These Truths
Page 113
and right to privacy, 650, 678, 685–86, 688
and Schlafly, 656
Supreme Court on, 647, 653–54, 655, 656, 678
abstinence, 197
Abu Ghraib, 748
Abzug, Bella, 652
academia:
hate speech codes, 703–4, 763
and identity politics, 703
and 1960s activism, 634–35
postmodernism, 636
and Vietnam War, 635–36
see also universities
academic freedom, 545, 553, 554–55, 557
Account of the Antiquities of the Indians, An (Pané), 5–7, 24
Acheson, Dean, 578–79
ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), 415–16, 744
and right to privacy, 686
and women’s rights, 652
Act for the Better Ordering and Governing Negroes, An (South Carolina colony), 59
Act Prohibiting the Teaching of the Evolution Theory, 418
ACT UP, 686, 687
Adams, Abigail, 650
on women’s equality, 96–97
Adams, James Truslow, 441
Adams, John, 82, 84–85, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 96–97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 111–12, 113, 114, 129, 180, 185
Alien and Sedition Acts and, 158
death of, 185–86, 190, 199
in debate with Jefferson on Constitution, 153–54
on Declaration of Independence, 98
in election of 1796, 158
in election of 1800, 154, 160–62, 164
Haiti revolution and, 159
on lack of established religion, 200–201
majority rule feared by, 155
Marshall appointed chief justice by, 165, 167
vanity of, 98, 155, 158, 160
Adams, John Quincy, 164, 176, 185, 217, 288
acquisition of Texas opposed by, 223, 236
death of, 251
desire to negotiate Mexican border, 222
election of, 184
in election of 1824, 180–81
in election of 1828, 186
in election of 1836, 224
Monroe Doctrine crafted by, 234–35
Adams, Samuel, 81, 92, 165
Addams, Jane, 368, 377, 380, 387
Adding Machine, The (Rice), 404
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 587
advertising, 448, 534, 560, 572–73
Advisory Committee on Post-War Foreign Policy, 492
AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children), 618–19, 671, 700
Affluent Society, The (Galbraith), 591, 611
Afghanistan, 738–40, 742, 746
Affordable Health Care Act (2010), 754–55
Africa, 456, 462
Portuguese exploration of, 11
slave trade in, 11–12, 17–18, 38, 46
African Americans, 530–32, 541, 542, 575–88, 767
Black Power movement, 625–26, 627, 628, 651, 673, 701
black studies, 634–35
and criminal justice policy, 623, 700
and presidential election (1968), 633
and presidential elections, 599
race riots, 623–24, 627–28
and southern strategy, 632
voting rights of, 163
see also civil rights movement; specific people
African Free School, 210
African Labor Supply Association, 281
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 202, 203
Agassiz, Louis, 256, 284
Age of Machinery, 198
Age of Reason, The (Paine), 142
Agnew, Spiro, 638, 639, 644
Agreement of the People, An (1647), 49
Agriculture Adjustment Act, 437, 438
agriculture companies, 336
Agriculture Department, U.S., 473–74
Aguinaldo, Emilio, 367–68
AIDS, 685, 687
Aid to Dependent Children, 439
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 618–19, 671, 700
Aiken, Howard, 523
Ailes, Roger, 704–5, 706, 707, 710–11, 716, 742
Alabama, 531
gun laws in, 445
income tax in, 301
Indians in, 213
movement to, 221
secession of, 290
slaves sold to, 202
as slave state, 179
Albany Congress (1754), 66, 70–71, 77, 91
Albany Journal, 269
Alcatraz occupation (1969–71), 634
Alexander, James, 61–62
Algonquians, 55–56
