Grant Moves South

by Bruce Catton

  Frémont, General John C., puts Prentiss in command in southeastern Missouri, 27; in control in Missouri, 32; plans for campaign in the South, 33; issues proclamation freeing slaves, 33, 43; belated realization that Grant ranked Prentiss, 36; impressed by Grant’s soldierly qualities, 39; orders Grant into Kentucky, 42; on Cairo, 44; upholds Grant’s occupation of Paducah, 49, 50; and plans for offensive in Kentucky, 59, 60; under pressure to get army into Missouri, 70; relieved of command, 85

  Frémont, Mrs. John C., 70

  French, John, 182–183

  GAINES’S MILL, BATTLE OF, 284

  “Galway,” Times correspondent, 390

  Gamble, Governor (Mo.)., 326

  Gardner, General Frank, 432, 455

  Garfield, General James A., 295

  Gayoso Hotel, Memphis, 302

  General Orders Number 11, Grant’s, 353–356

  Gillmore, General Quincy, 380

  Graham, G. W., 205, 209

  Grand Gulf, Miss., 372, 417, 421–424, 429, 436

  Grand Junction, Tenn., 328, 360, 362

  Granger, Gordon, 308, 396

  Grant, Frederick Dent, 11–12, 437–438, 440–441

  Grant, Jesse, 18; asks Grant for army business, 105–106; fears army camp unwholesome for children, 298; involved in cotton trade, 352–353; on General Orders Number 11, 355; on slaughterhouse waste, 362

  Grant, Julia (Mrs. Ulysses S.), 11; urges Grant to keep Fred with him, 12; has vision of Grant, 78–79; at Cairo, 105, 106, 107; another incident of second sight, 106–107; pride in her husband, 107; on son Ulysses’s illness, 125; letter of thanks to Washburne, 260–261; at Corinth, 297–299; on Grant and Rosecrans, 319; with Eaton en route to Grand Junction, 362; at Vicksburg, 414–415; on Grant, the soldier, 487–488

  Grant, Mary, sister of Ulysses, 105

  Grant, Ulysses Simpson: impression given by, 3, 65, 389–391, 393–394; stories concerning drinking, 38–39, 91, 95–97, 259, 396–397, 462–465; soldiers’ opinion of, 51, 172, 310, 391, 449; colleagues impressions of, 65, 392; and Rawlins, 67–72; military philosophy of, 120, 121, 168; and Lincoln, 95, 318, 371, 396–397, 398, 488–489; and press, 254–255, 272, 390–391, 399, 455–456; contrasted with Sherman, 462, 485; feeling for defeated, 484–485; wife on, and legend, 486–488

  IN ILLINOIS AND MISSOURI: treatment of and confidence in Volunteers, 5, 61, 84, 89, 172, 419; disciplines 21st Illinois Regiment, 5–11, 13, 17; on the people of northeast Missouri, 13; views on slavery and the war, 15, 33, 106, 296–297; promoted to brigadier, 16, 17–19; at Ironton, 19–22, 46; has qualms about impressment, 21; prepares attack on Hardee, 23–28; disconcerted by Prentiss’s assignment to Missouri, 27–28; foes to St. Louis and Jefferson City, 8–30, 34–36, 46; reports to Frémont at St. Louis, 38; in command of southeast Missouri, 39–40, 40–41, 42–43; makes preparations at Cairo, 46–56, 61–64, 65; moves to occupy Paducah, 48–49; telegram to Kentucky House of Representatives, 49–50; soldiers’ opinion of, 51, 172, 310, 391, 449; concern for health of his command, 52–53; stops shipments of freight to Confederates, 55; thinks about offensive in Kentucky, 58–59, 60; receives orders to campaign against Thompson and Belmont, 71–73, 74; at battle of Belmont, 74–79, 80–81; friendship for Foote, 82; meeting with Polk, 83; relationship with Halleck, 86, 98–99, 196, 197, 207, 275–276, 288, 321, 327, 392; and problem of fugitive slaves, 91–92, 356–365, 401–405; and problem of supply contracts, 92–93, 94–95, 97; stern with secessionist civilians, 92; and problem of contraband trade. 99–101; fears attack from Columbus, 104; keeps informed about Polk, 101–102; worried about gunboats, 102; has family with him at Cairo, 105; and Brinton, 107–108; on the demonstration against May-field, 120, 121; military philosophy of, 120, 121, 168; visits Halleck in St. Louis, 123–124

  IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE: and plans for offensive up Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, 125, 126; provides for loyalist refugees, 128; ordered to prepare encampment at Smithland, 129; prepares to move on Fort Henry, 130–133, 134–137; moves against Fort Henry, 138–144; decides to take Fort Donelson, 145–146, 147, 148, 151; and partnership with Sherman, 149; in attack on Fort Donelson, 152–154, 155, 157, 159–160, 162–164, 166–169, 170, 172–173; demands unconditional surrender of Fort Donelson, 174–177; note to Foote, 168; announces capture of Fort Donelson, 177; finds himself famous, 181; gives orders concerning captive Fort Donelson, 182; congratulates troops, 183; placed in charge of new District of West Tennessee, 184; sends expedition to Clarksville, 184–186; as source of embarrassment to Halleck, 186; promoted to major general, 188–189; orders move on Nashville, 189; developing coolness between Buell and, 190, 191–193; and difficulties arising from lapse in communications with Halleck, 193–197, 198–199, 202–204, 207, 208; deteriorating relationship with Halleck, 196, 197, 207; reports to Halleck on his strength, 203; asks to be relieved from duty, 203, 204, 205; receives presentation sword, 208–209; begins move up Tennessee River, 210; wants to fight at Corinth, 211–212, 213; develops as military realist, 217; unwell, 218; accepts Sherman’s appraisal before Shiloh, 219, 220; at Savannah, 222–224; at Shiloh, 225–227; gives orders after the battle, 248–249; and friendship for Sherman, 229; delicate relationship with Buell, 245–246; writes letter to Cincinnati Commercial, 257; charges and defense of his conduct at Shiloh, 251–264; to act as Halleck’s second in command, 266, 267; complains to Halleck, 267–268; plan for advance on Corinth belittled by Halleck, 271; on march to Corinth, 271–272; newspaper attacks on, 272; wants to leave Army, 272, 274; establishes headquarters at Memphis, 281; his conclusions on the course of the war, 282–283

  CAMPAIGN IN MISSISSIPPI: his district of command enlarged, 287–288; most anxious period in the war, 289; and problem of guerilla warfare, 291, 305–306, 401; family joins him at Corinth, 297–299; asks permission to attack in Mississippi, 300; arrests newspaper reporter, 301–303; argues with Sheridan, 308; regroups his troops, 308–309; plans to defeat Price, 309–311; at Jackson, 313; displeased with Rosecrans, 316, 317–318; attempts to cut off Van Dorn’s retreat, 316; consults Halleck about pursuing Van Dorn, 317–318; pleased at Rosecrans’s transfer, 319–320; plans offensive southward, 320–323; district designated military department, 321; relations with Halleck, 321; on McClernand, 326; plans for Mississippi River campaign, 327–333, 335; rebukes men for vandalism, 336; ordered to divide forces into four corps, 338; letter to McClernand, 339; tries to warn Sherman about Pemberton, 342; in dark as to Sherman’s activities, 344; and the cotton problem, 347–352; rebukes father for helping cotton traders, 352; General Orders Number 11 concerning Jews, 353–356; and problem of fugitive slaves, 356–365, 401–405; on the march to Vicksburg, 371–374, 384–387; puts McClernand in his place, 374–376; and attempts to bypass Vicksburg, 376–382; development of, 391–393; attacks on, 394–399, 462–465; confident about Vicksburg campaign, 400–401, 406; family with him at Vicksburg, 414; plans develop for Vicksburg campaign, 407–410, 412–413; in Vicksburg campaign, 414–449, 450–453; and siege of Vicksburg, 454–466, 468–470; decides his army to live off land, 430; and problem of supplies, 430–431, 434–435; and surrender and occupation of Vicksburg, 471–485; opposes expansion of cotton trade, 485; appointed major general in Regular Army, 487

