The Strangest Family

by Janice Hadlow

  22. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 29.

  23. Ibid., p. 28.

  24. Ibid., p. 12.

  25. Jesse, Life and Reign of George III, I, p. 88.

  26. Walter Sichel (ed.), The Glenbervie Journals (London, 1910), pp. 119–20.

  27. Sedgwick, ‘Marriage of George III’, p. 376.

  28. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 14.

  29. Jesse, Life and Reign of George III, I, p. 94.

  30. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 32.

  31. Ibid., p. 36.

  32. Ibid., pp. 30–31.

  33. Ibid., p. 28.

  34. Horace Walpole to George Montagu, 10 July 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, IX, p. 376.

  35. Fitzgerald, Good Queen Charlotte, p. 22.

  36. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 56.

  37. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 32.

  38. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 58.

  39. Horace Walpole to George Montagu, 22 July 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, IX, p. 378.

  40. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 28.

  41. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 19.

  42. Ibid., p. 39.

  43. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 38. Horace Walpole to the Earl of Strafford, no date (summer 1761), Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXV, p. 309.

  44. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 40.

  45. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 115.

  46. Horace Walpole to the Earl of Strafford, no date, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXV, p. 309.

  47. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 41.

  48. Doran, Lives of the Queens of England, II, p. 14.

  49. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 115.

  50. Ibid.

  51. Horace Walpole to Horace Mann, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, V, p. 359.

  52. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 115.

  53. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 44.

  54. Ibid.

  55. Ibid., p. 46.

  56. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 117.

  57. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 32.

  58. Horace Walpole to Horace Mann, 10 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXI, p. 528.

  59. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 115.

  60. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 32.

  61. Ibid., p. 34.

  62. Ibid.

  63. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 9 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 115.

  64. Horace Walpole to George Montagu, 24 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, IX, p. 386.

  65. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 51.

  66. Horace Walpole to George Montagu, 24 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, IX, p. 386.

  67. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 52.

  68. Peter Quennell (ed.), Memoirs of William Hickey (London, 1975), p. 18.

  69. Ibid., pp. 18–19.

  70. Horace Walpole to H. S. Conway, 25 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 119.

  71. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 37.

  72. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 53.

  73. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 62.

  Chapter 5 – A Modern Marriage

  1. Francis Bickley (ed.), The Diaries of Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie (2 vols, London, 1928,), II, p. 81.

  2. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, IV, p. 18.

  3. Home (ed.), Coke, III, p. 52.

  4. Walpole to H. S. Conway, 16 June 1768, quoted in Dictionary of National Biography.

  5. Amanda Vickery, Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England (London, 2009), p. 82.

  6. Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage (London, 1977), p. 218.

  7. Amanda Vickery, The Gentleman’s Daughter (London, 1998), p. 40.

  8. Elizabeth Anson and Florence Anson (eds), Mary Hamilton at Court and Home from Letters and Diaries (London, 1925), p. 280.

  9. Stone, Family, Sex and Marriage, p. 219.

  10. Vickery, Behind Closed Doors, p. 147.

  11. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 62.

  12. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 17.

  13. Ibid., p. 43.

  14. Stone, Family, Sex and Marriage, p. 220.

  15. Horace Walpole to the Countess of Ailesbury, 27 September 1761, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 124.

  16. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 41.

  17. Ibid., p. 43.

  18. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 132n.

  19. Ibid., p. 125.

  20. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 45.

  21. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 126.

  22. Home (ed.), Coke, III, p. 242.

  23. Horace Walpole to George Montagu, 25 May 1762, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, X, p. 33.

  24. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 71.

  25. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 93.

  26. Ibid., p. 101.

  27. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, pp. 83–84.

  28. Emily Climenson (ed.), Passages from the Diaries of Mrs Philip Lybbe Powys (London, 1899), p. 116.

  29. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, pp. 78–79.

  30. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 71.

  31. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 71.

  32. Ibid., p. 68.

  33. Ibid., p. 105.

  34. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 79.

  35. Jesse, Life and Reign of George III, I, p. 147.

  36. Hibbert, George III, p. 89.

  37. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. lxi.

  38. Ibid., p. 196.

  39. Ibid., p. 166.

  40. Jesse, Life and Reign of George III, I, p. 134.

  41. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, pp. 255–56.

  42. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, I, p. 196.

  43. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 208.

  44. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, I, p. 15.

  45. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 193.

  46. Horace Walpole to the Earl of Hertford, 29 December 1763, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 272.

  47. Francis A. Steuart (ed.), The Last Journals of Horace Walpole (2 vols, London, 1910), II, pp. 64–65.

  48. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, II, p. 5.

  49. Earl of Malmesbury (ed.), The Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury (3 vols, London, 1844), III, pp. 154–55.

  50. Home (ed.), Coke, III, p. 65.

  51. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 43.

  52. Queen Charlotte to Lady Harcourt, 22 April 1813, in William Harcourt (ed.), The Harcourt Papers (14 vols, privately printed, 1880–1905), VI.