Ali, Muhammad, 629
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), 158–59, 164, 165, 395, 745
Allen, Paul, 695
Allport, Gordon W., 460
All Slave-Keepers That keep the Innocent in Bondage, Apostates (Lay), 74
Almonté, Juan, 233, 238
Alpine race, 392
al Qaeda, 722, 738–39, 746–47
Alta California, 243
Amazon, 735
America, first use of term, 3, 14
America Firsters, 481, 482
American Academies of Arts and Sciences, 155
American Anti-Slavery Society:
founding of, 206
Texas annexation opposed by, 223
American Association for Labor Legislation, 37
American Association for Public Opinion Research, 542
American Bankers’ League, 405, 504
American Bar Association, 359
American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, 213
American Civil Liberties Union, see ACLU American colonies, British:
British troops in, 84, 87
credit crisis in, 81–82
Elizabeth I’s desire for, 25, 26, 28
English king’s claim to dominion over, 34
ethos of, 44–45
European migration to, 44, 45
expansion of, 43–44
extent of, 33–34
growth of literacy in, 59
Indian attacks in, 55–57
individual liberties in, 33, 34
James I’s charter for, 32–33, 34–35
mortality rates in, 67
newspapers in, 59
popular sovereignty in, 50
racial dimension of slavery in, 69–70
religious and political freedom in, 49–53
religious revival in, 67–69, 68
in Seven Years’ war, see French and Indian War slavery in, 45–46, 48
Spanish conquest vs., 33
taxation of, 78, 81, 88–89, 91–92
see also specific colonies
American Colonization Society, 176, 177, 178–79, 204, 240
American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 501
American Dream, 441
American Equal Rights Association, 328
American Eugenics Society, 410
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 537
American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 317
American Geographical Society, 396, 400
American Historical Association, 353
American history, 1960s challenges, 634–35
American Indian Movement (AIM), 634
American Institute of Public Opinion, 455
American Liberty League, 447
American Magazine, 77
American Medical Association (AMA), 438, 546–48, 560
American National Election Survey, 544
American National Exhibition (1959), 590–91
American Party, 263
American Philosophical Society, 67, 155
American Political Science Association, 545–46
American Revolution:
Caribbean and, 101–2, 103
Continental currency printed in, 334
expectation of British victory in, 100, 101
first fighting in, 92–93
France and, 101–2
global dimensions of, 100–101
&n
bsp; institution of slavery challenged by, 105–6
Loyalists in, see Loyalists
Native Americans and, 102
peace negotiations in, 103, 103, 107
seeds of, 75, 92
slavery and, 93–95, 100, 108
southern theater in, 102–3
American Taxpayers’ Association, 504–5
American Taxpayers’ League, 405
American Voter, The, 593
American Women (Commission on the Status of Women), 647
Americas:
European extraction of wealth from, 17
European migration to, 16–17
European voyages to, 11
introduction of European animal and plants into, 18–19
native population of, 8–9
slavery in, 17
Spanish conquest of, see Spanish conquest
America’s Town Meeting of the Air, 459–60, 571
America We Deserve, The (Trump), 714
Ames, Fisher, 112
Analytical Engine (Babbage), 193–94
“Ancient & Modern Confederacies” (Madison), 117
Anderson, John, 221, 665, 705
Angelou, Maya, 660
Angola, 38
