Germany's Black Holocaust: 1890-1945

by Carr, Firpo

  [216] Drechsler, p. 210. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.

  [217] Linquist’s memo of Jan. 13, 1907. Imp. Col. Office file no 2155, p. 137.

  [218] Drechsler, p. 212. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.

  [219] Tecklenburg to the Col. Dept., July 17, 1905, Imp. Col. Officer File No. 1220, pp. 28-32; quoted from Drechsler, p. 214.

  [220] Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa, pp. 662-26.[?]

  [221] Stenographische Berichte ueber die Verhandlungen des Reichstages, XI. Legisaturperiode, II. Session, 1905-06, Vol. 3, (Berlin, 1906), p. 2246.

  [222] Directive of August 18, 1907 permanently barred the indigenous population from owning land and raising cattle, DKBL, Vol. 18, 1907, p. 1179.

  [223] Appendix 6, 7, 8 [not of the present work], copy of flogging request by German settlers (1000) from Windhoek, Patemann, p. 130; copy of Swiss League for Native Rights, 1918, letter about German colonial brutality; copy of German Flogging Decree, 1907.

  [224] Hubrich, Heinrich Georg, and Henning Melber, Namibia Geschichte and Gegenwart, zur Frage der Dekolinisation einer Siedlerkolonie, ISSA, 1977, p. 57.

  [225] Art. 22 of the Covenant: To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principal that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization, and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this covenant. U.N. OPI-74-38186.

  [226] Ehrmann, Annegret, Rassistische und Anti semitische Traditionaslinien in der deutschen Geschichte des 19 und 20. Jahrhunderts, in Sportstadt Berlin; Jahrbuch 1993 des Sportsmuseum Berlin, p. 132.

  [227] Appendix 9 [not of the present work], copy of membership application for the Reichskolonialbund, makes reference to Aryan ancestry, non-Jewish or Colored blood.

  [228] Generalmarschall and Reichspraesident v. Hindenburg quote from D. Bald; Deutschlands dunkle Vergangenheit in Afrika. Die Liebe zum Imperium. 1978, p. 177, appendix 10 copy.

  [229] See appendix copy 10a [not of the present work] of a photo showing Hitler with two HJ representatives from the colonies, reproduced from H. Patemann … p. 158.

  [230] Attached flyer “Aurfur” from 1919, issued by the “Reichsverband der Kolonialdeutschen” included here [not in present work] as one example of the “literature” and the thinking of the time. Reproduction from Patemann, p. 156, see appendix [not in present work].

  [231] N’dumbe, Alexandre Kum’a, Hitler Voulait L’Afrique, Edition l ‘Harmattan,’ 1980, p. 153.

  [232] Appendix 11a [not in the present work]: Propaganda leaflet of the “Deutscher Fichte Bund” with drawing of a “Nigger” and reference to rape victims by African soldiers.

  [233] Fischer, Eugene, The Political Importance of the Bastards, Berlin, 1913.

  [234] Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf, Muenchen, 1972, p. 198.

  [235] The plan for Mittelafrika was part of Nazi colonial development policy and colonial politics; it was first mentioned by Hitler on March 7, 1936, in a speech before the Reichstag. He related it to an overall peace-plan initiated by reoccupation of German troops for the [Rhineland] demilitarized zone, annulation of the Versailles Treaty by the League of Nations and a League’s concession to Germany to hold colonies like other European powers. “Mittelafrika envisioned a belt of territories encompassing the Congo basin that would be either directly or indirectly under German control,” W. D. Smith … p. 68. It was primarily the economic potential of these African territories which attracted Hitler and the German industry to this plan for Mittelafrika. A number of historians have studied the Mittelafrika project. Prominent among them are Alexandre Kum’a Dumbe and Woodruff D. Smith. Appendix 12 [not in present work] correspondence from colonial clubs and colonial student clubs uphold racial purity and ideology.

  [236] Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wipperman elaborate on the different strains of Nazi racism in chapter II of The Racial State: Germany 1933-45, Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 23.

  [237] Appendix 13 [not of present work] course outline for a “Schulungseminar fuer NS Polizei,” describing “Jewish” characteristics; NARA Archives T 175, Roll 7, Frame 2507648.

  [238] Gross, Walter, “Der deutshe Rassengedanke und die Welt” in (R.A.K.), NO 7/8, 1936, p. 6.

