by Jill Lepore
Article VI of, 138
bill of rights as originally lacking in, 127, 129, 130
commerce clause of, 462
and conservatism, 677–79, 684, 685, 686–87
and establishment of Cherokee Nation, 215
evolution and, 373
fundamentalist view of, 403, 404
God absent from, 200
New Deal and debate over, 462–66
originalism, 677, 678–79, 684, 685, 687–88
and payment of congressmen, 122
preamble to, xi–xii
property requirements for federal office holders rejected by, 122
publication of, 109, 128
ratification debate over, 128–31, 166
ratification of, xii–xiv
repeal of ratification by seceding states, 289–90, 289
rival interpretations of, 411–12
signing of, 128
slavery and, 127
slavery in, 191, 241, 256–57, 261–62, 268
slave trade and, 136
and state sovereignty, 217–18
three-fifths clause in, 130, 157, 173, 175
treated as scripture, 201
voting rights and, 122
and white supremacy, 701
and women’s rights, 650, 653, 691
see also Bill of Rights, U.S.; specific amendments constitutional convention (1787), xi, 109–10, 119–28
adjournment of, 128
apportionment issue at, 123, 125
conflicts between states as issue at, 121
Connecticut compromise at, 125
debate at, 275
debt and taxation as issue at, 121
free speech discussed at, 291
Madison’s notes on, 110, 111, 118, 149, 240–41, 256–57
Northwest Ordinance enacted by, 124–25
representation as issue at, 121–22, 123, 124–25
secrecy pledge at, 121
slavery as issue at, 123–27
slave trade as issue at, 125–26
three-fifths rule adopted by, 125
Virginia Plan and, 120
Constitutional Courant, 83
constitutional crisis of 1840s and 1850s, 238–41
“Constitution for the New Deal,” 466
Constitution of the Air, 422–23
constitutions, 112, 240
English, 110
constitutions, state, 111–13
branches of government in, 113
Declarations of Rights in, 112, 113, 114
slavery and, 113–14
voting rights in, 112–13
constitutions, use of term, 110
consumers, 380–81
consumer spending, 528, 558
Continental army, 93
Continental Congress, 92, 93, 97–98, 128
Articles of Confederation enacted by, 114
boycott of British goods by, 91
and calculation of states’ share of taxes, 115–16
Caribbean trade banned by, 91
and foreign demands for repayment of debts, 114, 116
paper money issued by, 115, 116
and question of representation, 90–91
taxing authority lacked by, 114–15
Continental currency, 334
contraception, 386, 394
history of, 649
1970s activism, 647
and right to privacy, 650, 678, 685–86, 688
Supreme Court on, 649, 650, 653, 678
see also birth control
contract, liberty of, 378
Converse, Philip, 593
Cooke, Henry, 335
Cooke, Jay, 335
Coolidge, Calvin:
efficiency of taxation by, 405
propaganda used by, 414
Cooper, James Fenimore, 212
Cooper Union, 285
Copley, John Singleton, 72
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), 604–5, 606, 607
Cornwallis, Lord, surrender of, 103, 104
Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 23
corporations, 330, 333, 336–37
as people, 339, 348
people vs., 348
taxing of, 336
“corrupt bargain” (1828), 236
corruption, 708
Cortés, Hernán, 21, 22–23
Corwin, Norman, 491
Cosby, William, 61, 62–63
Cosmos (TV show), 681
cotton, 203
doubling of production of, 202
export of, 217
Cotton Belt, 438
cotton gin, 172
Cotton Is King (Christy), 281
Coughlin, Charles, 461, 476, 479
Coulter, Ann, 722–23, 727
Council on Foreign Relations, 474
counting and measuring, see quantification Country Party (New York), 62, 63
Court Party (New York), 62
courts, see judiciary; Supreme Court
cowboys, 334
Cox, Archibald, 643–44
Cox, James, 403
Coxe, Tench, 172
Creeks, 212
Creek War, 213, 214
Creel, George, 395, 396, 414, 488, 496
“Crime Against Kansas, The” (Sumner), 266
Crimean War, 301
criminal justice policy:
and Clinton administration, 699–700
and gun control debate, 673
and Johnson administration, 622–23
mass incarceration, 699–700
NFL kneeling protests, 628
and presidential election (1968), 632–33
Crisis, 371, 396, 497
Crisp, Mary, 665
critical race theory, 703
Cronkite, Walter, 561, 563–64, 563, 565, 643, 706–7, 743
“cross-of-gold” speech, 570
CRP (Committee to Re-elect the President), 641
Crusade for Justice, 634
Cruz, Ted, 774
Cuba, 370, 374
filibusters in, 281
missionaries in, 366
Polk’s desire to annex, 242
Cuban Missile Crisis, 604
Cudjoe, 58
Cugoano, Quobna Ottobah, 136
Culpeper, Va., 297
culture wars, 647–48, 676
and anti-feminist women’s movement, 646, 652–53, 661–62
and conservative Republican Party takeover, 658–59, 664–68