Annapolis Convention (1786), in call for constitutional convention, 117–18
Anschluss, 466
Anthony, Susan B., 358
citizenship of women desired by, 321
National Woman Suffrage Association founded by, 328
Thirteenth Amendment pushed by, 303
women’s suffrage desired by, 340
anthropology, 348
anticolonialism, 583
Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986), 699
Anti-Federalists, 129–30, 129, 131, 137, 143, 145
anti-feminist women’s movement, 646, 652–53, 661–62
Antigua, 34
slave rebellion in, 57–58, 63
Anti-Imperialist League, 368
Anti-Mason Party, 218–19
antislavery movement:
in Britain, 107–8
in New England, 87, 88
antitrust act, 388
antiwar movement, see peace movement Apaches, 222
“Apology for Printers” (Franklin), 61
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to those of the United States of America (Walker), 203, 204–5, 218, 256
Apple Computer, 695, 733
Apprentice, The, 762
Arabs, 399
Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo, 574
“Are Computers Newsworthy?” (Mauchly), 559
Arguing the Point (Tate), 152
Aristotle, 21, 47, 112, 155
Arizona, 260–61, 394, 494
creation of, 332
irrigated land in, 409
women’s voting rights in, 386
Arkansas, 281, 584–87
black voting in, 344
free blacks banned from, 280
movement to, 221
sharecroppers in, 439
Arkansas National Guard, 585
Armed Services Committee, 538
Armenians, 390, 399
arms control, 680, 681
arms race, 570, 586
Army-McCarthy hearings (1954), 567, 567
Arnold, Thurman, 462
ARPANET, 731
Arthur, John, 769
Articles of Confederation, 97–98, 114, 121, 128, 290
attempted revisions of, 115, 117
artifacts, 8
Art of the Deal, The (Trump), 713
Ashcroft, John, 744, 745, 747
Ashley, John, 113
Asia, 407
Associated Press, 490
Atlanta, Ga., 302, 581, 582
Atlanta Daily World, 581
Atlantic Charter, 482–83
Atlantic Monthly, 448
Atlas Shrugged (Rand), 553
Atomic Age Conferences, 526
atomic bomb, 514, 515–16, 517, 521–23, 531, 532, 538–39, 571, 587
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), U.S., 545
atomic power, 526
atomization, 527
Augusta, 483
Aurora, 161–62
Auschwitz, 513
Australia, 342, 344, 456
Austria, 466–67, 471, 473
Austrian Empire, 426
Autobiography (Franklin), 211
automatic weapons, 445
automation, 558–59, 574–75
Axis, 466, 479
Aztecs, 8, 21
Cortés’s defeat of, 22–23
Babbage, Charles, 193–94, 523
Bacevich, Andrew J., 741–42
Bacon, Nathaniel, rebellion of, 56
Bagram Air Base, 748
Baker, Ella, 596–97
Baker, Ray Stannard, 349, 371
Baldwin, James, xix–xx, 497, 622, 623, 756
Ball, Charles, 202–3
“Ballot or the Bullet, The” (Malcolm X), 613
Baltimore, Md., 287, 303, 582
Baltimore Sun, 417
Bancroft, George, 10, 185, 198–99, 353–54
Bank Act, 239
bankers, 343
Bankhead-Jones Act, 442
banking, 334
Bank of the United States (first), 138–39, 141
bankruptcy laws, 141
bankruptcy protection, 226
banks, 231, 363, 364
closing in the Depression of, 436
failure in the Depression of, 425–26
regulation of, 388
Baptists, 50, 201, 568
Barbados, 34, 46, 47
slavery in, 73
slave rebellion in, 56, 63
Barber, Francis, 92
Barbour, James, 179
Barlow, John Perry, 731, 732, 733
Barlowe, Arthur, 30
Barnum’s Museum, 274
Baruch, Bernard, 538, 551
“Basic Problem of Democracy, The” (Lippmann), 309
Bates, Fred, 467
Baus and Ross, 572
Baxter, Leone, 448, 449, 450, 451–52, 456, 478, 532–34, 533, 546–48, 553–54, 560, 561, 572, 704
see also Campaigns, Inc.
