Book Read Free

The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life

Page 97

by Richard J. Herrnstein


  Kamin, L. 1974. The Science and Politics of IQ. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  Kandel, E., Mednick, S. A., Kirkegaard-Sorensen, L., Hutchings, B., Knop, J., Rosenberg, R., and Schulsinger, F. 1988. IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior. J. of Consulting and Clinical Psych. 56:224-226.

  Karen, D. 1991. “Achievement” and “ascription” in admission to an elite college: A political-organizational analysis. Sociological Forum 6:349-380.

  Karmel, L. J., and Karmel, M. O. 1978. Measurement and Evaluation in the Schools. 2d ed. New York: Macmillan.

  Kasarda, J. D. 1989. Urban industrial transition and the underclass. Annals of the Am. Academy of Political and Social Science 501:26-47.

  Katz, L. F., and Murphy, K. M. 1990. Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

  Kaufman, A. S., and Kaufman, N. L. 1983. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children: Interpretive Manual. Circle Pines, Minn.: American Guidance Service.

  Kaufman, J., and Zigler, E. 1987. Do abused children become abusive parents? Am. J. of Orthopsychiatry 57:186-192.

  Kaus, M. 1992. The End of Equality. New York: Basic Books.

  Keene, K., and Ladd, E. C. 1991. Politics of the professoriate. Am. Enterprise (July/August): 86-87.

  Keeves, J. (ed.). 1991. The IEA Study of Science III: Changes in Science Education and Achievement 1970-84. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

  Keller, C., and Fetterly, K. 1978. Legitimacy and mother’s education as risk factors in post neonatal mortality. Paper presented at the American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Los Angeles.

  Keller, H., Miranda, D., and Cauda, G. 1984. The naive theory of the infant and some maternal attitudes. J. of Cross-Cultural Psych. 15:165-179.

  Kelley, M. L., Power, T. G., and Wimbush, D. D. 1992. Determinants of disciplinary practices in low-income black mothers. Child Development 63:573-582.

  Kelman, M. 1991. Concepts of discrimination in “general ability” job testing. Harvard Law Rev. 104:1158-1247.

  Kempe, A., et al. 1992. Clinical determinants of the racial disparity in very low birth weight. New England J. of Medicine 327:969-973.

  Kendall, I. M., Verster, M. A., and Mollendorf, J. W. V. 1988. Test performance of blacks in Southern Africa. In Human Abilities in Cultural Context. S. H. Irvine and J. W. Berry (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 299-339.

  Keogh, B. K., and MacMillan, D. L. 1970. Effects of motivational and presentation conditions on digit recall of children of differing socioeconomic, racial, and intelligence groups. Am. Educational Research J. 8:27-38.

  Kevles, D. J. 1985. In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

  Kinder, D. R., and Sears, D. O. 1985. Public opinion and political action. In Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 2. G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (eds.). New York: Random House, pp. 659-74.

  Kitagawa, E., and Hauser, P. M. 1960. Education differences in mortality by cause of death. Demography 5:318-353.

  Klein, M., and Stern, L. 1971. Low birth weight and the battered child syndrome. Am. J. of Diseases of Children 122:15-18.

  Kleppner, P. 1982. Who Voted? The Dynamics of Electoral Turnout, 1870-1980. New York: Praeger.

  Kline, P. 1985. The nature of psychometric g. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:234.

  Klitgaard, R. 1985. Choosing Elites: Selecting “The Best and the Brightest” at Top Universities and Elsewhere. New York: Basic Books.

  Knight, R. A., and Goodnow, J. J. 1988. Parents’ beliefs about influences over cognitive and social development. International J. of Behavioral Development 11:517-527.

  Koh, T., Abbatiello, A., and McLoughlin, C. S. 1984. Cultural bias in WISC subtest items: A response to Judge Grady’s suggestion in relation to the PASE case. School Psych. Rev. 13:89-94.

  Kohl, H. 1967. 36 Children. New York: New American Library.

  Kohn, M. L. 1959. Social class and parental values. Am. J. of Sociology 64:337-351.

  Kominski, R. 1990. Estimating the national high school dropout rate. Demography 27:303-311.

  Kosters, M. H. 1993. The earned income tax credit and the working poor. Am. Enterprise (May-June): 64-72.

  Kozol, J. 1967. Death at an Early Age: The Destruction of the Hearts and Minds of Negro Children. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

  Kozol, J. 1985. Illiterate America. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/Doubleday.

  Kozol, J. 1992. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York: HarperCollins.

