The Orpheus Clock

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The Orpheus Clock Page 36

by Simon Goodman


  and Gutmann collection, 124–27, 148, 173, 180, 186, 187, 235, 257, 275–79, 295, 300

  and Hitler’s collection, 123, 124, 180, 276, 279

  Karl and Magdalene Haberstock Foundation for the Promotion of Science, Education, and Culture, 307

  and Monument Men investigation, 277–81

  and Nuremberg Trials, 280–81

  postwar claims of, 186, 209, 259, 280–81

  and silver collection, 126–27, 148, 295

  and Stuck painting, 125, 257–59, 261, 275, 307

  Hahn, Kurt, 43

  Hainauer family, 33

  Hall, Ardelia, 293

  Hall, Peter Adolf, 34

  Hals, Frans, Portrait of Isaac Abrahamsz. Massa, 11, 85

  Harsdorf, Baron von, 36

  Hastie, James, 267, 268, 271

  Heidecke, Christian, 31

  Heine, Heinrich, 39

  Heinemann, Rudolf, 284–85

  Heller, Stephanie, 174

  Henraux, Albert, 180–81

  Herzfeld, Hugo, 71

  Herzfeld-Gutmann, Vera, 42, 71–72, 103

  Hess, Rudolf, 91

  Het Loo royal palace, Apeldoorn, 241

  Heuss, Anja, 299–300, 301, 302–4, 310

  Heydrich, Reinhard “Butcher of Prague,” 137, 138, 260

  Hibernia Affair, 28

  Himmler, Heinrich, 5, 113, 131–32, 136, 144, 260

  Hitler, Adolf, 269

  alleged opponents murdered, 100

  and anti-Semitism, 71, 116, 138

  art collection of, 122–23, 125, 181, 183, 192, 206, 257, 275, 276, 279, 280

  and Brandt, 255, 259, 260

  and Führerbunker, 260

  Führermuseum in Linz, 5, 117, 122, 124, 149, 173, 183, 208, 212, 233, 237, 276, 280, 281, 295

  and Mussolini, 129, 145

  nonaggression pact with Stalin, 108

  private funds of, 148

  rise to power of, 96, 97, 98, 106

  suicide of, 260, 261

  watercolor by, 122

  and World War II, 106, 107–8

  Hofer, Walter Andreas, 117–18, 124, 183, 206, 209, 256, 280, 281

  Hoffmann, Doctor, 302

  Hofhuis, Helen, 229, 237, 238

  Holbein, Hans the Elder, altarpiece fragment of Madonna, 85, 125, 180, 186, 192, 257

  Holland, see Netherlands

  Holocaust, 13, 164

  apology to Jewish people as overdue, 239

  art looted during, 16, 219, 238, 274, 281, 291, 294

  Dutch treatment of survivors, 185–92

  and “Final Solution,” 138

  forgetting, 171, 195, 211, 213, 218, 239, 285

  and Kristallnacht, 20, 106–7

  landmark cases in art recovery from, 212, 219, 233

  “memorial candle” child, 317

  official beginning of, 94

  scale of, 165, 174

  unfinished business of, 217, 317

  and Washington Principles, 232–33

  see also Nazis; Theresienstadt

  Holzing-Berstett, Adolf von, 40

  Hope, Adrian Elias, 74

  Hope Diamond, 74

  Hope family, 74

  “Horst Wessel Song, The,” 105

  Hotel de Rome, Berlin, 26

  Hotel Excelsior, Rome, 146

  Huldschinsky, Gertrud, 174

  Humboldt, Wilhelm and Margarethe von, 79

  Hummel, Helmut von, 148, 295

  Hunger Winter (1944–45), 168

  I.G. Farben, 141

  International Red Cross, 139–40, 164

  Interpol, 211, 223, 282

  Iron Curtain, lifting of, 197, 210

  Isenbrandt, Adriaen, 87, 125, 183, 192, 257

  Isle of Man:

