Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader
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Kim Jong-suk (wife of Kim Il-sung; mother of Kim Jong-il), 43, 186–187, 190, 204–205
Kim Jong-un (third son of Kim Jong-il), 700
Kim Ku (South Korean politician), 54
Kim Kwang-sop (Kim Il-sung’s son-in-law; ambassador), 190, 282
Kim Kwang-wook (Three Revolutions team; antique trader; defector), 273–274, 587–588
Kim Kyong-hui (younger sister of Kim Jong-il; Central Committee member), 187–188, 281, 687, 694
Kim Myong-chol (bodyguard; defector), 198, 201, 547–548, 582
Kim Myong-chol (Tokyo-based unofficial spokesman for regime), 279
Kim Nam-joon (KPA 2d lieutenant; defector), 392–396, 519–522, 527
Kim Ok-sun
Choe Gwang’s wife, 43
Kim Jong-il’s caregiver, 208
tapdancer in guerrilla zone, 43
women’s union chair, 44
Kim Pyong-il (Kim Jong-il’s stepbrother; ambassador), 190, 194, 206, 210, 281–282, 397, 507
Kim Sol-song (Kim Jong-il’s daughter), 692, 694, 702–704
Kim Song-ae (wife of Kim Il-sung), 187–188, 507, 547
as Kim Jong-il’s stepmother, 209–210
in succession struggle, 194, 237, 278, 280–282, 288, 293
Kim Song-ju. See Kim Il-sung: birth of, as Kim Song-ju
Kim To-man (propaganda, agitation secretary), 241–242
Kim Tu-bong (Yenan faction leader), 107
Kim Woo-choong (Daewoo chairman), 480, 481
Kim Yong-il (Kim Jong-il’s stepbrother), 206, 281, 282
Kim Yong-ju (younger brother of Kim Ilsung), 33, 136, 193–195
struggle with Kim Jong-il, 237–239, 277–278, 293
Kim Yong-nam (foreign affairs official; head of state), 147–150, 153, 341–342, 650
Kim Yong-suk (Kim Jong-il’s official wife), 687, 701–702
Kim Yong-sun (foreign affairs official), 201, 437, 510
Kim Young-sam (South Korean president), 98, 150, 489, 490, 510, 628
Kim Young-song (architect-engineer; defector), 198, 291–297, 318
Kim Yura. See Kim Jong-il
Kippeunjo. See Mansions Special Volunteer Corps
Ko Chung-song (commodities trader for historical preservation office; defector), 387–392, 585–586
Koizumi, Junichiro, 670
Korean People’s Army (KPA)
all-volunteer, 533
air force, pilots, 267
bad family background as bar to enlistment in, 301
boots, theft of due to scarcity, 519
capability, vs. South Korea and U.S., 413, 438–439, 514–515, 530, 635
“use it or lose it,” 665
Chinese civil war as training ground for, 83
commanded by Kim Jong-il, 483–485
dissidence in. See coup d’état
fighting spirit, morale, 385, 409–411, 413, 442, 458, 496, 512–542
compared with civilian morale, 516
sharpened by hardship, 530
food, 268, 516–518, 533–534
civilian supplies compared, 534
international aid donations, 623–624
malnutrition, undernourishment, 517, 533, 552–553
theft, robbery from civilians, 517–518, 529–530, 532
war reserves, diversion to peacetime use, 521, 533–534
(see also food: war reserves: deterrent value)
forward deployment, 436
founding of, 61–62
fraternization permitted between officers and enlisted, 519
fuel supply, 483, 491, 657
generals purged, 94
hawks and doves, among top brass, 673
home region, policy against service in, 529, 561
indoctrination, 410–412, 414–415
isolation from civilians, 410, 414, 514, 532
loss of hope upon returning home (1990s), 517
manpower, 98–99, 139, 149, 158
downsizing needed for economic reform to succeed, 667
materialism overtaking members, 518
mobilized for farming, 576
officer selection, training, 524, 534
party membership, 493, 524, 533
party political commissars, 520, 526
factionalism due to, 526
service affecting subsequent career, 231, 233, 423, 533
sex, 514, 521, 532
Sixth Corps, rumored coup attempt, 549–550
special forces, 414
training, rigor of, 519
uniforms, shortage, 519
war lust, 515, 530
Korean Residents in Japan, General Association of. See Chongryon
Korean War, 69–92
air power role in, 84–85, 94
armistice, 87
atrocities, 79, 85, 91
blaming South, U.S., as aggressors, 69, 71, 88, 337, 414
casualties of, 3, 77, 85, 87, 158
Chinese intervention in, 81–83
civilian victims of, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 85, 90, 529