  Kraiger, K., and Ford, J. K. 1985. A meta-analysis of race effects in performance ratings. J. of Applied Psych. 70:56-65.

  Kravitz, R. I., and Driscoll, J. M. 1983. Expectations for childhood development among child-abusing and nonabusing parents. Am. J. of Orthopsychiatry 53:345-352.

  Krishnan, V. 1990. A causal approach to the study of fertility and familism. Social Biology 37:59-68.

  Krohn, E. J., Lamp, R. E., and Phelps, C. G. 1988. Validity of the K-ABC for a black preschool population. Psych. in the Schools 25:15-21.

  Kronick, R. F., and Hargis, C. H. 1990. Dropouts: Who Drops Out and Why—and the Recommended Action. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas.

  Lam, D. A., and Miron, J. A. 1991. Seasonally of births in human populations. Social Biology 38:51-78.

  Lambert, C. 1993. Desperately seeking summa. Harvard Magazine (May-June): 36-30.

  Lamson, E. E. 1938. To what extent are intelligence quotients increased by children who participate in a rich vital school curriculum? J. of Educational Psych. 29:67-70.

  Lane, H. 1976. The Wild Boy of Aveyron. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

  Lane, H., and Pillard, R. 1978. The Wild Boy of Burundi: A Study of an Outcast Child. New York: Random House.

  Lazar, I., and Darlington, R. 1982. Lasting effects of early education: A report from the consortium for longitudinal studies. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 47, issues 2-3.

  Learned, W. S., and Wood, B. D. 1938. The Student and His Knowledge, A Report to the Carnegie Foundation on the Results of the High School and College Examinations of 1928, 1930, and 1932. New York: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

  Lee, V. E., Brooks-Gunn, J., Schnur, E., and Liaw, F.-R. 1990. Are Head Start effects sustained? A longitudinal follow-up comparison of disadvantaged children attending Head Start, no preschool, and other preschool programs. Child Development 61:495-507.

  Lemann, N. 1991. The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

  Leonard, C. H., et al. 1990. Effect of medical and social risk factors on outcome of prematurity and very low birth weight. J. of Pediatrics 116:620-626.

  Leonard, J. S. 1984. Employment and occupational advance under affirmative action. Rev. of Economics and Statistics 66:377-385.

  Leonard, J. S. 1986. The effectiveness of equal employment law and affirmative action regulations. In Research in Labor Economics, vol. 8, Part B. R. G. Ehrenberg (ed.). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, pp. 85-140.

  Lerner, B. 1991. Good news about American education. Commentary (March): 19-25.

  Levin, H. M. 1989. Economics of investment in educationally disadvantaged students. Am. Econ. Rev. 79:52-56.

  Levin, M. In press. Comment on Minnesota transracial adoption study. Intelligence.

  Levy, E, and Murnane, R. J. 1992. U.S. earnings levels and earnings inequality: A review of recent trends and proposed explanations. J. of Econ. Literature 30:133-1381.

  Lewontin, R. C. 1970. Race and intelligence. Bull. of the Atomic Scientists 26:2-8.

  Lewontin, R., Rose, S., and Kamin, L. 1984. Not in Our Genes. New York: Pantheon Books.

  Li, V. H. 1988. Asian discrimination: Fact or fiction? College Board Rev. 149: 20-32.

  Lichter, D. T., LeClere, E B., and McLaughlin, D. K. 1991. Local marriage markets and the marital behavior of black and white
women. Am. J. of Sociology 96:843-867.

  Liebmann, G. W. 1993. The AFDC conundrum: A new look at an old institution. Social Work 38:36-43.

  Linn, R. L. 1983. Predictive bias as an artifact of selection procedures. In Principles of Modern Psychological Measurement: A Festschrift for Frederic M. Lord. H. Wainer and S. Messick (eds.). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 27-40.

  Linn, R. L. 1986. Comments on the g factor in employment testing. J. of Vocational Behavior 29:438-44.

  Lippmann, W. 1922a. A future for the tests. New Republic (November 29): 9-10.

  Lippmann, W. 1922b. Public Opinion. New York: Macmillan.

  Lippmann, W. 1923. The great confusion. New Republic(January 3):145-146.

  Lippmann, W. 1955. Essays in the Public Philosophy. Boston: Little, Brown.

  Lipsitt, P.D. , Buka, S. L., and Lipsitt, L. P 1990. Early intelligence scores and subsequent delinquency: A prospective study. Am. J. of Family Therapy 18:197-208.

  Lloyd, D. 1990. Throwing stones in glass houses. California Monthly (September): 17, 19.

