo., 215–17, 240

  Sale, Kirkpatrick, 61–62, 75, 448

  Sam Melville Jonathan Jackson Unit (NWLF),

  340, 433

  Sam Melville Jonathan Jackson Unit (United Freedom Front), see United Freedom Front

  San Francisco, Calif., 260

  Hall of Justice, 127–28

  New World Liberation Front bombings in, 308, 345–54, 357

  Weatherman leadership’s move to, 92–93

  San Francisco Chronicle, 293, 346, 347, 348, 350, 353, 360

  San Francisco Eight, 542

  San Francisco Examiner, 223, 293

  San Francisco Weekly, 97

  San Quentin State Prison, 223–24, 260–61, 263–65, 268, 269, 345

  Santos, Hubert, 377

  Saturday Evening Post, 155

  Saxbe, William, 293

  SCAR, see Statewide Correctional Alliance for Reform

  Schaeffer, Frank, 99

  Schlachter, Michael, 499

  Schryver, Harold, 246, 251, 253

  Schumer, Charles, 466

  Scott, Danny, 463

  Scott, Jack, 307, 333–37, 342, 428

  Scott, Walter, 335–36

  SDS, see Students for a Democratic Society

  SDS: The Rise and Development of the Students for a Democratic Society (Sale), 61–62, 75, 448

  Seale, Bobby, 42–45, 48, 49, 51

  Seedman, Albert, 20–22, 110, 112, 113, 213

  Seeger, Pete, 266

  Senate, U.S., 544

  September 11 attacks, 5, 504n

  Serra, Tony, 347, 352, 354, 359, 360

  Shabazz, Betty, 45

  Shackleford, Don, 162

  Shackleford, Robert, 235

  Shakur, Aba, 179–80, 455

  Shakur, Afeni, 450, 452

  Shakur, Assata, see Chesimard, Joanne

  Shakur, Lumumba (Anthony Coston), 179–83, 189, 195, 196, 200–201, 207, 239, 455

  Odinga and, 179–81

  Shakur, Mutulu (Jeral Williams), 451–59, 465–67, 492–94, 498–501, 504, 505, 541–43, 545

  in bank robberies, 455–57, 467–69

  Baraldini and, 457–58, 467–68

  in Brink’s robbery, 500–504, 507, 510, 528, 543

  Chesimard’s escape and, 477–79

  drug use of, 453, 492–93, 498, 507

  Shakur, Tupac, 452

  Shakur, Zayd (James Coston), 180, 183, 187, 189, 195, 207, 209, 242, 243, 246–48, 454, 455

  Shapiro, Robert E., 163

  Shaw, Bernard, 547

  Shaw, Patricia Campbell Hearst, see Hearst, Patricia

  Sherburne, Harold, 322

  Shero, Jeff, 17

  Siegel, Mara, 390

  Siem, Mary Alice, 278

  Simmons, Albie, 190

  Sinners, 179

  SLA, see Symbionese Liberation Army

  Smith, Howard K., 164

  SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), 37–42, 57, 181

  Socialist Workers Party (SWP), 374

  Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson (Jackson), 223, 259, 266–67, 269, 272

  Soledad Brothers, 265–67

  Soledad Prison, 263–65, 273

  Soliah, Jo, 334, 339, 343, 345

  Soliah, Kathy, 305–7, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342–43, 345, 547

  Soliah, Martin, 341–43

  Soliah, Steve, 334, 336, 340, 343–45

  Soltysik, Patricia (“Mizmoon”), 274–79, 281, 292, 299, 303, 306

  Son of Sam, 398–99, 401–2

  Soul on Ice (Cleaver), 47, 262, 267, 290

  Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 28

  Spain, Johnny, 264

  Squire, Clark, 246–47

  Stalin, Joseph, 123, 371, 417

  Stang, Donald, 161

  Statewide Correctional Alliance for Reform (SCAR), 416–20, 434

  Statue of Liberty, 178

  Steen, Matthew Landy, 96–97

  Stein, Annie, 312–13, 362, 365, 367, 368, 390, 546

  Stein, Eleanor, 128, 142, 154, 220, 222, 312, 313, 361, 362, 366, 367, 371, 496, 546

  Jones’s relationship with, 222, 372

  Steinberg, Charles, 400

  Stender, Fay, 265–66

  Stern, Susan, 66

  Steward, Howard, 191, 237

  Stoddard, Sally, 443, 514

  Stokes, Ronald, 36

  Strickland, Donald, 134–35, 234, 375, 497

  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 37–42, 57, 181

  stu
dent protests, 11, 12, 27, 29, 57–61, 67, 121, 148, 236

  at Columbia University, 11, 63–65, 68

  at Kent State, 121, 132, 148

  Weatherman paper and, 68

  Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 52, 55, 57–70, 75–76, 81, 82, 89, 93, 125, 130, 178, 420, 448, 458