and Constitution, 653–54, 677–79
end of, 712–13
and evangelical churches, 662–64
and immigration, 674, 675
and National Women’s Conference, 661–62
and 1960s political consensus, 649–51, 672–73
and 1970s economic malaise, 658
and Schlafly, 655–56, 658–59, 661, 662, 664
and White Power movement, 673–74
and women’s rights activism, 646–47, 651–52, 654–55
Cushing, Caleb, 288
Czechoslovakia, 400, 467–68, 473, 475
Dachau, 513
Daguerre, Louis, 272–73
daguerreotype, 272–74
Dakota Sioux, 333
Daley, Richard, 633
dams, 442
Darkest Africa (Stanley), 750–51
Darrow, Clarence, 365, 420
Prohibition opposed by, 398
at Scopes trial, 416–19
Darwin, Charles, 8, 284, 417, 419
data processing, 557–59
data science, 597–99, 603–4, 635
Davenport, Charles, 392
Davis, Elmer, 491
Davis, Garrett, 326
Davis, Jeff, 365
Davis, Jefferson:
inauguration of, 290
made president of Confederacy, 289–90
slavery defended by, 293
slaves of, 296–97
Davis, John W., 411, 577–78, 579
Davis, Reuben, 285
Davis’s Hotel (Washingt
on), 176
Dawes, Henry Laurens, 337
Dawes Severalty Act, 337
D-Day, 505–6, 586
Dead of Antietam, The (exhibit), 294
Dean, Howard, 737
Dean, John, 633
debate, 275–76, 459–60
DeBow, James D. B., 292
Debs, Eugene, 352, 384, 385, 395–96, 416–17, 757–58
debt, national, Hamilton’s plan for repayment of, 138–40
debt, as slavery, 81, 82, 83
debtors’ prison, 141, 226
Declaration of Independence, xiv–xv, xvii, 75, 98–99, 112, 128, 154, 165, 227, 257–58, 280, 287, 728
and black Americans, 203–4
centennial of, 329
considered scripture, 202
criticism of, 256
fiftieth anniversary celebration of, 185
fiftieth anniversary of, 189–90, 199
Garrison’s praise of, 206
Jefferson’s draft of, 99
slavery ignored by, 99
Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace, 733
Declaration of Liberty by the Representatives of the Slave Population of the United States of America, 283
Declarations of Rights, 112, 113, 114
Defense Department, U.S., 538, 545
Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States (Adams), 155
defense spending, see military spending Degler, Carl, xviii
Delaware, 578
DeLay, Tom, 748
“Demands of the Vietnamese People, The,” 399
de Mier y Terán, Manuel, 222
democracy, xviii
doubts in the Depression about, 426
measurement of public opinion and, 452–57
Nazism vs., 434
negative connotation of term, 112, 121
peace and, 395
public relations and, 402
republicanism vs., 181
spread of, 191, 192
and television, 592
World War II fought for, 492
Democratic Leadership Council, 696
Democratic National Committee (DNC), 431, 432, 454, 456–57, 557
Democratic Party, U.S., 264, 282, 331
and Civil Rights Act, 613–14
congressional majority of, 537, 549, 552–53, 567–68
conservative opposition to, 556, 557, 563
1832 convention of, 219
1860 conventions of, 287
1864 convention of, 303
1876 convention of, 345
1880 convention of, 340
1896 convention of, 350–52, 351
1912 convention of, 543
in election of 1836, 224
in election of 1840, 227, 228
and gender gap, 668
Irish in, 209
and labor unions, 693, 696
and Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 621
1924 convention of, 410–11
1928 convention of, 428
1932 convention of, 429–30
People’s Party fused into, 346–47, 350
popular support for, 541–46, 560, 563, 564, 571, 572–73, 586
Populists folded into, 364–65
presidential election (1960), 597
presidential election (1964), 621
presidential election (1968), 633
rearrangement of, 431
rise of, 211
and southern strategy, 632, 636, 656, 667
southern white support for, 323
and technology, 693–96
Truman as leader of, 531, 541–46, 552 2004
convention of, 253
women’s rights supported by, 529
Democratic Party (Jacksonian), 186
Democratic-Republican Party, see Republicans (Jeffersonian)
Democratic Review, 243
demography, 157
denationalization, 526
Denmark, 473
Dennis v. United States, 552
deregulation, 671–72, 705–6
desegregation, racial, 530–31, 541, 575–88, 585, 663
Desk Set (film),574–75
Detroit, Mich., 383, 499, 500
Great Migration to, 371
Dewey, John, 395
Dewey, Thomas E., 541–46, 555–56, 563
Dias, Bartolomeu, 12, 17
Dickens, Charles, 234, 243–44
Dickinson, Anna, 264
Dickinson, John, 97, 127
Dies, Martin, Jr., 443–44, 498–99, 504
Difference Engine (Babbage), 193, 523
differential analyzer, 524
Diggers, 50
digital electronic computers, 524
direct mail, 666, 679
diseases, European, catastrophic effect on Native Americans of, 19–20
Disney, Walt, 528–29