  Locke, J. 1689. Two Treatises of Government. 1960 ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.

  Locke, J. Essays. 1975 ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  Locurto, G. 1990. The malleability of IQ as judged from adoption studies. Intelligence 14:275-292.

  Locurto, C. 1991. Beyond IQ in preschool programs? Intelligence 15:295-312.

  Loehlin, J. C. 1992. Guttman on factor analysis and group differences: A comment. Multivariate Behavioral Research 27:235-237.

  Loehlin, J. C., Lindzey, G., and Spuhler, J. N. 1975. Race Differences in Intelligence. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.

  Lorge, I. 1942. The “last school grade completed” as an index of intellectual level. School and Society 56:529-531.

  Louchheim, K. (ed.). 1983. The Making of the New Deal: The Insiders Speak. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

  Loury, L. D., and Garman, D. 1993 a. Affirmative action in higher education. Am. Econ. Rev. 83:99-103.

  Loury, L. D., and Garman, D. 1993b. College selectivity and earnings. Medford, Mass.: Tufts University. Photocopy.

  Lukacs, J. 1986. Immigration and Migration—A Historical Perspective. Monograph Series, Paper 5. Monterey, Va.: American Immigration Control Foundation.

  Lundberg, S., and Plotnick, R. D. 1990. Adolescent premarital childbearing: Do opportunity costs matter? Discussion Paper 90-23. Seattle, Wash.: Institute for Economic Research, University of Washington.

  Luskin, R. C. 1990. Explaining political sophistication. Political Behavior 4:331-361.

  Luster, T., Rhoades, K., and Haas, B. 1989. The relation between parental values and parenting behavior: A test: of the Kohn hypothesis. J. of Marriage and the Family 51:138-147.

  Lynch, F. R. 1991. Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action. New York: Praeger.

  Lynn, M. 1989. Race differences in sexual behavior: A critique of Rushton and Bogaert’s evolutionary hypothesis. J. of Research in Personality 23:1-6.

  Lynn, R. 1977. The intelligence of the Japanese. Bull. of the British Psychological Society 30:69-72.

  Lynn, R. 1978. Ethnic and racial differences in intelligence: International comparisons. In Human Variation: The Biopsychology of Age, Race, and Sex. R. T Osborne, C. E. Noble, and N. Weyl (eds.). New York: Academic Press, pp. 261-286.

  Lynn, R. 1982. IQ in Japan and the United States shows a growing disparity. Nature 297:222-223.

  Lynn, R. 1987a. The intelligence of the mongoloids: A psychometric, evolutionary and neurological theory. Personality and Individual Differences 8:813-844.

  Lynn, R. 1987b. Japan: Land of the rising IQ: A reply to Flynn. Bull. of the British Psychological Society 40:464-468.

  Lynn, R. 1989. Positive correlations between head size and IQ. British J. of Educational Psych. 59:372-377.

  Lynn, R. 1990a. Differential rates of secular increase of five major primary abilities. Social Biology 37:137-141.

  Lynn, R. 1990b. The role of nutrition in secular increases in intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 3:273-285.

  Lynn, R. 1990c. Testosterone and gonadotropin levels and r/K reproductive strategies. Psychological Report 67:1203-1206.

  Lynn, R. 1991a. Comment on “Educational achievements of Asian Americans.” Am. Psychologist 46:875-876.

  Lynn, R. 1991b. The evolution of racial differences in intelligence. Mankind Quarterly 32:99-121.

  Lynn, R. 1991c. Race differences in intelligence: A global perspective. Mankind Quarterly 31:254-296.

  Lynn, R. 1992. Intelligence: Ethnicity and culture. In Cultural Diversity and the Schools. J. Lynch and C. Modgil (eds.). London: Falmer Press, pp. 361-387.

  Lynn, R. 1993a. Further evidence for the existence of race and sex differences in cranial capacity. Social Behavior and Personality 21:89-92.

  Lynn, R. 1993b. Oriental Americans: Their IQ, educational attainment and socio-economic status. Personality and Individual Differences 15:237-242.

  Lynn, R. In press. Some reinterpretations of the Minnesota Transracial Adoption study. Intelligence.

  Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. 1986a. Further evidence for secular increases in intelligence in Britain, Japan, and the United States. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:203-204.

  Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. 1986b. Intellectual abilities of Japanese children: An assessment of 2 ½-8 ½-year-olds derived from the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. Intelligence 10:41.

  Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. 1986c. The rise of national intelligence: Evidence from Britain, Japan, and the U.S.A. Personality and Individual Differences 7:23-32.

