The Strangest Family
Page 91
Gibbon, Edward, 281
Gillray, James: caricatures of George III, 420, 497
Girle, Caroline, 167
girls: education, 231–2, 249, 256–7, 262–3
Gisborne, Thomas, 199, 201
Glasgow: expansion, 7
Glenbervie, Catherine Anne, Lady, 566
Glenbervie, Sylvester Douglas, Baron: on Queen Charlotte’s arrival in England, 140; on Lady Harcourt, 311; on Prince of Wales’s ill conduct, 459; describes Princess Mary, 474; on Princess Sophia’s illegitimate child, 483–4, 486–8, 491–2; on Princess Sophia’s demeanour, 490; on George III’s second illness and recovery, 498–501; on rift between George and Charlotte, 501, 509; on George’s visit to Caroline, 502; sees George at Weymouth, 504; on Amelia’s romance with Fitzroy, 523–4; on Queen Charlotte’s temper, 530
Glorious Revolution (1688), 18, 50, 274
Gloucester, Maria, Duchess of (earlier Countess Waldegrave), 341–2
Gloucester, Prince William, Duke of (Queen Anne’s son), 18
Gloucester, William, Duke of (Frederick–Augusta’s son): upbringing, 100–1; on father’s warning Charlotte to avoid Dowager Princess Augusta, 175; on George III’s voluntary isolation, 179; and George III’s anger at Cumberlands’ marriage, 339; secret marriage to Lady Waldegrave, 340–2, 346; and princesses’ marriage prospects, 344–6, 349–50
Gloucester, William Frederick, 2nd Duke of, 476, 586–9
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: The Sorrows of Young Werther, 325
Goldsworthy, Martha (‘Gooly’), 259, 268, 271, 293, 343, 366–7, 406
Goldsworthy, General (earlier Colonel) Philip, 323–4, 360–1, 369, 375, 377, 418, 419
Gomme, Jane, 521–2, 525–6
Gordon Riots (1780), 204
Gower, Susannah, Countess, 349
Grabow, Mme de, 137
Graeme, Colonel David, 138–41, 144
Grafton, Anne, Duchess of (later Ossory), 155–6
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of, 108, 155–6, 161
Graham family, 193
Gray, Thomas, 153
Grenville, George, 276
Grenville, William, 359, 392
Greville, Charles, 486–8
Greville, Robert Fulke: on George III’s illness, 375–80, 383–5, 395–8, 403; and Dr Willis’s treatment and assessment of George, 387–8, 395; and Charlotte’s censorship of George’s medical bulletins, 391; on Charlotte’s visits to sick George, 398–400, 403; and George’s fixed chair, 402; and George’s recovery, 404–6; and Prince of Wales’s meeting with father after recovery, 408; on Prince of Wales’s behaviour during father’s illness, 409; visits Weymouth with royal family, 419–22, 424
Grey, Charles, 2nd Earl, 155
Grosvenor, Richard, 1st Earl, 339
Guiffardière, Revd Charles de, 255, 258
habeas corpus: suspended, 433
Hagerdorn, Johanna, accompanies Charlotte to England, 144
Halford, Dr Henry: treats royal family, 531–3, 537, 539, 544, 560; as family confidante and adviser, 539, 561; Sophia’s attachment to, 561–3; and Princess Charlotte’s marriage prospects, 574; treats Queen Charlotte, 597; on Queen Charlotte’s decline, 602; sees George III in late illness, 609
Ham family (Somerset farmers), 420 –1
Ham, Elizabeth, 421, 423, 483–4, 491–2
Hamilton, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 145–7
Hamilton, Mary (later Dickenson): as governess to George III–Charlotte’s daughters, 250, 264–71, 605; resigns, 271–2, 319; and Queen Charlotte’s reaction to son Alfred’s death, 293; learns of death of Prince Octavius, 294
Hamilton, Sir William, 264
Hamley, William, 196
Handel, George Frederick: George II patronises, 29; George III discusses, 403; See, the Conquering Hero Comes, 92; Zadok the Priest, 45
Hanover, 17, 19, 53–4
Hanoverian dynasty: behaviour, 14–15