  53. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 65.

  54. Queen Charlotte to Lady Harcourt, 22 April 1813, Harcourt Papers, VI.

  55. Mrs Papendiek, Court and Private Life in the Time of Queen Charlotte, ed. Mrs V. Delves Broughton (2 vols, London, 1887), I, p. 14.

  56. Ibid., p. 17.

  57. Ibid.

  58. Horace Walpole to the Earl of Hertford, 27 August 1764, Yale Edition of Walpole’s Correspondence, XXXVIII, p. 428.

  59. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, I, p. 15.

  60. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 79.

  61. Mrs Harcourt, Diary of the Court of King George III, Miscellanies of the Philobiblon Society, XIII (London, 1871), p. 43.

  62. Ibid., pp. 44–45.

  63. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 47.

  64. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters,
p. 99.

  65. Harcourt, Court of King George, pp. 45–46.

  66. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 62.

  Chapter 6 – Fruitful

  1. Paget Toynbee (ed.), The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Oxford (16 vols, Oxford, 1903–05), V, p. 106.

  2. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 68.

  3. Vickery, Gentleman’s Daughter, p. 98.

  4. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 68.

  5. Vickery, Gentleman’s Daughter, p. 95.

  6. Wendy Moore, The Knife Man (London, 2005). This is the fullest account of William Hunter’s career.

  7. William Hunter, ‘Journal of Attendance on Her Majesty Queen Charlotte as Physician Extraordinary’, p. 7, Hunterian Collection, University of Glasgow.

  8. Ibid., pp. 11–12.

  9. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 48.

  10. Hunter, ‘Journal’, p. 12.

  11. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 48.

  12. Hunter, ‘Journal’, p. 14.

  13. Ibid., pp. 23–25.

  14. Sedgwick (ed.), Letters, p. 134.

  15. Hunter, ‘Journal’, pp. 32–33.

  16. Ibid., pp. 38–39.

  17. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 19 March 1776, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

  18. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 29 August 1779, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  19. Home (ed.), Coke, I, p. 58.

  20. Ibid., p. 54.

  21. Ibid., p. 402.

  22. Ibid., p. 414.

  23. Queen Charlotte to Lady Harcourt, 31 August 1807, Harcourt Ms., Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.

  24. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 105.

  25. Randolph Trumbach, The Rise of the Egalitarian Family (New York, 1978), p. 186.

  26. Tillyard, Aristocrats, p. 244.

  27. Jill Shefrin, Such Constant Affectionate Care (Los Angeles, 2003), p. 12.

  28. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, no date (1776), Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  29. Thomas Gisborne, An Enquiry into the Duties of the Female Sex (London, 1797), p. 363.

  30. Tillyard, Aristocrats, p. 233.

  31. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 46.

  32. Home (ed.), Coke, I, p. 243.

  33. Christopher Lloyd, ‘King, Queen and Family’, in Jane Roberts (ed.), George III and Queen Charlotte: Patronage, Collecting and Court Taste (London, 2004), p. 28.

  34. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, I, p. 227.

  35. Mme D’Arblay, Diary and Letters of Mme D’Arblay, ed. Charlotte Barrett (4 vols, London, 1854), II, p. 40.

  36. Mrs Delany, The Autobiography and Correspondence of Mary Granville, Mrs Delany, ed. Lady Llanover (3 vols, London, 1861), II, p. 473.

  37. Ibid., III, p. 308.

  38. Schefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 40.

  39. Vickery, Gentleman’s Daughter, p. 123.

  40. Anon., George III: His Court and Family (2 vols, London, 1824), I, p. 422.

  41. Papendiek, Court and Private Life, I, p. 119.

  42. Dorothy Margaret Stuart, The Daughters of George III (London, 1939), p. 205.

  43. Watkins, Memoirs of Sophia Charlotte, p. 189.

  44. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 3.

  45. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 97.

  46. Home (ed.), Coke, IV, p. 103.

  47. Papendiek, Court and Private Life, I, p. 47.

  Chapter 7 – Private Lives

  1. Walpole to H. S. Conway, 5 July 1740, quoted in Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 30.

  2. Ibid.

  3. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 13.

  4. Diary of Lady Charlotte Finch, 22 July 1765, DG7, Leicester Record Office.

  5. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 44.

  6. Ibid.

  7. Papendiek, Court and Private Life, I, p. 41.

  8. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 63.

  9. A. Aspinall (ed.), The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales, 1770–1812 (8 vols, Oxford, 1963–71), I, p. 4.

  10. Home (ed.), Coke, IV, p. 378.

  11. D’Arblay, Diary and Letters, II, p. 600.

  12. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 48.

  13. Diary of Lady Finch, 1 March 1765, DG7, Leicester Record Office.

  14. Home (ed.), Coke, II, p. 205.

  15. Ibid., p. 387.

  16. Ibid., p. 435.

  17. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 196.

  18. Ibid., p. 195.

  19. Ibid., p. 205.

  20. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 111.

  21. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, IV, p. 271.