  “enemy aliens” interned on, 159

  Fritz’s incarceration on, 55–58, 60, 66, 142

  Fritz’s release from, 62–64

  Italian Renaissance table, 241, 247

  Italy:

  anti-Semitism in, 105, 129

  artworks looted from, 279

  and Axis alliance, 129, 145

  Gutmann connections in, 128–32, 133, 143, 144, 145, 150, 159

  Jews in hiding in, 146–47

  Jews transported to extermination camps from, 146

  Nazi occupation of, 14, 145–46, 147

  Nuremberg-style laws in, 105

  and rescue of Italian Jews, 130

  surrender to Allies, 145

  Jaffe, David, 221–22

  Jamnitzer, Abraham, Becher (chalice), 36, 73, 127, 190, 292–313

  Jamnitzer, Wenzel, 35, 297, 298

  Jamnitzer scales with bronze lizard, 246

  Janis, Eugenia Parry, 206, 210

  Jeu de Paume Museum, Paris, 181, 206, 208

  Jewish Museum, Berlin, 26

  Jewish Question, “Final Solution” to, 138

  Jöckel, Heinrich, 152

  Jodl, Alfred, 260

  Jonas, Édouard, 263

  Juliana, Princess, 82, 105

  Jurk, Michael, 304

  Kafka, Franz, 141

  Kafka, Ottilie, 141

  Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin, 95

  Kalckreuth, Countess Anna von, 80

  Kaskel, Carl von, 23

  Kaskel, Felix von, 23

  Kaskel family, 23

  Kassel Museum, Germany, 278

  Katz, Nathan, 118

  Keitel, Wilhelm, 260

  Kemp, Barbara, 40

  Kendall, Richard, Degas Landscapes, 202–3

  Kesselring, Albert, 260

  Kessler, Horst, 263

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 242

  Kienle, Hans Ludwig, Horse and Rider, 118, 245, 253

  Killy, Doctor, 276

  Kleiber, Erich, 79

  Kleist, Paul Ludwig Ewald von, 278

  Klimt, Gustav, 266

  Kline, Tom:

  and Botticelli Portrait, 228–29, 230–31

  and Degas Paysage, 204, 205, 216

  and Renoir Le Poirier, 222–23, 224, 225

  and Stuck Sinnlichkeit, 265, 267

  Klutznick National Jewish Museum, 232

  Koenigs, Christine, 227, 239, 247, 256

  Koenigs, Franz, 80, 83, 90, 121, 183, 227

  Koenigs family, 80, 127, 173, 238

  Kok, Wim, 239

  Kolbe, Georg, 79

  Korte, Willi, 204, 206

  Kristallnacht, 20, 106–7

  Lake Garda, Italy, 288

  Lake Starnberg, Bavaria, 294, 295, 302

  Landau, Emma von, 174

  Landau, Eugen von, 50, 58, 309

  Landau, Jacob von, 48–49, 157, 309

  Landau, Margarete von, 49

  Landau, Thekla von, 48, 50, 107, 120, 243

  Landau, Wilhelm von, 49–50

  Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart, 299, 300, 305

  Lang, Fritz, 71–72

  Langen, Carl von, 80

  Lanz, Anna, 80

  Lanz, Otto, 80–81, 83, 118

  Lanz family, 238

  Lederer, Hugo, bust of Eugen by, 69–70, 309

  Lederer, Siegfried, 147

  Lederer, Zdenek, 172

  Ghetto Theresienstadt, 136, 150, 171

  Ledermann, Franz, 107, 174

  Ledermann, Ilse, 174

  Ledermann, Susi, 120, 174

  Lemoisne, P. A., 205

  Lenbach, Franz von, 89, 192, 303

  portrait of Eugen Gutmann, 19, 258, 292, 293, 317–18

  portrait of Sophie Gutmann, 258

  Lencker, Johannes, ewer by, 35, 72, 118, 245–46, 250, 252–53

  Lerner, Ralph, 205

  Lessing, Erich, 265

  Lessing, Karl Friedrich, 260

  Leuchtmann, R., 186

  Lewald, Elizabeth, 278

  Lewald, Fanny, 278

  Liebermann, Max, 26, 33, 293

  Linz, Führermuseum (Hitler’s museum) in, 5, 117, 122, 124, 149, 173, 183, 208, 212, 233, 237, 276, 280, 281, 295

