Kit-Cat Club, The

by Field, Ophelia

  17 C. S. Lewis, ‘Addison’, in Essays on the Eighteenth Century Presented to David Nichol Smith in Honour of his Seventieth Birthday (Oxford, 1945), p. 13.

  18 William Makepeace Thackeray, English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century (London, 1853). Steele's reputation was finally rehabilitated by John Forster, who wrote an essay answering dismissive and condescending portraits of him by Aikin, Macaulay, Thackeray and others. John Forster, ‘Sir Richard Steele’, Historical and Biographical Essays, vol. 2 (London, 1858).

  19 Rae Blanchard (ed.), The Englishman: A Political Journal by Richard Steele (Oxford, 1955), series 1, no. 33, Saturday, 19 December 1713.

  20 James Caulfield, Memoirs of the Celebrated Persons Composing the Kit-Cat Club; with a prefatory account of the origin of the association, illustrated with fortyeight portraits from the original paintings by Sir Godfrey Kneller (London, 1849), p. 248.

  21 William Hazlitt, Lectures on the English Comic Writers (London, 1819), p. 157.

  22 Edmund Gosse, Life of William Congreve (London, 1888), p. 184.

  23 Ibid.

  24 Virginia Woolf, ‘Addison’, in The Common Reader (London, 2003 edn), vol. 1.

  25 Cyril Connolly, Enemies of Promise (London, 1979 edn), pp. 23–4.

  26 C. S. Lewis, ‘Addison’, in Essays on the Eighteenth Century Presented to David Nichol Smith in Honour of his Seventieth Birthday (Oxford, 1945), p. 13.

  27 Ibid., p. 14.

  28 Peter Smithers, The Life of Joseph Addison (Oxford, 1968 edn), pp. 468–9.

  29 Brian McCrea, Addison and Steele Are Dead (Newark, NJ, 1990), p. 11.

  30 Ibid., p. 38.

  31 Donald F. Bond (ed.), The Spectator (Oxford, 1965), vol. 2, no. 172, Monday, 17 September 1711, by Steele.

  32 William Congreve, ‘Of Improving the Present Time’ (1729).

  33 Donald F. Bond (ed.), The Spectator (Oxford, 1965), vol. 2, no. 137, Tuesday, 7 August 1711, by Steele.

  34 Richard Steele, ‘To William Pulteney’, The Guardian, vol. 2 (1714), in Rae Blanchard (ed.), The Correspondence of Richard Steele (Oxford, 1968 edn).

  35 Donald F. Bond (ed.), The Spectator (Oxford, 1965), vol. 3, no. 314, Friday, 29 February 1712, by Steele.

  36 Michael Foss, The Age of Patronage: The Arts in England 1660–1750 (Ithaca, NY, 1972), p. 149. Among the subscribers were Newcastle, Grafton, Berkeley, Lincoln, Burlington, Pulteney and Manchester (on whom a dukedom was conferred in 1719, despite years of unimpressive diplomacy). The Academy's first Governor was Newcastle, with Manchester as his deputy. Grafton, Montagu, Burlington, Pulteney and Vanbrugh were among the first twenty directors.

  37 Geoffrey Webb and Bonamy Dobrée (eds), The Complete Works of Sir John Vanbrugh (London, 1927–8), vol. 4, no. 134, Vanbrugh to the Earl of Carlisle, 6 April 1722.

  38 Sir John Clerk quoted in Richard Wilson and Alan Mackley, Creating Paradise: The Building of the English Country House, 1660–1800 (London and New York, 2000), p. 53.

  39 Sir Joshua Reynolds, ‘13th Discourse at the Royal Academy’ (1786), quoted in David Watkin, English Vision (London, 1982), p. 89.

  40 J. H. Plumb, The Growth of Political Stability in England 1675–1725 (Harmondsworth, 1969), p. xvii.

  41 Ibid., p. xviii.

  42 Ibid.

  43 Ibid.

  44 Ibid., p. 36.

  45 Geoffrey Holmes, The Making of a Great Power: Late Stuart and Early Georgian Britain 1660–1722 (London, 1993), p. 346.

  46 Ibid., p. 224.

  47 Wilfrid Prest, Albion Ascendant: English History 1660–1815 (Oxford, 1998).

  48 Jürgen Habermas quoted in Michael McKeon, The Secret History of Domesticity: Public, Private, and the Division of Knowledge (Baltimore, Md., 2005), p. 75.

  49 Stephen Eric Bronner, Reclaiming the Enlightenment (New York, 2004), p. 65.

  50 Donald F. Bond (ed.), The Spectator (Oxford, 1965), vol. 3, no. 287, Tuesday, 29 January 1712, by Addison; Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (London, 1992 edn), p. 77.

  51 Donovan Bond and W. Reynolds McLeod (eds), Newsletters to Newspapers: Eighteenth-Century Journalism (Morgantown, W. Va., 1977), p. 121.

  52 Joseph Addison, The Freeholder, ed. J. Leheny (Oxford, 1979), no. 39, Friday, 4 May 1716, Addison's eulogy to Somers.

  53 Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, The Guardian, ed. John Cahoun Stephens (Lexington, Ky., 1982), 20 April 1713.

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