Disneyland, 528–29, 566
disruption, economic, 735–36
District of Columbia v. Heller, 763–64
Divide and Conquer (MacLeish), 489
divine right of kings, 48, 54
Dixiecrats, 541
Dixon, Frank M., 541
Dodge City, Kans., 445
“Does the Negro Need Separate Schools?” (Du Bois), 581
Dole, Bob, 734–35
domestic economy, 197
Donnelly, Ignatius, 346
Doomsday Clock, 539, 587
Dougherty, John, 222
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 549
Douglas, Stephen:
Compromise of 1850
of, 260–61
in election of 1858, 265, 275, 276–79
in election of 1860, 288
and identity politics, 701
Kansas-Nebraska Act proposed by, 262
Lincoln’s criticism of, 285
Lincoln’s debates with, 275, 276–79, 286
Douglas, William O., 579, 584, 644, 650
Douglass, Frederick, 247–49, 248, 374, 417, 583, 767
black men urged to join Union army by, 300
Brown’s meeting with, 282, 283, 284
on citizenship rights, 327
Civil Rights Act pushed by, 319–20
on Columbian Exposition, 356–57
on constitutionality of slavery, 261–62
debate studied by, 276
Dred Scott decision denounced by, 270, 271
on Emancipation Proclamation, 297–98
escape from slavery, 314
Jim Crow’s rise explained by, 353, 355–56, 358
Lincoln’s study of, 264–65
on photography, 248, 273–74, 460
on separate creation of races, 256
worries about Reconstruction, 329
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 424
Downey, Sheridan, 449, 450, 549
draft riots, 300
Drake, Francis, 29
Dreams from My Father (Obama), 750
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 268–70, 291, 314, 360, 464, 727, 757
Dreher, Rod, 769, 778
Dresser, Robert B., 504–5
drought, in the Depression, 426, 439–40
Drudge, Matt, 710
Drudge Report, 763
drug laws, 376
drug policy, 699, 700
D’Souza, Dinesh, 727
Duane, William, 161–62
Du Bois, W. E. B., 296, 360, 369–70, 371, 396, 411, 496, 581
at Paris Peace Conference, 399
Duer, William, 140–41, 335
Dukakis, Michael, 694, 706
Duke Law School, 534
Dulles, John Foster, 574
Dunham, Stanley, 750–51
Dunham, Stanley Ann, 751
Dunmore, Lord, 93, 94–95
Du Pont, 448
du Pont, Irénée, 445, 446
du Pont, Lammont, 445, 446, 447
du Pont, Pierre, 445, 446
Durand, John, 2
Dutton, Frederick, 696
Dwight, Timothy, 159
Dyso
n, Esther, 732
“Earl Warren Special,” 561
Earp, Wyatt, 445
earth, geological history of, 7
East Asia Tin Works, 521–22
East India Company, 82, 88–89
Eastland, James, 582
Eaton, John, 181–82
Eckert, Presper, 524, 526–27, 558
Eckford, Elizabeth, 585, 585
Economic Consequences of the Peace, The (Keynes), 400
economic inequality:
and end of Cold War, 684
and Internet, 657–58
and Kennedy administration, 611–12
late 1960s increase in, 594
and 1970s economic malaise, 657, 658 1990s increase in, 702
see also poverty
Economic Opportunity Act (1964), 612
economic policy:
Clinton administration, 699, 700
deregulation, 671–72, 705–6
Keynesian, 592, 619, 657, 670
NAFTA, 699
Reagan administration, 669–72, 705–6
supply-side economics, 670, 671
economics, 348
economic situation:
early 1960s affluence, 591–92
late 1960s inflation, 629
1970s malaise, 656–57
1990s improvement, 714
and Reagan administration, 683
Edes, Benjamin, 92–93
Edison, Thomas, 424
Edison Institute, 424
Editors’ Research Bureau, 455
Edmunds, George F., 327
education, 527–30, 545, 553, 554–55, 557, 576, 579
of women, 386
Edward, Harry, 628
efficiency, 382
“eggheads,” 551–52, 561
Egyptians, 399
Ehrlichman, John, 638, 640
eight-hour workday, 346, 377, 388
Einstein, Albert, 474, 475, 526
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 741
and abortion, 649
and Cold War, 602
Commission on National Goals, 594–95, 597
conservative support for, 570, 579–80, 581
D-Day overseen by, 505
McCarthy as viewed by, 566, 568
and nuclear weapons, 680
Ohrduf visited by, 512, 513, 513
presidential campaign of (1952), 559–60, 562, 565
presidential campaign of (1956), 571–72
and presidential election (1960), 599, 602
racial policies of, 582, 584, 585–86
recording system, 640
religious affiliation of, 569
scientific research supported by, 587
“Eisenhower Answers America,” 560 Eisenstadt v. Baird, 650
Election Day, 342
election forecasts, 557–59, 563–65, 564
elections, California, 1934, 450–51
elections, direct, 156
elections, Illinois, 1858, 265
elections, indirect, 156–57
elections, U.S., 156–58
of 1789, 133
of 1796, 154, 158
of 1800, 154–55, 159–64, 160
of 1824, 180–85
of 1828, 185, 186
of 1832, 218–19
of 1836, 224–25
of 1840, 226–29, 257
