The Women who Wrote the War
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280
That afternoon Sonia ... went forty miles by jeep to Struthof — Tomara, “Nazis Cremated 1,665 Women at Camp in Alsace,” New York Herald Tribune, December 10, 1944.
281
Avery and Coyne were visiting an area of “static warfare” — Avery, “Reporter Dines in German Pillbox,” Detroit Free Press, November 26, 1944.
281
Back on the Luxembourg side — Coyne, “Miss Coyne Dines on Venison at Brilliant Front Line Party,” Boston Herald, November 25, 1944.
25. The Battle of the Bulge
283
SHAEF ... granted Lee Carson and Iris Carpenter full accreditation — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, p. 189.
283
“They can go wherever their reporter’s conscience drives them” — Ibid., p. 190.
283
they began by disliking each other intensely — Carpenter, interview.
284
About ten o’clock one night — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, pp. 196-197.
285
“The Germans have broken through” — Ibid., pp. 207-208.
285
“Retreat in the face of Germany’s ... counteroffensive” — Carson, “Yanks Vow They’ll Avenge Retreat,” New York Journal-American, December 18, 1944.
286
Iris ... set out for Fifth Corps headquarters — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, pp. 210-212.
287
“A field artillery battery” — Carson (INS), “Gl-Clad Nazis Led Drive in Jeeps,” New York Journal-American, December 20, 1944.
287
“We were very much a family” — Carpenter, interview.
287
“I’ve got a wife and a couple of kids” — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, pp. 218-219.
288
“I spent Christmas Eve on the line” —J. C. Oestreicher, The World Is Their Beat, pp. 221 -222.
288
“The convoys were huge, fantastic” — Coyne, “Holly in Helmets, GIs Rumble to Battle Cheering Belgians,” Boston Herald, December 24, 1944.
289
“How we got here and what we saw” — Avery, “Bastogne Desolate After Liberation,” Detroit Free Press, December 30, 1944.
290
She wrote to her editor at Collier’s of her exhaustion — Amy Porter, “This Week’s Work,” Collier’s, February 3, 1945.
290
She and a colleague took the road ... to Bastogne — Gellhorn, “The Batde of the Bulge,” in The Face of War, pp. 145-152.
291
it was so cold “that water brought us for washing froze” — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, pp. 224-226.
292
First Army headquarters and press camp returned to Spa — Ibid., p. 233.
26. Penetrating the Pacific Barriers
294
“Our presence in various fields is bitterly resented” — Deuell, Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 3, 1944.
294
“an eighteen-hour-a-day job” — “A Letter From the Publisher,” Time, November 27, 1944.
295
“I can’t do a damn thing about her” — Rand, China Hands, pp. 231-232.
295
“All our old idealistic friends from 1941” — MacKinnon and Friesen, China Reporting, p. 51.
296
“an honest Christian, beloved by his people” — Annalee Jacoby Fadiman to the author, October 27, 1992.
297
on that first day of February 1945 — C. Mydans, More Than Meets the Eye, pp. 182-191.
297
Shelley... was full of optimism about the progress of the war — Ibid., pp. 206-207.
299
“From the shadow of the litters I could see their eyes” — S. Mydans, “Flight Nurse,” Life, February 12, 1945.
299
At last MacArthur lifted the ban — C. Mydans, More Than Meets the Eye, p. 208.
27.1 wo Jima
301
Biographical material on Patricia Lochridge is taken from an interview by her son Steve Bull, May 1995.
302
“Playing tennis with the Nimitzes was not my idea of activity for a forward area” — Lochridge, interview.
304
They were authorized to go to “Guam, Saipan ...” — Smith and Bogart, The Wars of Peggy Hull, p. 245.
304
Pat Lochridge arrived on a cold gray morning — Lochridge, “Solace at Iwo,” Woman’s Home Companion, May 1945.
305
“The wounded came on and on” — Ibid.
306
In the press office on Guam — Dickey Chapelle, What’s A Woman Doing Here?, pp. 67-68.
306
Biographical material on Dickey Chapelle comes from her autobiography, What’s A Woman Doing Here?; Roberta Ostroff, Fire in the Wind; and assorted material in the Dickey Chapelle Collection, State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
307
“I want you to be sure you’ll be the first” — Ostroff, Fire in the Wind, p. 88.
308
“Only once was it still” — Lochridge, “Solace at Iwo.”
308
“Some live and you don’t know why” — Ibid.
309
“It is the time of the full moon” — Deuell, “The Wounded Return,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 4, 1945.
309
“Gray blankets cover the quiet figures” — Ibid.
310
Dickey ChapeUe’s experience on the Samaritan — Chapelle, What’s a Woman Doing Here}, chapters 4 and 5.
311
Back in the big tent on Guam — Ibid., chapter 6; Ostroff, Fire in the Wind, pp. 104-105.
311
Chapelle’s C-47 reached Iwo — Dickey’s escapade on Iwo is taken from What’s a Woman Doing Here?, chapter 6.