  Grant, Ulysses, Jr., 125, 298

  Greeley, Horace, 388

  Greenville, Mo., 23

  Greenwood, Miss., 383

  Grenada, Miss., 321, 328, 332, 333

  Grierson, Colonel Benjamin, 422

  Grimes, Senator, 180

  Guerilla warfare, 290–291, 292, 304, 305, 401

  Gunboats, problem of paying crews of, 54; at Belmont, 75–76; Polk’s. 102; constructed for Grant, 102–103; problem of crews for, 103–104; at Fort Henry, 141, 143, 144, 147; in raid up Tennessee River, 148–149; return to Cairo, 150; in attack on Fort Donelson, 151, 158, 160–161, 163–164, 168, 169, 177; on expedition to Clarksville, 184–185; disperse Confederates at Pittsburg Landing, 201; in Vicksburg campaign, 382–386, 411, 413–417, 424, 460

>   Gwin, Lieutenant William, 201

  HALLECK, GENERAL HENRY WAGER, replaces Hunter, 85; abilities, 85–87; relationship with Grant, 86, 98–99, 196, 197, 207, 275–276, 288, 321, 327, 392; supports C. F. Smith, 88, 89; supports Sherman in face of criticism, 90–91; on his work, 93; favorably impressed by Grant’s administration of Cairo district, 97; correspondence with Buell, 116; and proposed offensive in East Tennessee, 118, 119, 123–124, 125, 126; treatment of secessionists, 127; tries to restrain ferocious Union adherents, 128–129; and decision to move on Forts Henry and Donelson, 129–133, 135–138; sends reinforcements to Grant at Fort Henry, 141; and Grant’s plan to take Fort Donelson, 146, 150–151; sends reinforcements to Paducah, 149; suggests impressment of slaves, 152; accepts public acclaim, 179; creates District of West Tennessee, 184; embarrassed by Grant’s success at Forts Henry and Donelson, 186; asks promotion and reassignment of Hitchcock, 187; plans for Western Division, 187–188; bids for his own advancement, 188; and lapse in communications with Grant, 193–199, 202–204; plans raid on Confederate rail centers, 200; given full control in the West, 206; drops complaints against Grant, 206; orders Grant to avoid substantial fight, 211, 212; many problems facing, 214–215; orders Grant and Buell to act in concert, 245; goes to Pittsburg Landing, 250; exonerates Grant of Reid’s charges, 262; differing opinions of, 265; plans new offensive, 265–266; announces new organization, 266; belittles Grant’s plan for march on Corinth, 271; persuades Grant to stay with Army, 274; armed strength of, in Corinth area, 277; has Vicksburg expedition in mind, 278; and maintenance of railroad network, 278–279; and problems in East Tennessee, 279–280; revokes reorganization order, 281; opposes Pope’s being sent East, 284; appointed General in Chief, 286–287; enlarges Grant’s command, 287–288; on guerilla warfare, 291; urges Grant to take harder attitude, 294; dissatisfied with Buell, 301, 308; warns Grant against Price-Bragg junction, 307; and Grant’s decision to stop pursuit of Van Dorn, 317; letter to George H. Thomas, 320; designates Grant’s district a military department, 321; ideas on opening the Mississippi, 325; discouragement of, 326; promises reinforcements for Mississippi campaign, 328; cryptic replies to Grant about Mississippi campaign, 329, 330; changes ideas about importance of railroads, 331–332; cautions Grant re Mississippi expedition, 332–334; and fugitive slave problem, 358, 402; urges reinforcement of Mississippi army, 373; on importance of opening the Mississippi, 432–433; chides Grant for paroling Pemberton’s armies, 478–479

  Halstead, Murat, 394–395

  Hamilton, General C. S., 311; on the fight at luka, 311, 312; at battle of Corinth, 314; in Mississippi Rivet campaign, 329, 330; his attack on Grant, 395–396

  Hamlin, Hannibal, 180

  Hankinson’s Ferry, Miss., 435

  Hard Times plantation, 421

  Hardee, General William J., 19; moves on Ironton, 21; Grant prepares attack on, 23–26; withdraws into Arkansas, 41; confers with Johnston and Beauregard, 154; at Corinth, 214, 216; at Shiloh, 237