Harcourt, Elizabeth, Countess (née Vernon): and Prince Ernest, 43–4; on Queen Charlotte’s politeness, 176; on Queen Charlotte’s conversation and interests, 253, 255; on Charlotte’s reserve, 269, 350; as favourite of Charlotte, 311, 316; relations with princesses, 313–14, 343; and Princess Elizabeth’s ebullience, 331–2; and George III’s illness, 356–7, 359–66; and George’s confession to Princess Royal and Augusta, 363; on Dr Warren’s treatment of George, 368; and rumours of George’s death, 371; Prince of Wales denies admission during George’s illness, 374; on George’s treatment, 379–80; and Dr Willis’s methods, 388; and Willis’s dispute with Charlotte over medical bulletin, 394–5; on Charlotte’s meeting with sick George, 397, 401; on George’s recovery, 405; and national economic difficulties, 432–3; letters from Princess Elizabeth, 435; on Lady Augusta Murray, 441; and Princess Royal’s marriage to Frederick, 469; and Princess Sophia’s low spirits, 482; and Princess Sophia’s illegitimate child, 487–8; and George’s second illness, 505; and Charlotte’s life during George’s second illness, 510, 513; and Princess Elizabeth’s frustration, 515; and Princess Elizabeth’s fondness for Lord St Helens, 520; and George’s final illness, 536–7, 542; and Charlotte’s sympathy for the poor, 546; and economies at Charlotte’s court, 549; and Princess Augusta’s affair with Spencer, 557; and Elizabeth’s view of niece Charlotte, 570; and Princess Mary’s marriage, 588, 590; Queen Charlotte’s affection for, 605
Harcourt, George, 2nd Earl, 310–16, 401, 513
Harcourt, Mary, 180
Harcourt, Simon, 1st Earl, 102, 103, 141, 143, 146, 310, 333
Harcourt, Mrs William, 332, 334, 344, 382, 408, 423–5, 463, 493
Harcourt, General William, 375, 377, 381, 383, 463
Hardenberg, Countess von, 297–9
Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of, 64
Harrington, Caroline, Countess of, 147
Hawkins, Dr, 89
Hayter, Thomas, Bishop of Norwich, 102–3
Heberden, Dr William, 530, 537, 540–2
Henry, Prince of Wales (James I’s son), 373
Hervey, John, Baron: on George I’s view of son George, 27; on George II’s soldierly interests, 28, 33; on George’s attitude to money, 33; changes pictures at Kensington Palace, 34; and Caroline’s devotion to George II, 42; as vice-chamberlain to George II, 45, 47; friendship with Caroline, 46, 49, 55, 63; sexuality, 46, 62; journal and memoirs, 47; on George II’s correspondence with Caroline, 54; George II criticises, 56; wins over Prince Frederick, 60–1; affair with Stephen Fox, 61, 122; breach with Frederick over Anne Vane, 62–3; on inadequacy of Prince Frederick’s allowance, 64; and George II–Caroline’s hostility to son, 65, 71–2, 77; and Frederick’s associating with servants, 66–7; on Princess Augusta’s marriage to Frederick, 67–8; and Caroline’s interest in Frederick’s supposed impotence, 69; young Princess Caroline’s infatuation with, 71; and expulsion of Frederick from royal palaces, 72–3; on royal family’s reaction to illnesses, 73; and Caroline’s illness and death, 74–5, 77; on Augusta’s passivity, 94
Hervey, Molly, 61
Hesse, Captain Charles, 573, 579–80
Hickey, William, 151–2
Hippesley, John Coxe, 465
Hogarth, William, 80, 193
Holdernesse, Robert d’Arcy, 4th Earl of, 232, 258
Hood, Admiral Samuel, 1st Viscount, 246
Howard, Lady Frances, 327
Hunter, Richard see Macalpine, Ida and Richard Hunter
Hunter, Dr William, 185–9, 200, 217
Huntingdon, Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of, 187
Hurd, Richard, Bishop of Lichfield (later of Worcester), 240
income tax: introduced (1799), 496
India: French withdraw from, 2
Jacobites: oppose Hanoverian succession, 18; rising and defeat (1745–6), 91
James I, King, 373
Jenner, Edwin, 210
Jerningham, Frances, Lady, 447
Jersey, Frances, Countess of, 448–9, 456, 459, 461–2
Jersey, George Bussy Villiers, 4th Earl of, 365<