  22. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 111.

  23. Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George III, ed. Jarrett, IV,p. 271.

  24. Papendiek, Court and Private Life, I, p. 49.

  25. Ibid., p. 52.

  26. Ibid., p. 77.

  27. D’Arblay, Diary and Letters, II, p. 95.

  28. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 114.

  29. Papendiek, Court and Private Life, I, pp. 74, 49.

  30. Ibid., pp. 93–94.

  31. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 18 May 1776, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  32. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 20 July 1777, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  33. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 9 July 1776, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  34. Roberts (ed.), George III and Queen Charlotte, p. 133.

  35. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 6 July 1779, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  36. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 23 July 1779, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  37. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 6 July 1779, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  38. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 117.

  39. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 20 July 1776, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  40. D’Arblay, Diary and Letters, II, p. 49.

  41. Queen Charlotte to Lady Harcourt, 2 September 1798, Harcourt Ms.

  42. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 114.

  43. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 20 January 1776, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  44. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 29 December 1776 and 28 April and 13 June 1777, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  45. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 5 March 1776, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  46. Ibid.

  47. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 18 May 1778, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  48. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 115.

  49. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 6 September 1780, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  50. Ibid.

  51. Ibid.

  52. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 14 January 1780, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  53. Queen Charlotte to Mary Hamilton, 23 June 1780, Mary Hamilton Ms., John Rylands Library, University of Manchester.

  54. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 2 May 1777, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  55. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 17 October 1778, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  56. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 114.

  Chapter 8 – A Sentimental Education

  1. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, pp. 11–12.

  2. Watkins, Memoirs of Sophia Charlotte, p. 238.

  3. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 9 July 1782, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  4. Flora Fraser, Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III (London, 2004), p. 36.

  5. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 4.

  6. Diary of Lady Finch, 10 November 1764, DG7, Leicester Record Office.

  7. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 57.

  8. Home (ed.), Coke, II, p. 363.

  9. Ibid., III, p. 81.

  10. Ibid., I, p. 30.

  11. Ibid., IV, p. 430.

  12. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, pp. 11–12.

  13. Steven Parissien, George IV: The Grand Entertainment (London, 2001), p. 20.
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  14. Augusta Murray, Recollections (London, 1868), p. 69.

  15. Hibbert, George III, p. 101.

  16. A. Aspinall (ed.), The Later Correspondence of George III (5 vols, Cambridge, 1966–70), I, p. xvi.

  17. Ibid., p. 273.

  18. Shefrin, Constant Affectionate Care, p. 62.

  19. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 5.

  20. Bullion, ‘George, Be a King!’, p. 189n.

  21. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 5.

  22. Bullion, ‘George, Be a King!’, p. 189n.

  23. Ibid., p. 191n.

  24. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 5.

  25. Bullion, ‘George, Be A King!’, p. 191n.

  26. Home (ed.), Coke, IV, p. 178.

  27. Watkins, Memoirs of Sophia Charlotte, p. 251.

  28. Home (ed.), Coke, I, p. 30n.

  29. Watkins, Memoirs of Sophia Charlotte, p. 250.

  30. Home (ed.), Coke, IV, pp. 180–81.

  31. Hibbert, George III, p. 101.

  32. Greig (ed.), Diaries of a Duchess, p. 196.

  33. Parissien, George IV, p. 21.

  34. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 33.

  35. Malmesbury (ed.), Diaries and Correspondence, II, p. 124.

  36. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 33.

  37. Home (ed.), Coke, II, p. 205.

  38. Parissien, George IV, p. 24.

  39. Papendiek, Court and Private Life, I, p. 132.

  40. Anson and Anson (eds), Mary Hamilton, pp. 83–84.

  41. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 6.

  42. Ibid., p. 18.

  43. Ibid., p. 26.

  44. Ibid., p. 28.

  45. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 1 June 1779, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  46. Queen Charlotte to Prince Charles, 3 October 1780, Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin.

  47. Aspinall (ed.), Prince of Wales, I, p. 41n.

  48. Anson and Anson (eds), Mary Hamilton, p. 16.

  49. Lady Louisa Stuart, The Letters of Lady Louisa Stuart, ed. R. Brimley Johnson (London, 1926), p. 212.

  50. Clarissa Campbell Orr, ‘Queen Charlotte, Scientific Queen’, in Clarissa Campbell Orr (ed.), Queenship in Britain 1660–1837 (Manchester, 2002), p. 250. This essay contains by far the fullest and most illuminating account of the Harcourt family and their milieu.

  51. Delany, Autobiography and Correspondence, II, pp. 370–71.

  52. Elizabeth, Countess Harcourt, ‘Memoirs of the Years 1788 and 1789’, Harcourt Papers, IV, p. 77.

  53. D’Arblay, Diary and Letters, II, p. 50.

  54. Harcourt, ‘Memoirs of the Years 1788 and 1789’, p. 77.

  55. D’Arblay, Diary and Letters, II, p. 24.

  56. Ibid., p. 209.