  Harris, Governor Isham (Tenn.), 112–113, 200

  Harris, Tom, 12

  Haynes’ Bluff, Miss., 408

  Haynie, Colonel I. N., 156

  Hebert, General Louis, 470

  Helena, Ark., 277, 374, 376

  Hickman, Ky., 48, 101

  Hildebrand, Colonel Jesse, 234

  Hillyer, Captain W. S., on Grant’s talkativeness, 65; sent by Grant to investigate fraud in quartermaster department, 97; reports Confederate counterattack at Donelson, 164; arrives at Savannah, 222; at Shiloh, 230

  Hitchcock, General Ethan Allen, 187

  Holly Springs, Miss., Van Dorn at, 317; Grant plans to move on, 328; as Grant’s advance base, 331; Van Dorn’s raid on, 340–342; cotton traders captured at, 351

  Hooker, General Joseph, 370

  “Hornets’ nest,” 229, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237

  Hovey, General Alvin P., 354, 443, 445, 460

  Humboldt, Tenn., 194, 278

  Hunter, General David, given Frémont’s command, 85; in Kansas, 187; imminent transfer rumored, 273; organizes Negro regiment, 364, 404–405

  Hurlbut, General Stephen A., promoted to brigadier, 17; on move up Tennessee River, 210; at Shiloh, 227, 228, 239, 244; at Memphis, 300; ordered to march South, 309; Grant orders to Pocahontas, 316; in Mississippi River campaign, 338; Grant’s orders to, concerning Jews, 354; reports on Grant’s progress, 389; Hamilton’s attack on, 395; sends reinforcements to Vicksburg, 460

  ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD, 94, 96

  Illinois regiments: 8th, 82; 9th, 48, 233; 10th, 51; 11th, 52, 72; 12th, 48, 234; 15th, 234; 17th, 23, 156; 18th, 72; 20th, 52, 336; 21st Infantry, 3–4, 5–16, 17, 19, 23; 22nd, 75; 24th, 23; 27th, 78; 29th, 72; 37th, 62; 40th, 210; 41st, 232; 48th, 156; 49th, 156; 52nd, 134; 55th. 232, 240; 99th, 446

  Indiana Regiment, 69th, 410

  Iowa regiments: 2nd, 169–170; 3rd, 277; 6th, 228, 240–7th, 26, 76; 11th, 234; 12th, 158; 15th, 234; 24th, 443

  Ironton, Mo., 18–22, 23, 41

  Isham, W. P., 302

  Island Number Ten, 195, 214, 250, 328

  Iuka, Miss., 300, 307, 309–311

  J. D. Perry, steamer, 100

  Jackson, Miss., Grant’s headquarters at, 309; as Grant’s goal, 331; Pemberton at, 426; Grant drives on, 439; Federals take, 440–42; Sherman’s destruction at, 482–483

  Jackson, Tenn., 194

  Jackson, Stonewall, 284

  “Jayhawkers,” 129

  Jefferson City, Mo., 29, 30–31, 34

  Jennison, Colonel C. R., 128–129

  Jews, General Orders Number 11 concerning, 353–356

  Johnson, Bushrod, 178

  Johnston, General Albert Sidney, put in command of Western theater, 57; Southern hopes that he can take possession of Missouri, 66; orders Polk to send men East, 74; armed strength of, 115, 117; on effectiveness of Union gunboats, 147; decides to divide forces, 154; evacuates Bowling Green, 164; agrees to abandon Ky.-Tenn. defensive line, 180; position becomes desperate, 214; regains initiative at Corinth, 216; prepares to do battle, 220–221; at Shiloh, 228, 243; death of, 236

  Johnston, General Joseph E., 329; in command in Mississippi and Tennessee, 407; to move to Jackson, 435; as problem to Pemberton, 437; reaches Jackson, 440; orders Pemberton to move north, 443; orders Pemberton to evacuate Vicksburg. 445; on the defense of Vicksburg, 448; hopes to relieve Pemberton at Vicksburg, 450–452, 454, 460, 469–470; pays tribute to Grant’s army, 454; protests paroling of Pemberton’s men, 481–482; evacuates Jackson, 482

  Jones, J. Russell, 351, 382

  Jonesborough, Ill., 101; Tenn., 113

  KENTUCKY: clings to neutrality, 36–37, 41–42; neutrality violated, 43, 48; Confederate defense of, 56, 57–58; importance of, to Confederacy, 60