  Liotard, Jean-Étienne, 305

  landscapes b
y, 86, 183

  The Tea Set, 212–13, 242

  Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince Bernhard zur, 82

  Lohse, Bruno, 207, 280, 282

  London:

  Alien Restriction Order, 53–55

  Christie’s auction of Gutmann collection in, 251–54

  Dresdner Bank in, 26, 47

  and World War I, 52–55, 159

  London Conference on Nazi Gold, 226

  Louis Ferdinand, Prince, 93

  Louis XV and XVI furniture, 126, 187, 213, 235, 241, 243, 244, 250, 270

  Ludwig II, “mad” King of Bavaria, 48, 184

  Lusitania, sinking of, 54

  Lütjens, Helmuth, 83, 205

  MacRobert family, 161

  Maes, Nicholas, 183

  Maglione, Cardinal Luigi, 131

  Magnus, Hermann, 30

  Magnus, Sophie, see Gutmann, Sophie Magnus

  Mahler, Willy, 150

  Maisels, Rikard, 121

  Making a Killing (documentary), 213, 268

  Mallard Corporation, 224, 225, 226

  Manheimer, Vally, 174

  Mann, Thomas, 33

  Mannheimer, Fritz, 81, 83

  Mannheimer family, 238

  Master of the Mornauer Portrait, 85

  Master of the St. Bartholomew Altarpiece, Adoration of the Magi, 85

  Matisse, Henri, Odalisque, 232, 233

  Max of Baden, Prince, 40, 61

  Mayer, August Liebmann, 282–83

  McCullagh, Suzanne, 253

  Meijer, Maarten, 248

  Meissen porcelain, 32, 75, 83, 99, 126, 184, 238, 241, 242, 245, 246–48, 255, 289

  Melchior, Carl, 61

  Memling, Hans, Madonna with Child, 85, 125, 173, 180, 186, 192, 257, 275

  Mendelssohn & Co., 81

  Mendelssohn family, 94

  Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 202, 203, 228

  Meyer, Bettie, 174

  Michelangelo, Bruges Madonna, 183

  Miedl, Alois, 117–18, 123, 124, 173, 257

  Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung, und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, 303

  Misch, Arthur, 174

  Modernism, 88–89

  Montgomery, Bernard, 1st Viscount, 7

  Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) [Monuments Men], 182–86, 189, 192, 207, 208–9, 233, 237, 277–79, 293, 302

  Moore, Dudley, 9–10

  Morgan, J. Pierpont, 36, 46

  Mueller, Waldemar, 44

  Mühlmann, Kajetan, 117, 123, 124, 173, 183, 257

  Müsch, Irmgard, 310–11

  Museum of Modern Art, New York, 232

  Mussolini, Benito, 100, 105, 129, 143, 145, 147

  Napoléon Bonaparte, 19, 36

  Nathan, Henry, 29, 65–66

  National Archives, Washington, DC, 232, 293–94

  National Gallery, Berlin, 262

  National Gallery, Washington, DC, 190

  National Gallery of Canada, 305

  Navarro, Rafael, 224

  Nazis:

  anti-Semitism of, 91–92, 91, 95–106, 175

  assets stolen/fake purchases by, 15, 99, 116–19, 122–28, 148, 168–71, 173–74, 180–84, 186–92, 206–7, 209, 212, 215, 218–19, 226, 228, 230, 240, 245, 256, 257, 275–77, 280, 281, 295, 296