  [239]

  References

  [Note: Unless otherwise indicated, all of the quotes below are taken directly from material which may be incomplete in some cases provided by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.]

  Mueller-Hill, pp. 10-12. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.,

  [240] Burleigh, Michael and Wolfgang Wippermann, The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 128.

  [241] Kum’a Ndumbe III, Alexandre, Hitler Voulat L’Afrique Les plans secute pour une Afrique Fasciste 1933-1945, New York: L’Harmattan, 1981, 1-372, and “Black African and Germany During the Second World War,” Reports and Papers of Symposium, UNESCO, (Nov. 1980), 51-74.

  [242] Letter from Grawitz to Himmler, National Archives Record Group 242, National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized, Microfilm Publication T-175, reel 66, frame 25882139.

  [243] U.S. 7th Army’s report on the interrogations of Drs. Rodenwaldt and Wesch, and General Lutkenhaus, April 21, 1945, National Archives Record Group 332, Records of the Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, Asst. Chief of Staff for Intelligence (G-2), MIS-Y, box 73, #SAIC/X/2. “Negermischlinge” means mulatto.

  [244] Pross and Aly, p. 15. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.

  [245] Mueller-Hill, p. 12. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.

  [246] BAK, R36, file 1442: Deutscher Gemeindetag, 39-47, 52-53, 60-61.

  [247] p. 102-103. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.

  [248] “My interview with Jackie Warren-Moore on April 19, 1994, who is a reporter and playwright and lives in New York. Mrs. Moore has don considerable research in the Valaida Snow Story and was kind enough to share it. USHMRI Historian Files.” [These are not the present author’s words. This is partial information from the USHMM archival sources.]

  [249] Rothschild-Boros, Monica, In the Shadow of the Tower: The Works of Josef Nassey, 1942-1945 Irvine, CA.: Wundermann Foundation, 1989, 7-34.

  [250] Original Buchenwald Register for Male Inmate, 44,001 to 45,000, ca. 1942-1945, National Archives Record Group 238, National Archives Collection of War Crimes Records, book 45, p. 14,197. Witness Statements of Abrham Stahl, Erhard Richar Brauny, Josef Fischer, Icek Halicwicz, and miscellaneous correspondence to include but not limited to the following lists of Dora-Mittelbau inmates by nationalities, photograph of an unidentified black victim taken by the U.S. Army Signal Corps at Gardelegen, lists of unknown victims buried at Gardelegen, SHAEF Court of Inquiry Report on the Gardelegen Massacre, National Archives Record Group 153, JAG, War Department, War Crimes Division, series 143, file 12-480 and National Archives Record Group 338, JAG, ETOUSA, War Crimes Branch, file 000-50-037.

  [251] Report of Investigation (included are witness statements, autopsies, photographs), March 18, 1945 and Report of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, Europeans Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands, 1942; Record Group 338 National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [252] Report of Investigation and Witness Statements, August 31, 1945; War Crimes Case File, 5-17, box 4; Records of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, European Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands. 1942; Record Group 338; National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [253] Report of Investigation and Witness Statements, May 24, 1945; War Crimes
Case File, 15-32, box 261; Records of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, European Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands. 1942; Record Group 338; National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [254] Report of Investigation and Witness Statements, June 29, 1945; War Crimes Case File, 12-2620, box 213; Records of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, European Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands. 1942; Record Group 338; National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [255] Report of Investigation and Witness Statements, July 6, 1945; War Crimes Case File, 12-2635, box 214; Records of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, European Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands. 1942; Record Group 338; National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [256] Report of Investigation and Witness Statements, June 18, 1945; War Crimes Case File, 15-30, box 259; Records of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, European Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands. 1942; Record Group 338; National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [257] Report of Investigation and Witness Statements, June 5, 1945; War Crimes Case File, 12-2008, box 176; Records of the Deputy Judge Advocate General, United States Forces, European Theater, 7708th War Crimes Group, 1945-1947; Records of United States Army Commands. 1942; Record Group 338; National Archives in Suitland, Maryland.

  [258] Source unavailable. Pages missing from bibliography.

  [259] Ibid.

  [260] Ibid.

  [261] Ibid.

  [262] Ibid.

  [263] Ibid.

  [264] Ibid.

  [265] Ibid.

  [266] Ibid.

  [267] Ibid.

  [268] Ibid.