comic books about, 75
disguise, of soldiers as civilians, 79–80, 83
“disregard for human life,” 76
“gooks,” 75
Heartbreak Ridge (Height 1211), 92
“hordes,” 83, 113
Inchon, 78–79, 90, 95
Kum River, 75, 78
“limited war,” 86, 87, 88
morale, 72, 85
Nakdong River, 77
North’s invasion plan for, 69
mock exercises as cover, 490
and nuclear weapons, 81, 85–86, 87, 90
occupation, effects on South, 89–91
origins of, 4, 115
outcome of, 4
“peace preservation corps,” 81
peace treaty, not achieved at Geneva, 100
“police action,” 86
Pusan, 75, 77
prisoners of war, 86
propaganda, 88–89
“rollback,” 86
scorched earth policy, 85
“Seoul City Sue,” 77
Sobaek Mountains, 78
song about, 4
surprise element in invasion, 71
Taejon, 75–77, 79
tanks in, 71, 76, 83
U.S. capability vs. intent, in Kim Il-sung’s invasion proposal, 68
victory claims, 88, 91–92
Koryo Hotel, 505, 691–692
Ko Yong-hui (dancer; wife of Kim Jong-il), 508, 689, 699–702
Ko Young-hwan (diplomat; defector), 372, 396–397, 490, 493, 509–510
Kumgang, Mount, 4, 5, 143
Hyundai resort and tours, 477–478, 480, 633–634, 638, 639–640, 670
Kwangju uprising (South Korea), 151–152, 561
labor
cheapness of, as lure to investors, 477, 638
shortage, 158
wage differentials, 160, 174
working hours, 469
land reform, 56–59, 81, 91, 102
language, Korean
North-South differences, 328, 332, 380
writing system, 58, 522–523
languages, foreign, 183–184, 423, 535
lebensraum, 410–411, 414–415
Lee Chong-guk (KPA sergeant; defector), 484, 486–488, 538, 548
Lee Hu-rak (South Korean CIA chief), 136
Lee Jong-chan (South Korean intelligence chief), 549, 574
Lee Jong-koo (South Korean defense minister), 445
Lee Ok-keum (homemaker), 121, 305–310, 316
Lee Soon-ok (prisoner; defector), 562–563, 611–615
Lee Woong-pyong (MIG pilot; defector), 265–269, 382
legal procedures, justice, individual rights, 567–575, 611–612, 613–614, 618
arrest procedures, correction of abuses in, 571
leniency increased, 565–566, 572
See also human rights; punishment; purges;
surveillance
leisure, play, 405, 406
L
enin, V. I., 23–24
Lewis, John W., 370, 667
LG (Lucky Goldstar), 485, 639
Li Il-nam (first cousin of Kim Jong-nam), 686–688, 693
assassination, 695
defection, 693
Li Jong-ok (prime minister; economist), 155, 506
Li Nam-ok (first cousin of Kim Jong-nam), 687–693
defection of, 691, 693
Lim Young-sun (KPA lieutenant; defector), 483–484, 491, 493, 543–547, 550, 571
literacy, 58–59
literature, 170, 172, 306, 352–353
living standards, 301–308, 335, 453, 463, 482
Logan, Col. Edward O’Neal, 75–84, 87, 495
logging and mining in Russian Far East, 402–425, 480, 678
Luck, Gen. Gary, 676
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 79, 82, 85
machinery
heavy, 104, 107
high-tech, 347
Japan competition envisioned, 97
machine tools, 159, 177, 348
See also industry
Manchuria (Northeast China)
banditry in, 34, 40–41
Korean migration to, 16–17
warlords in, 17, 21, 27, 28
Mangyongdae
Kim Il-sung’s ancestral home at, 7, 33, 189, 205
Mangyongdae Revolutionary School, 189, 191, 471–472
Kim Jong-il and, 191, 208, 239, 372, 383–384, 471
Mansfield, Mike, 138
mansions, palaces and villas, 196–198, 277, 294–295, 322, 499, 507, 687, 689
Mansions Special Volunteer Corps, 198–202, 275, 277, 309–310, 312–316, 318, 340, 356, 580
Mao Zedong
and Korean War, 66–68, 78, 81–82
Lin Biao case, as cautionary lesson to Kim Il-sung on succession, 192
“people’s war,” as Kim Il-sung model, 98
sex life compared with Kim Il-sung’s, 199
“march of hardship” (term for 1990s hard times), 517, 573
markets, 404–405
farmers’, 104, 359, 662
Pyongyang, 667
M*A*S*H, 86
mass mobilization, 154–155, 272, 322, 335, 474
McCarthy, Sen. Joseph, 74
migration
to North Korea, 91
to South Korea, 57, 90
ideological conformity resulting, 91
labor shortage and, 158
militarism
in children’s play, 689
costs to economic development, living standards, 124, 133, 396, 449, 505
defensive, offensive motivations, 124, 126–127
domestic opposition to, 243
Kim Il-sung renunciation of, just before
death, 506
1960s beginning, 121
1970s, 133