  Lynn, R., Hampson, S. L., and Iwawaki, S. 1987. Abstract reasoning and spatial abilities in American, British and Japanese adolescents. Mankind Quarterly 27:379-405.

  Lynn, R., and Hattori, K. 1990. The heritability of intelligence in Japan. Behavior Genetics 20:545-546.

  Lynn, R., Pagliari, C., and Chan, J. 1988. Intelligence in Hong Kong measured for Spearman’s gand the visuospatial and verbal primaries. Intelligence 12:423-433.

  Lynn, R., and Song, M. J. 1994. General intelligence, visuospatial and verbal abilities in Korean children. Personality and Individual Differences 16:363-364.

  McCall, R. B. 1977. Childhood IQ’s as predictors of adult educational and occupational status. Science 197:482-483.

  McCaLl, R. B. 1979. The development of intellectual functioning in infancy and the prediction of later IQ. In Handbook of Infant Development. J. D. Osofsky (ed.). New York: Wiley, pp. 707-741.

  McCaLl, R. B. 1987. Developmental function, individual differences, and the plasticity of intelligence. In The Malleability of Children. J. J. Gallagher and C. T. Ramey (eds.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, pp. 25-35.

  McClelland, D. C. 1973. Testing for competence rather than for “intelligence.” Am. Psychologist 28:1-14.

  McCornack, R. L. 1983. Bias in the validity of predicted college grades in four ethnic minority groups. Educational and Psychological Measurement 18:54-58.

  McDaniel, M. A., Schmidt, F. L., and Hunter, J. E. 1986. The Evaluation of a Causal Model of Job Performance: The Relationship of Job Experience and General Mental Ability to Job Performance. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

  McGue, M., and Lykken, D. T. 1992. Genetic influence on risk of divorce. Psychological Science 3:368-373.

  McGurk, F. C. J. 1951. Comparison of the Performance of Negro and White High School Seniors on Cultural and Noncultural Psychological Test Questions. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press.

  McGurk, F. C. J. 1953a. On white and Negro test performance and socioeconomic factors. J. of Abnormal Social Psych. 48:448-450.

  McGurk, F. C. J. 1953b. Socioeconomic status and culturally weighted test scores of Negro subjects. J. of Applied Psych. 37:276-277.

  McGurk, E C. J. 1967. The culture hypothesis and psychological tests. In Race and Modern Science, (ed.). New York: Social Science Press,
pp. 367-381.

  McKey, R. H. 1985. The Impact of Head Start on Children, Families, and Communities. A. N. Smith and S. S. Aitken (eds.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

  McKnight, C., et al. 1989. The Underachieving Curriculum: Assessing U.S. Mathematics from an International Perspective. Champaign, 111.: Stipes.

  McLanahan, S. S. 1988. Family structure and dependency: Early transitions to female household headship. Demography 25:1-16.

  McLanahan, S., and Bumpass, L. 1988. Intergenerational consequences of family disruption. Am. J. of Sociology 94:130-152.

  McLaughlin, D. H. 1977. Title I, 1965-1975: A Synthesis of the Findings of Federal Studies. Palo Alto, Cal.: American Institutes for Research.

  McLoyd, V. 1990. The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development 61:311-346.

  MacMahon, A. W., and Millett, J. D. 1939. Federal Administrators: A Biographical

  Approach to the Problem of Departmental Management. New York: Columbia University Press.

  Macphail, E. M. 1985. Comparative studies of animal intelligence: Is Spearman’s really Hull’s D? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:234-235.

  McShane, D., and Berry, J. W. 1988. Native North Americans: Indians and Inuit abilities. In Human Abilities in Cultural Context. S. H. Irvine and J. W. Berry (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 385-426.

  Madhere, S. 1989. Models of intelligence and the black intellect. J. of Negro Education 58:189-202.

  Maguire, T. 1992. My bout with affirmative action. Commentary (April): 50-52.

  Maier, M. H., and Hiatt, C. M. 1985. On the Content and Measurement Validity of Hands-OnJob Performance Tests. CRM 85-79.Washington, D.C.: Center for Naval Analyses.

  Maier, N. R. F., and Schneirla, T. C. 1935. Principies of Animal Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  Manchester, W. 1983. The Last Lion:Winston Spencer Churchill Boston: Little, Brown.

  Mangold, W. D., and Powell-Griner, E. 1991. Race of parents and infant birth-weight in the United States. Social Biology 38:13-27.

  Mare, R. D. 1991. Five decades of educational assortative mating. Am. Sociological Rev. 56:15-32.

 

‹ Prev