  Kentucky House of Representatives, Grant’s telegram to, 49–50

  Kittoe, Dr. Edward, 293

  Knives, Confederates’, 182

  Knox, Tom, 397–398

  Kountz, Captain W. J., 120

  LAGOW, COLONEL CLARK, 209, 273

  LaGrange, Tenn., 336, 359

  Lake Providence, 378, 379, 380–381, 409

  Lake St. Joseph, 409

  Lane, General James H., 128

  Lauman, Colonel Jacob, 82

  Lawler, General Michael, 446

  Lee, General Robert E., takes initiative from McClellan, 289; successes in Virginia, 306; captures Harpers Ferry, 309; his invasion of Maryland fails, 313, 318; in defeat in Virginia, 489

  Lee, General Stephen D., 452

  Lexington, gunboat, 47, 48, 73, 74, 143, 201, 237, 240

  Lexington, Ky., 59

  Lexington, Mo., 31, 35

  Lincoln, Abraham, realizes value of Cairo as base, 25; and Frémont’s emancipation order, 33, 70; signs commission for Buckner, 57; Leonard Swett threatens to take supply contract problem to, 94; on Grant, 95; “Memorandum for a Plan of Campaign,” 110; anxious to establish Federal force in East Tennessee, 111; message to Halleck re East Tennessee offensive, 115–116; impatient w
ith Buell, 117; discouraged by Halleck’s letter, 118; demands action in Tennessee and Kentucky, 119, 129, 137; has Grant promoted to major general, 188; intervenes in Grant’s favor, 206; directs Halleck’s attention to East Tennessee, 279; interested in campaign in East Tennessee, 285–286; issues preliminary proclamation of emancipation, 313; congratulates Grant, 318; on strategy and morale, 325; favors opening of Mississippi River, 325; endorses McClernand’s expedition, 326; on Grant as fighter, 371; intrigued by idea of bypassing Vicksburg, 377; and stories of Grant’s drunkenness, 396–397; revokes court-martial sentence of Tom Knox, 397; begins to understand Grant, 398; letter to Grant, 488–489

  Little Bayou Pierre, 428

  Livermore, Mary, 393–394

  Logan, John, 444, 476, 481

  Louisville, gunboat, 151, 157, 161

  Lyon, General Nathaniel, 31

  MCARTHUR, JOHN, 165, 166

  McClellan, General George B., asks for C. F. Smith, 51; anonymous accusations handicap to, 89; and the campaign in East Tennessee, 110, 113–114, 116, 119, 137; messages to Buell re Tennessee offensive, 137–138; congratulated on fall of Fort Donelson, 180; refuses Halleck’s request for authority, 188; complains of inadequate reports from Halleck, 195, 198; supports Halleck in desire to discipline Grant, 198; removed from over-all command, 205; too busy to give attention to Tennessee, 215; moves on Richmond, 280; asks for reinforcements in Virginia, 284; in trouble in Virginia, 289; at Antietam, 309; returns to private life, 370

  McClernand, General John A., promoted to brigadier, 17; in Kentucky, 73; countermands order of Brinton, 108; and plans to take Fort Henry, 132, 134; in the attack on Fort Henry, 141, 144; at Fort Donelson, 156, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171, 175, 182; moves up Tennessee River, 210; commissioned major general, 223; at Shiloh, 227, 228, 232, 244, 247; given charge of reserve, 266; reports to Grant on Confederate strength, 268; ordered to prepare to move east, 285; at Jackson, Tenn., 300; goes to Washington to see Lincoln, 323, 324; plan to open Mississippi River, 324, 325;. abilities of, assessed, 325–326; given independent command in Mississippi campaign, 326–327; Grant hears rumors about, 329, 330; asks to be sent to Mississippi, 334; disquieted by lack of orders to move, 338; ordered to report to Grant, 339–340; joins Sherman and takes charge, 343–344; Grant has showdown with, 374–376; Hamilton’s attack on, 396; in Vicksburg campaign, 410, 411, 412, 416, 417, 418, 422, 452–453, 456; relieved of command, 466–468