  banks taken over by, 97–99, 102–3, 126, 309, 310

  barbarism of, 109, 153, 168

  books burned by, 100, 310

  concentration camps of, 106, 137–41, 144–45, 157, 164, 166

  ERR, 180, 187, 206–8, 223, 225, 256, 282

  and “Final Solution,” 138

  Gutmann belongings swept away by, 11–12, 127–28, 142, 191

  industrialized murder by, 164

  inventories of collection, 235, 248, 256, 296

  and Kristallnacht, 20, 106–7

  and Munich “putsch,” 69, 71

  and Nuremberg Trials, 124, 165, 260, 261, 280

  patina of legality, 124, 127, 148–49, 150, 184, 294, 295, 296

  “second-generation loot” from, 302

  Netherlands:

  anti-Semitism in, 119–21, 166–68, 236, 243, 275

  art sales in, 192, 236

  art treasures in, 116–19, 124, 192, 236, 237, 238, 240

  Bernard’s return visits to, 165–71, 172–73, 176, 179, 250

  Bosbeek in, see Bosbeek estate

  claims filed with government for Gutmann family art, 185–86, 256, 287

  Dutch Art Property Collection (NK), 238

  Ekkart Committee, 238–40

  and end of World War I, 66

  German invasion of, 113–19

  ghetto in Amsterdam, 127, 131

  Gutmann family in, 62–64, 65–90, 103, 104, 166, 173

  Hunger Winter (1944–45), 168

  Jewish assets seized/sold in, 103, 118, 119–21, 128, 167, 168, 236, 240, 275, 279

  Jewish refugees in, 107, 116, 167

  Jewish resistance in, 120

  Jews deported from, 165

  Jews lost in Holocaust, 165, 174

  Nazification of banks in, 102–3, 126

  Nazi occupation of, 6, 116–34, 168, 191

  neutrality of, 107–8

  Origins Unknown (Herkomst Gezocht) agency, 238–39, 240, 256, 288

  postwar, 168–71, 239

  postwar art recovery/restitution in, 184–85, 186–92, 237, 238–53, 256, 289, 315

  postwar treatment of Jewish survivors, 236–40

  “restitution” bureau, 6, 167, 171, 172, 185–92, 233, 288

  World War I internees released to, 62–64

  Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN), 241, 243–48

  Netherlands Property Management Office, 128

  Netherlands Red Cross, 162

  Dutch (free) Red Cross, 162, 163, 165, 171

  Neuschwanstein castle (“Mad Ludwig’s castle”), 184

  Neville, Rena, 230

  New York State Banking Department, Holocaust Claims Processing Office, 233, 286

  New York World’s Fair (1939), 86

  Nibelungen gold, 37, 193

  Nicholas, Lynn, The Rape of Europa, 204

  Núñez Fábrega de Baeza, Dolores Brunilda, 224–27

  Nuremberg Laws, 100, 105

  Nuremberg Trials, 124, 165, 260, 261, 280–81

  Old Castle, Stuttgart, 310–13

  Oppenheim, Salomon, 20

  Oppenheim family, 23, 257

  Oppenhejm, Ralph, 151, 152

  Orpheus Clock, 72, 298

  acquired by Eugen, 35, 36

  legal ownership of, 148

  lost from Bosbeek estate, 173

  in Nazi warehouse, 127, 148

  postwar location of, 183, 293

  recovery of, 248, 296–302, 306, 310–11, 313

  renamed Fremersdorf 1, 299

  sand and dirt in, 301–2, 311, 317

  Orpheus clocks, 34–35, 298–99, 306

  Orpheus Clocks, The (Coole and Neumann), 298, 299

  Orpheus in the Underworld, legend of, 35, 297

  Orsenigo, Archbishop, 130, 132, 144

  Orsini Baroni, Luca, 18, 40, 100, 105, 145, 189

  and Fritz and Louise’s removal from Bosbeek, 134

  and Gutmann art collection, 148–49, 294, 296

  and Gutmann connection, 129, 130, 131–32, 143, 144, 275

  and Gutmann family trust, 127, 149

  Orsini, Lili Gutmann (great-aunt), 18, 31

  exempt from anti-Semitic laws, 105, 147, 175

  and Holzing-Berstett, 40

  and Italian nobility, 71, 129

  marriage to Orsini, 40

  in postwar Italy, 173, 174–75

  Orthodox Church of Cyprus, 204

  OSS (Office of Strategic Services), Art Looting Investigation Unit, 182–83, 209, 280