312
“Now you just tell me” — Ostroff, Fire in the Wind, pp. 105-107.
28. Of Rain, Ruin, Relationships, and the Bridge at Remagen
314
When Lee Miller went... to see Colette — Miller, “Colette,” Vogue, March 1, 1945.
314
“Parisians are colder than they have been” — Flanner, “Letter from Paris,” New Yorker, January 17, 1945.
315
Biographical material on Ann Stringer is taken from Julia Edwards, Women of the World, pp. 165-167.
315
“butter-melting eyes” — Oldfield, Never a Shot in Anger, p. 189.
316
her timing too close for the officers at SHAEF — Ibid., pp. 189-191.
317
Flanner was glad to be out of Paris — Wineapple, Genet, pp. 188-189.
317
Miller remembered climbing onto some wreckage — Penrose, Lee Miller’s War, p. 169.
318
“Aachen died in a different way” — Flanner, “Letter from Cologne,” New Yorker, March 19, 1945; reprinted in Janet Flanner’s World, p. 92.
318
One did not see a whole building anywhere — Coyne, “Old Glory Defies Hun Shells High Above Cologne Rubble,” Boston Herald, March 11, 1945.
318
On Sunday she watched with amazement — Coyne, “Cologne’s Hymn of ‘Nazi Hate’ Has No Fear of Yank Rulers,” Boston Herald, March 14, 1945.
318
Avery was surprised by the plenitude of items — Avery, “Cologne Germans Eat Plenty and Dress Well,” Detroit Free Press, March 18, 1945.
318
the living had to be sorted from the dead — Avery, “Murderers Roam City of Cologne,” Detroit Free Press, March 19, 1945.
319
“They came out into the sunlight” — Avery, “Freed Prisoners Still Have Hope,” Detroit Free Press, March 20, 1945.
319
“a thin young Belgian ... praying over a mound” — Flanner, “Letter from Cologne.”
319
“This went on in a great German city” — Penrose, Lee Miller’
s War, p. 166.
319
it was gauged to be only ten percent damaged — Coyne, “Three-Fourths of Fine Arts of Ancient Cologne in Rubble,” Boston Herald, March 18, 1945.
319
“Cologne’s panorama of ruin” — Flanner, “Letter from Cologne.”
319
Biographical material on Marguerite Higgins is taken from Antoinette May, Witness to War.
321
Helen Kirkpatrick recalled — Kirkpatrick, interview.
322
After Lee Carson went to Europe — Lochridge, interview.
322
Iris Carpenter traveled with two British correspondents — Carpenter, interview.
322
Lee Carson began sharing a jeep — Walton, interview.
322
“Lee was quite frank about it” — Carpenter, interview.
323
One day Stringer and Jackson drove — Allan Jackson, “Ann Stringer, Memories of a Lady War Correspondent” (unpublished).
324
“I wanted above all to be free” — Bernice Kert, The Hemingway Women, p. 417.
324
“He came in with his raincoat and his gun belt” — Coyne, interview.
324
“the hard-bitten, horny-handed tankers” — Irwin, “4th Armored Yanks Bluffed Way Through 6 Nazi Divisions,” Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, March 12, 1945.
325
But as Iris Carpenter told the story — her account of the Remagen episode is found in No Woman’s World, pp. 271-277’.
328
“German armed forces on both ... banks of the Rhine” — Carson (INS), “Crossing Threw Nazis into Chaos,” New York Journal-American, March 9, 1945.
328
“We gazed confidently at the planes” — Carson (INS), “Bridgehead Becomes Hot Shooting Gallery,” New York Journal-American, March 11, 1945.
328
“One minute he was there, alive” — Carpenter, interview.
328
her account of crossing the bridge — Stringer (UP), “Nazis Hurling ‘Everything’ But Yanks Are Unstoppable,” Detroit Free Press, March 11, 1945.
329
“Nothing has cheered the men like this” — Avery, “Bridgehead Yanks Are Confident,” Detroit Free Press, March 15, 1945.
29. The Month of April: The Advance
331
“Never let that woman out of your sight” — Bourke-White, “Dear Fatherland, Rest Quietly,” p. 38.
331
Helen reported that fierce fires were still burning — Kirkpatrick, “Frankfurt in Chaos,” Chicago Daily News, April 2, 1945.
331
Also in Frankfurt were some 20,000 “emancipated slaves” — Kirkpatrick, “Slave Hordes Streaming to Rhine,” Chicago Daily News, April 4, 1945.
331
a Frankfurt where roofs were a rarity — Higgins, “Key Frankfurt Arms Factories Found Wrecked,” New York Herald Tribune, April 1, 1945.
331
In Hoechst she interviewed — Higgins, “Youth Leader Is Indignant at Arrest by U.S.,” New York Herald Tribune, April 17, 1945.