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Johnson, Mrs (midwife), 190
Johnson, Samuel: on London, 5; on trade, 7; praises Fanny Burney’s Evelina, 318; acquaintance with Fanny Burney, 320
Jonson, Ben: mourns death of son, 195
Jordan, Dorothea, 355, 612
Keate, Dr Thomas, 478–9
Kendal, Melusina von Schulenberg, Duchess of, 22, 26
Kent, Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of (George III–Charlotte’s son): birth, 190; childhood, 192; early speaking, 231; sent to live abroad, 248, 304; unhappiness in Geneva, 304; on paternity of Sophia’s illegitimate child, 490; refuses to admit Willises to Kew, 504; and father’s second illness, 507, 508; meets Louis Philippe, 516; final meeting with sister Amelia, 533; on sister Sophia’s depression, 560; liaison with Mme de St Laurent, 594; daughter Victoria succeeds to throne, 612; father lectures, 615; fondness for sister Sophia, 817
Kent, William, 82, 84, 151
Kérouaille, Louise de (Duchess of Portsmouth), 120
Kew: Caroline of Ansbach develops garden, 32, 82, 217; Frederick and Augusta lay out gardens, 82; Frederick at, 84; George III and Charlotte at, 150, 214–18, 238; George III’s sons cultivate plots at, 238; Charlotte develops garden, 254; Mary Hamilton at, 265; George III moved to during illness, 381–6; Queen Charlotte spends last days in, 602
Kildare, Emily, Countess of (née Lennox), 120–1, 125–6, 147, 192, 197–8, 200
Knight, Cornelia, 536, 568, 571, 576, 599–600
Königsmark, Count Philip von, 22–4
Krohme, Anne Dorothée, 258, 269
Ladies’ Poetical Magazine, 255
Landmann, Captain, 484
La Rochefoucauld, François de, duc de, 162–3, 168
Lawrence, Thomas, 412–13, 485, 564
Lee, Richard: King Killing, 496
Leibniz, Gottfried, 33–5
Leicester House, London, 79–80, 86
Lennox, Lady Louisa, 120
Lennox, Lady Sarah: George III’s infatuation with, 120, 122–5, 130, 132, 173, 287; background and character, 121–2; and George’s marriage to Charlotte, 143; mistaken for Queen, 150; on Bute’s unpopularity, 171; Princess Augusta criticises, 175
Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg (later King of the Belgians): courtship and marriage to Princess Charlotte, 581–5; and Charlotte’s death and burial, 593–4, 611
letter-writing, 312
Lieven, Princess Dorothea, 594
Linnaeus, Carolus, 254
Liotard, Jean-Etienne, 11–12, 96
Liverpool: and slave trade, 6; expansion, 7
Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of, 607
Locke, John: Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 196, 202, 226
London: life and activities, 5–6; size and population, 5; in Gordon Riots, 204–5
London Corresponding Society, 431
Louis XVI, King of France, 428, 429–30, 435
Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans (later King of the French), 516–20, 597
Louisa, Princess (Frederick–Augusta’s daughter): death, 99
Louisa, Princess (George II–Caroline’s daughter): birth, 42
Ludwigsburg, Württemberg, 468–9
Lyndhurst, Hampshire, 417
Macalpine, Ida and Richard Hunter: George III and the Mad-Business, 373
McBride, Admiral John, 424
Macmahon, Colonel John, 507
Majendie, Dr Henry, 367
Malmesbury, James Harris, 1st Earl of, 451–4, 456, 459–60, 474, 498–500, 504, 509
Manningham, Sir Richard, 184
Maria Amalia, Queen of Louis Philippe of France, 519
Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, 270
Marie Antoinette, Queen of Louis XVI of France, 269, 428, 430
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of, 28
Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, 27, 46
marriage: attitudes to, 154–61
Mary, Princess (George II–Caroline’s daughter): birth, 42; childhood, 192; portrayed as child, 203; fondness for Lady Charlotte Finch, 209; childhood illness, 267