  Ostade, Adriaen van, 87, 194

  Osten, Gert von der, Paintings and Documents, 273, 283–84

  Ostrich automaton, 127, 246, 300, 311, 311, 313

  Pacelli, Archbishop Eugenio (later Pius XII), 71, 129r />
  Paillou, Peter, 34

  Pannwitz, Catalina von (Aunt Käthe), 81, 82, 83, 104, 118

  Pannwitz, Ursula, 82

  Pannwitz, Walther von, 81, 82

  Papen, Franz von, 95, 100, 165

  Paris:

  Allied liberation of, 282

  Fritz and Louise in, 45–47

  Gutmann art stored in, 6, 223, 225, 256, 275–76, 277, 282

  Gutmann family refugees in, 174

  Nazi occupation of, 125, 207–8, 215

  postwar search for Gutmann art in, 174, 180–81, 187, 201, 212

  Parke-Bernet, 222, 224

  Paul Cassirer & Co., Berlin, 83, 88

  Pavlova, Anna, 47

  Paysan, Moritz, 310, 311

  Pereira, Baron Alfons von, 271

  Petzolt, Hans, silver-gilt drinking cups by, 36, 118, 246, 250, 253, 254

  Phillips, Anthony, 250, 252

  Piaf, Edith, 282

  Piccadilly Gallery, London, 264–65

  Pietà sculpture, fifteenth century, 180, 287–89, 287

  Pietrabissa, Franco, 130

  Pilkington, Godfrey, 265

  Pissarro, Camille, 88

  Pius XII, Pope, 71, 129

  Plietzsch, Eduard, 117, 124, 257

  Ploeg, Rick van der, 241

  Poellnitz, Baron von, 277, 278

  Poland, extermination camps in, 146

  Porten, Henny, 71

  Porter, Marc, 219, 252

  Poschinger, Heinrich von, 49

  Posse, Hans, 122

  Poznanski, Maurice, 174

  Princip, Gavrilo, 52, 155

  Proehl, Ernst, 66, 67, 80, 83, 84, 103, 173

  Proehl, Ilse, 80, 103

  Proehl & Co., 103

  Proehl & Gutmann, 67, 81, 102–3

  psychogenealogy, 317

  Quedlinburg, art looted from church in, 204

  Radnitzky, Emmanuel (Man Ray), 76

  Rahm, Karl, 140, 149, 150, 152, 155, 164

  Rathenau, Walther, 26, 43, 61, 71

  Rathenau family, 29

  Ray, Man, portraits by, 42, 64, 76–77, 251, 318

  Redlich, Egon “Gonda,” 136

  Rehborn, Anni, 255, 259

  Reichsbank, 97, 99

  Reinhold, Johann, 311

  Reinhold Clock, 36, 127, 183, 296, 300–301, 302, 311, 313

  The Great Astronomical Table Clock of Johann Reinhold: Augsburg 1581 to 1592, 301

  Rembrandt van Rijn, Portrait of a Man with Arms Akimbo, 90

  Renaissance, 35, 84, 87, 297, 298, 306–7

  Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 124

  Le Poirier or The Pear Tree (in Bloom), 88, 173, 201, 218, 222–27, 233, 237, 249, 317

  Reynaud, Paul, 81

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 96, 101, 108, 165, 260

  Ricci, Marco, capriccios by, 84

  Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 241, 242, 248, 249–50, 252, 253, 288, 289, 290

  Rijksmuseum Twenthe, Enschede, 237, 241

  Ritz Hotel, Paris, 46, 174, 207–8, 278

  Robbia, Andrea della, armorial plaque, 251

  Robert, Hubert, 126, 192

  Roberti, Ercole de’, The Argonauts Leaving Colchis, 85, 284

 

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