331
she reported a jet fighter factory — Higgins, “Jet-Plane Plant Cut by Nazis in Mountainside,” New York Herald Tribune, April 19, 1945.
331
below the Franconian castle of Lichtenfels — Higgins, “Americans Find Nazi Archives in Castle Vault,” New York Herald Tribune, April 24, 1945.
332
It rankled her and Eleanor — Lochridge, interview.
332
It seemed to Margaret “that people had always lived in the crevasses” — Bourke-White, “Dear Fatherland,” p. 44.
332
“Death rained down yesterday” — Kirkpatrick, “‘Ragdoll’ Dead Litter Streets of Nazi City,” Chicago Daily News, April 13, 1945.
333
“They’d heard it from the Stars and Stripes network” — Kirkpatrick, interview.
333
Avery talked to a trainload of... soldiers — Avery, Detroit Free Press, April 14, 1945.
333
Coyne talked with black soldiers from a mortar section — Coyne, Boston Herald, April 15, 1945.
333
At the Scribe in Paris — Cowan, AP dispatch, April 13, 1945.
334
Pat Lochridge ... had known the Roosevelts in Washington — Lochridge, interview.
334
“the sorrow the French felt at losing Roosevelt” — Flanner, “Letter from Paris,” New Yorker, April 19, 1945; reprinted in Paris Journal 1944-1965, pp. 23-24.
334
“We all wondered when the war would end” — Bourke-White, “Dear Fatherland,”pp. 47-48.
335
“it was Helen Kirkpatrick who read the maps” — Ibid., pp. 48-49.
335
“after our driver had steeplechased a ditch” — Coyne, interview.
336
what remained of the house of a bazooka factory director — Carson, “Leipzig Tycoon Dines 100, Blows Them to Pieces,” New York Journal-American, April 19, 1945.
336
“Reclining on the ponderous leather furniture” — Bourke-White, “Dear Fatherland,” pp. 49-51.
337
the family of the burgomaster — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, p. 311.
337
Virginia Irwin found it difficult to write — Irwin, “Nazis Starved, Beat, Killed Prisoners on Long March,” Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, April 6, 1945.
337
“We ate snow when the Germans weren’t looking” — Ibid.
338
Helen Kirkpatrick too talked to Allied prisoners of war — Kirkpatrick, “Yanks Made to Build Nazi Ambush,” Chicago Daily News, April 11, 1945.
338
Lee Miller reported — Penrose, Lee Millers War, p. 178.
338
Catherine Coyne watched liberated French and British soldiers — Coyne, “War Slaves Start on Long Road Back,” Boston Herald, April 12, 1945.
338
One Sunday Janet Flanner went to a Paris train station — Flanner, “Letter from Paris,” New Yorker, April 19, 1945; reprinted in Paris Journal 1944-1965, pp. 25-26.
339
Her broadcasts were more personal — Wineapple, Genet, pp. 190-191.
339
She had left a Germany of prideful Nazis — Schultz, “The ‘Little People’ of Germany,” McCall’s, June 1945.
339
“No one is a Nazi” — Gellhorn, “We Were Never Nazis,” Colliers, May 26, 1945.
340
“Men, women and children wept” — Carson, “Nazis Frantically Seek Yank Lines,” New York Journal-American, April 26, 1945.
341
They sat there for days, Iris wrote — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, p. 319.
341
“Mission accomplished” — Carson, “Yank Met Russ on Elbe River,” New York Journal-American, April 27, 1945.
341
Robertson later told the story — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, pp. 322—323.
341
the four Americans located a boat — Carson, “YankMet Russ on Elbe River.”
342
“Down the street of Torgau came a Russian youth” — Stringer (UP), “Reds Swim Elbe, Hail ‘Americanskis’,” New York World Telegram, April 27, 1945.
344
Lee Carson described “carnival scenes” — Carson, “Yank Met Russ on Elbe River.”
344
the Yanks were at the river bank — Coyne, “Russians ‘Dance Feet Off’ Miss Coyne in Link-up Fete,” Boston Herald, April 27, 1945.
344
Dot Avery compared the day — Avery, “Yanks, Reds Dance,” Detroit Free Press, April 28, 1945.
345
the mile or so of road — Carpenter, No Woman’s World, p. 325.
345
“At first I thought etiquette would compel me” — Avery, “Marjorie
Avery Makes History with a Dance,” Detroit Free Press, May 20, 1945.
345
“It was a day of laughter” — Coyne, “Russians ‘Dance Feet Off Miss Coyne.”
30. The Month of April: The Gamps
347
not including the 6,000 — This figure varies: Helen Kirkpatrick’s report put it at 15,000.
348
In fact, she had a private mission — Schultz, Green interviews.
348
Determined not to be handed ... an “atrocity line” — May, Witness to War, pp. 82-83.
349
General Patton was so angry — Bourke-White, “Dear Fatherland,” p. 74.
349
she didn’t see anyone faint — Schultz, notes in the Sigrid Schultz Papers.