Bay of Pigs, 604
BBC, 467
Beacon Hill, 202
Beals, Jesse Tarbox, 385
Beard, Charles, 427, 438, 441, 449
Beaton, Ark., 439–40
Beaufort, S.C., 298
Beck, Glenn, 755, 762
Beck, James Montgomery, 403, 404
Beecher, Catherine, 197, 207, 215, 252
Beecher, Lyman, 195, 197, 201, 204
anti-Catholic views of, 208
Beekman, Jane, 2
Belgium, 473
Bell, Daniel, 592, 593, 614
Bell, Derrick, 703
Benezet, Anthony, 76
Bennett, James Gordon, 211, 229
Benthan, Jeremy, 98
Berkeley, William, 56
Berlin Airlift (1948–49), 539
Bermuda, 34
Bernays, Edward, 413–14, 424, 456, 457
Berners-Lee, Tim, 731
Bethlehem, Pa., 366
Bethlehem Steel, 382, 412
Bett (Elizabeth Freeman), 113–14
Beveridge, Albert J., 368
Biddle, Nicholas, 220
Biden, Joe, 699
Bigelow, Jacob, 198, 203
Big Oil, 363
Bikini Atoll hydrogen bomb test (1946), 571
bill of rights, xii, 127, 129, 130
Bill of Rights, U.S., 48, 134
established religion forbidden by, 200
150th anniversary of, 490–91
ratification of, 135, 137–38
Biloxi, Miss., 578
bin Laden, Osama, 722, 725, 738–39, 765
birth control, 386, 394
see also contraception
birther movement, 727, 762–63
Bishop, Abraham, 143
Black, Hugo, 339, 552, 579
> black churches, 202
black codes, 318, 320, 578
black colleges and schools, 576, 581
Black Lives Matter, 726, 767–68
Blackmun, Harry, 685, 687
Black Panthers, 627, 768
Black Power movement, 625–26, 627, 628, 651, 673, 701, 767
blacks, 409, 411
citizenship of, 314, 317, 321–22
and colonization issue, 204, 205
in Colored Farmers’ Alliance, 336
as cowboys, 334
in the Depression, 440
excluded from common schools, 210
excluded from New Deal, 440, 457–58
Grant supported by, 324
and populist movement, 343–44
Republicans supported by, 323, 386–87
voting rights of, 320, 326, 330, 353, 501
women, 190
in World War II, 496–503, 500, 508
see also Jim Crow
Bleecker, Leonard, 140
Bleeding Kansas, 266
Bletchley Park, 523–24
Blick, Roy, 550
Bloom, Allan, 703
Blue Cross and Blue Shield, 547
“blue discharge,” 530
Blumer, Herbert, 542–43, 544, 546
Board of Trade, Chicago, 275
Bob Jones College, 461
Bob Jones University, 663
Body of Liberties, 48
Bogart, Leo, 667
Bolshevists, 363
Bond, Julian, 597
Booth, John Wilkes, 285, 305
Border Patrol, U.S., 410
border states, 303, 304, 318
Bork, Robert, 644, 687–90, 692, 734
bosses, 195
Boston, Mass.:
British troops in, 87
free black community in, 202
Irish in, 209
newspapers in, 59–60
segregation in, 259
siege of, 92
top 1 percent in, 207
Boston Gazette, 82–83, 92
Boston Globe, 433
Boston Harbor, closing of, 89, 89
Boston News-Letter, 59
Boston Tea Party, 89
Botkin, Benjamin, 441
Boukman (Haitian slave), 143
Bowers v. Hardwick, 685, 686–87, 768
Bracero Program, 674
Braddock, Edward, 77–78
Bradford, William, 38–39, 90, 93
Brady, James, 672, 676
Brady, Mathew, 285, 286, 294
Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, 676
brainwashing, 565
Brand, Stewart, 694–95, 731
Brandeis, Louis, 381, 382, 384, 388–89, 578
Brazil, 281
Breckinridge, John, 288
Brennan, William J., 644, 650, 679
Bretton Woods, 483, 506
Brevísima Relación de la Destrucción de las Indias (Las Casas), 24
Brides, 528
Bright, Bill, 664
British Empire:
American Revolution and, 100–101, 107
credit crisis in, 82, 88
slavery abolished in, 235
broadcasting, 422
Brokaw, Tom, 737
Bromfield, Louis, 551–52
Brooke, Heather, 770