Mary, Princess (George III–Charlotte’s daughter; later Duchess of Gloucester): birth, 11, 191; fondness for father, 205; Fanny Burney on as child, 328; piano playing and singing, 335; and father’s first illness, 380; visits sick father, 403–4; dislikes Weymouth, 425; marriage prospects, 439; on birth of Prince of Wales’s daughter, 458; upbringing and education, 473; appearance and character, 474–6; affection for brother George, 476; closeness to sister Amelia, 476; as family peacemaker, 477; on General Garth, 486; accompanies parents to Battersea, 501; and father’s second illness, 505, 514; accompanies sister Amelia to Weymouth, 528–30; on Amelia’s illness, 530; at Amelia’s death, 533–4; and father’s final illness, 537, 544; visits father in final illness, 543; and prospect of independence, 549; insists on independence for princesses, 550–2; escorts niece Charlotte on London excursions, 553; and niece Charlotte, 570–1; comforts niece Charlotte, 578; and niece Charlotte’s account of relations with Captain Hesse, 579–80; and niece Charlotte’s attachment to Leopold, 582; marriage to Gloucester, 585–9; visits niece Charlotte and Leopold at Claremont, 585; bad relations with mother, 587; and sister Elizabeth’s marriage, 596; with dying mother, 603; on mother’s qualities, 604; on disposal of mother’s possessions, 607; sister Charlotte visits in old age, 617
Mary Queen of Scots, 373
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 136, 143–4
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duchess of (Charlotte’s mother) see Elizabeth Albertine
Meen, Margaret, 336
Melbourne, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount, 248
middle class: prosperity, 9
Middlesex, Grace, Countess of, 81
midwives: male and female, 183–6
Milman, Sir Francis, 526
Minto, Gilbert Elliot, Baron (later 1st Earl of), 357, 370–1, 381, 392, 394, 397, 407–8, 411, 457
Montagu, Elizabeth, 129, 252, 318
Montagu, George Brudenell, Duke of, 239
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 4, 46, 60
Moore, Jane, 606
Moore, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 370, 456
More, Hannah, 226, 234, 318
Morning Herald (newspaper), 364
Moula, Suzanne, 481
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 164
Munchausen, Baron, 130–4, 138, 141–2
Murray, Lady Augusta: marriage to Prince Augustus and annulment, 440–1, 615; son Augustus, 573
Napoleon I (Bonaparte), Emperor of the French, 466, 468, 497, 535, 576, 591, 598
New Berlin Almanack, 130, 132
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of, 37–8, 128–9, 152
Nicholson, Margaret, 432
Nore mutiny (1797), 496
Norfolk, Mary, Duchess of, 74
North, Frederick, Lord: and Mme Beaumont’s educational theories, 228; George III’s relations with, 277, 286; political career, 277–8, 282–3; qualities and character, 277–8, 282–3; and American War of Independence, 282, 285; resigns premiership, 286; returns as premier with Fox as foreign secretary, 286, 289; coalition with Fox collapses, 290; and Royal Marriage Bill, 340
Northumberland, Elizabeth, Duchess of (née Seymour): on young George III, 11; examines royal jewels, 145; at George–Charlotte wedding, 148, 150; at George–Charlotte coronation, 151; on George–Charlotte’s diet, 164; on palace intruder, 165; on George–Charlotte’s routine, 168; on George III keeping picture of Bute, 169; on court precedence, 176; on George’s retiring life, 179; on Charlotte’s labour, 187; on Margaret Scott’s remuneration, 201; on Prince of Wales’s rest after inoculation, 210; and court gossip, 212; on presentation of two eldest princes to George and Charlotte, 213; on Prince of Wales’s assurance as boy, 240; on marriage of Caroline Matilda, 347