  convention of, 68–70, 74

  Days of Rage and, 80

  Jews in, 61

  Port Huron Statement of, 57

  Weatherman’s takeover and destruction of, 70, 73, 74, 89, 121, 157, 230

  see also specific members

  Suffolk County Courthouse, 407–8, 431–32

  Sullivan, William, 71, 114–15, 132–34, 234

  Sundiata, Mtayari, 477, 498, 500–501, 503, 511

  Surita, Luis, 465, 466

  Sutton, Percy, 197

  Swearingen, Wesley, 152–53

  Sweeney, Thomas J., 399

  SWP (Socialist Workers Party), 374

  Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), x, 4, 46, 274–83, 304–8, 333–44, 347, 357, 409, 418, 421, 426, 447, 538, 547

  arrests of members of, 282, 344–45

  bank robberies of, 292–93, 336–37, 341, 342, 345

  Bay Area Research Collective and, 307–8, 342

  black leadership idea in, 341

  bombings by, 339–41, 345

  FBI and, 285–86, 290, 293–94, 296, 299–300, 306, 335–37, 341–46

  in February to May 1974, 284–303

  at Fifty-fourth Street house, 296–303

  food program and, 287–88, 305, 347

  formation of, 274–77

  Foster murdered by, 279–81, 288, 356, 547

  Hearst kidnapped by, 4, 283, 284–90, 357

  Hearst’s capture and arrest, 344–46

  Hearst’s life with, 290–96, 304–7, 333–44

  ideology of, 277–78, 286–87

  LAPD and, 296, 299–303, 304

  media and, 286–87, 293, 305, 307

  New World Liberation Front and, 307–9, 339, 340, 345, 347, 355

  Opsahl murdered by, 337, 547

  police targeted by, 294, 298, 338–41

  recruiting by, 275–77, 279, 294, 334

  Scott and, 307

  in siege and conflagration, 302–3, 304–6, 315, 357, 448, 497

  sexual relationships in, 336, 341

  Weather Underground and, 278, 286, 288–89, 303, 315

  see also specific members

  Tabor, Michael “Cetawayo,” 49, 188–89, 194, 450, 453

  Taft, Richard, 452

  Taft, Robert A., Jr., 452

  Taft, William Howard, 452

  Tappis, Steve, 65–66

  Target Blue (Daley), 244–45

  Tate, Sharon, 86

  Taylor, Elizabeth, 40

  Teitelbaum, Cynthia, 330

  Teitelbaum, Jim, 330–31

  terrorism, 541

  Thelma’s Lounge, 201

  Thomas, Gloria, 270–72

  Thomas, John, 202–7, 209, 239

  Thomson, Bobby, 175

  Tice, Sandy, 23–24

  Tidmarsh, Joe, 240

  Till, Emmett, 28

  Time, 6, 155, 310, 376n

  Tipograph, Susan, 458, 471–72, 545

  Torgersen, Roxanne, 505–6

  Torgersen, Sandra, 505–6

  Torres, Carlos, 332, 384, 385, 391, 392, 394, 396, 397, 402, 461–62, 464, 479, 481–84, 486–89, 491, 545

  Torres, José, 332, 488

  Torres, Marie Haydee, 385, 464, 479, 484, 487, 545

  in Mobil bombing, 398–99, 402, 488

  Toure, Kazi, 514–15, 521–24, 537

  Touré, Sékou, 180–81

  Tribal Thumb Collective, 275

  Trombino, Joe, 502–4

  Truman, Harry, 318, 325

  TUG: The Urban Guerrilla, 349

  Tuley High, 387–89

  Tupamaros, 124, 141

  Turcich, Cathy, 342

  Turner, Nat, 29

  Ultra Violet, 24

  underground, 25, 89–91, 148, 259, 275, 447–48, 392, 515

  Black Panthers in, 189, 200

  Connor on, 540–41

  dos and don’ts for people in, 90

  draft dodgers and deserters in, 89–91

  Dragon and, 308

  false identities and theft in, 91–92, 162–63

  Jackson and, 268

  legacies of, 538–40

  and most violent year, 497–98

  myths about, 26–28

  prisons and, 260–62

  rebirth of, 259–60

  Soledad Brothers and, 265

  Symbionese Liberation Army’s destruction and, 305–6

  Weathermen in, 81–82, 84, 89–92, 218, 448, 515

  Underground (Rudd), 84

  Union Carbide Building, 318

  United Freedom Front (UFF; Sam Melville Jonathan Jackson Unit; SMJJ), x, 4, 407–9, 430–43, 513–36, 544