military budget, 99, 368, 455–456
military dictatorship, under Kim Jong-il, 485
“military-first” ideology, 516
Communist Manifesto jettisoned in, 665–666
offering guns and butter, 656
military-industrial complex
North Korean, 666
U.S., 84
militia, 99
minerals, 51, 58, 63–64, 124, 176, 366. See also energy; gold; uranium
mines and mine workers, 303, 388, 412, 429, 503, 505, 559, 561, 563, 567, 569
assignment of discharged infantrymen, 527, 530
as source of armed uprising, 527
missiles, North Korean, 635–637
comprehensive agreement, 658–659
opposed by U.S. advocates of Star Wars, 659
exports for foreign currency, 658
long-range, 635, 639
as negotiating card, 636
nuclear-capable, 445–446, 495
model workers. See Stakhanovism
money, heightened lust for, 518
Moon Ik-hwan (South Korean dissident), 625
Moranbong watch factory, 182
Mun Il-bong (finance minister), 661
museums, 8, 126, 327, 330, 353–355
music, 170–172
opera, 253–254
rock, 172, 356, 432
South Korean songs, 331, 432
Myohyang, Mount, 353, 506
Nam Chung (banished to mining camp; defector), 564–565, 621–625
Namsan School, 211–212, 383–384, 471
national character, 8, 19, 220, 257, 343, 344, 370–371, 544, 550, 561. see also Confucianism; face; xenophobia
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 86
neutralization, of Korean Peninsula, 99, 100, 149
news media, 6, 219, 227, 368, 523
silenced by energy shortage, 517
Nixon, Richard M., 137
Non-Aligned Movement, 137
North-South talks
July 4, 1972, joint communiqué, 137
June 2000 summit, 634, 646, 648–652, 655
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
withdrawal from, 488
nuclear umbrella
Russian, 123, 124, 444
U.S., 113, 443, 457
nuclear weapons, U.S., 114, 436, 513
capability as threat, 98, 125, 411, 437, 443–444, 664–665
in Pueblo crisis, 129, 131
removal, 442–446
See also Korean War: nuclear weapons
nuclear weapons development
crisis of early 1990s, 369, 435–446, 450–452, 456–458
external investment, economic cooperation, blocked due to, 481, 485, 501
delivery systems, 495
as deterrent, 439, 483, 486, 671
compensating for conventional forces cuts, 667
freeze agreement (1994–95), 496–497, 510, 635
inspections, international, 488
as negotiating card, 442, 444
and nuclear nonproliferation structure, 439
preemptive/preventive strike targeting, 444–445, 676
mentioned by U.S. defense secretary, 494
as reunification dowry, 445, 671
Russian freelance scientists’ assistance, 495
second crisis, 657, 659–660, 671–672
“semi-war” footing (1993), 486, 491–492
O Baek-ryong (bodyguard chief; partisan), 239
Obuchi, Keizo, 636
O Guk-ryol (KPA general staff chief), 471
Oh Young-nam (State Security captain; defector), 505–507, 547–548, 691–692
O Jin-u, Marshal, 52, 416, 484, 505, 507
Kim Jong-il’s succession and, 277–278, 293, 491
family’s predicted role in any coup, 521
okwa. See Mansions Special Volunteer Corps
old age and retirement, 159–160
O Mi-ran (actress), 319
one-man rule, 107
Paektu, Mount, 18
as holy mountain of revolution, 7, 233, 349
pilgrimages, tourism, 215
Paek Tu-chin (South Korean prime minister), 99
Pak Hon-yong (communist leader from the South), 55, 72, 82, 95, 213, 301
Pak Nam-ki (chief economic planner), 660
Pak Pong-ju (prime minister), 663
Pak Song-chol (Kim Il-sung’s relative by
marriage; vice-president), 137, 154, 277, 506
Pak Su-hyon (bodyguard; defector), 198, 200, 316, 426–434
pangchang. See music: opera
Park Chung-hee (South Korean president)
assassination of, 151
background in Japanese military, 121
calls for three-way peace talks, 150
as coup leader, major general, 120
human rights and democracy record, 148
as model for economic developers in North, 483, 648, 667, 672–674
Park Geun-hye (daughter of Park Chunghee), 648
partisans (Manchuria guerrilla faction)
economic policies of, 120
educational deficiencies of, 96, 107
loyalty to Kim Il-sung, 95–96<
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memoirs banned, 242
Panmunjom, 9, 87. See also Demilitarized Zone (DMZ); Pueblo incident
pellagra, 103, 469