  bank robberies by, 515, 517, 523–24, 526, 527

  bombings by, 407–8, 430–38, 441–42, 513, 524–25, 530

  on CBS Evening News, 526

  FBI and, 520–21, 526–36

  mail drop of, 531–32

  manhunt for, 528–29

  safe houses of, 440–41

  see also specific members

  United Fruit, 15–16, 20

  United Nations, 34, 389

  United Press International (UPI), 209, 213, 436

  Universal African Legions, 29

  Universal Negro Improvement Association, 29, 31

  University of California, 58

  University of Maine, 415, 417

  University of Washington, 150

  University of Wisconsin, 148–49, 155

  Valentín, Carmen, 388, 487, 489

  Valentine, William, 463–64, 469

  vanguardism, 65

  Van Lydegraf, Clayton, 145, 147, 312, 313, 368, 369, 372–73, 457, 546

  Velez, Raul, 382–84

  Venceremos, 262, 278, 390

  Vesey, Denmark, 29

  Vickers, Robert, 191–92

  Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 415

  Vietnam War, 59, 61, 67, 68, 74, 153, 156, 224, 260, 447, 539

  end of, 236, 259, 309, 415

  Levasseur in, 411, 413, 415

  protests against, 11, 26–28, 58, 70, 132, 156, 157, 223, 309, 415

  Vizi, Lou, 319–21, 323, 327–32, 374, 377, 382, 392, 394–96, 464, 483, 497

  Wager, Susan, 109

  Wahad, Dhoruba bin-, see Moore, Richard “Dhoruba”

  Waite, Ronald, 107–8

  Waiting ’til the Midnight Hour (Joseph), 34

  Walker, Andy, 529

  Warhol, Andy, 24

  Washington, Albert, 203

  Washington, George, 321

  Washington Monthly, 244–45

  Washington Post, 232, 497

  Watergate, 236, 286, 292, 335, 362, 379, 447, 497

  Waters, John, 547

  Watkins, Bud, 230

  WBAI, 13, 15–16

  WCBS, 394

  Weatherman (Weather Underground Organization), ix–x, 1–2, 427, 52, 55–56, 63–66, 70–86, 177, 194, 259, 260, 275, 309–16, 361–79, 420, 421, 426, 430, 447, 448, 450, 457, 458, 538, 545–46

  armed propaganda strategy of, 122

  arrests of members of, 373

  authorization of actions in, 93

  bizarre behavior in, 56, 72

  Black Panthers and, 76, 94, 159–60

  cadre school of, 365

  Central Committee of, 128, 186, 310–13, 315, 363–65, 369

  in Chicago, 70�
�76, 78–81, 93, 94

  collectives in, 92–93, 117–18

  communiqués of, 118, 123–24, 130, 136, 149, 150, 159, 223–24, 278, 288–89, 366

  criticism/self-criticism in, 76–77, 84, 278, 369

  Cuba and, 73–74, 87, 88, 136

  Days of Rage, 70, 73, 74, 78–81, 88, 99, 105, 114, 162, 311, 370, 371, 496

  death of, 369–72, 380, 496

  disappearance in 1972 and 1973, 309–10

  dissension in, 311–12

  emotional violence in, 76–77

  FALN and, 327, 331–32, 389–91

  false identities and, 91–92, 435

  FBI and, 71, 73, 97–99, 110, 112–15, 119, 123, 132–35, 142, 152–53, 161–68, 220–21, 226, 228–30, 233–35, 311, 365, 367, 371, 373–79, 380, 496

  FBI raid on San Francisco apartments of (the Encirclement), 167–68, 218–24, 228, 390n, 504

  feminism and, 311, 368, 369

  funding for, 141–43, 161

  Hampton Bays gathering of, 154, 157

  Hampton’s murder and, 84–85, 94

  Hard Times Conference of, 364–65, 367–68

  indictments against, 114, 116, 136, 309, 311

  “invasions” of schools and colleges by, 74

  inversion plan of, 361–62, 371

  in January to March 1970, 87–105

  in June to October 1970, 132–51

  killing people as intention of, 56, 87–88, 93–99, 104, 121, 123, 157

  leadership’s move to San Francisco, 92–93

  Leary and, 143–49, 236

  loss of members of, 115, 117, 124, 125, 128, 218–19, 230

  in March to June 1970, 106–31

  Milwaukee collective of, 118–19

  Movement support requested by, 157–58

  myth of nonviolence of, 93, 123, 126, 127

  name change of, 159

  National War Council of, 85–86, 218, 225

  “New Morning, Changing Weather” essay of, 158–60

  New York cell of, 111, 128–31, 310–11, 334

  in October 1970 to April 1971, 152–69

  orgies in, 56, 72, 77–78, 86

  Osawatomie, 362–63

  policemen targeted by, 94–97, 99, 121, 123, 157, 178

  poverty among members of, 140, 160–61, 311

  Prairie Fire, 311–16, 327, 333, 361–66, 390, 426

  Prairie Fire Distribution Committee, 363–64

  Prairie Fire Organizing Committee, 364–65, 367–69, 372–74, 457

  prison conditions as concern of, 223–24

  Progressive Labor and, 69

  purges in, 88, 89, 92, 369–70, 372

  reemergence of, 306, 309

  restaurant robbed by, 141

  Rockefeller kidnap plan of, 127

  at SDS convention, 68–70, 74

  SDS taken over and destroyed by, 70, 73, 74, 89, 121, 157, 230

  Smash Monogamy program in, 77, 78

 

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