by Jill Lepore
Gordon, Thomas, 60
Gore, Al, 681, 696, 716–17
Gospel of Efficiency, 382–84, 404
government, Locke on role of, 53–54
Graham, Billy, 461, 568–69, 569, 616
Graham, Lindsey, 774
grain, 335
Grange, 335, 336
Grant, Madison, 392, 408
Grant, Ulysses S., 329
black support for, 324
on Civil War casualties, 293
corrupt administration of, 334
in election of 1868, 324
Lee’s surrender to, 305
grass-roots campaigns, 547
Great Basin, 333
Great Britain, 223, 537, 548, 554
American colonies of, see American colonies, British
antislavery movement in, 107–8
and creation of United Nations, 492
economy of, 406
in Four Powers Pact, 467–68
French wars with, 65–66, 76–77, 170, 171, 172
individual liberties in, 27, 33
in Munich crisis, 467, 474
Oregon Territory claimed by, 235, 242
at Paris Peace Conference, 400
political principles of, 27
as Protestant country, 26–27
repayment of American debt demanded by, 114
Restoration in, 50–51
in slave trade, 45–48
in United Nations, 503
U.S. arms used by, 475, 477, 480, 481
U.S. food sent to, 486
war on Germany declared by, 476–77
welfare state in, 378, 379
in World War I, 398
Great Depression, 424–25, 425, 436–44, 515, 529
end of, 486–87
“Great Lawsuit, The: Man versus Women” (Fuller), 252
Great Migration, 371, 576
Great Nebraska Silver Train, 350
Great Society, 611, 619, 623, 629, 657 “great train robbery,” 561
Greece, 537
Greeks, ancient, 11
Greeley, Horace, 235, 252, 303
Bleeding Kansas named by, 266
Emancipation Proclamation praised by, 297
slavery criticized by, 255
greenbacks, 334
Greenleaf, Thomas, 131
Grimes, William, 239–40
Grimké, Angelina, 252, 275
Grimké, Sarah, 652
Griswold v. Connecticut, 649, 653, 678, 685, 686, 688, 689, 768
Gruber, Bronko, 614
Guadalcanal, Battle of, 494
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of, 250, 251
Guantánamo Bay, 746–47, 766
Guatemala, 281, 574
Guatícabanú, 5, 16
Gulliver, 492
Gun Control Act (1968), 672, 679
gun control debate:
and Black Power movement, 627, 673
and conservatism, 672–74, 675–78
and originalism, 688
and political consensus, 672–73
and political polarization, 647–48, 676, 679
gun laws, 445–46
Gutenberg, Johannes, 13
Guttmacher, Alan F., 649
Hacker, Andrew, 638
Hadden, Briton, 412, 413
Haiti, 18, 337, 578
Columbus’s 1492 arrival at, 3–4
Columbus’s return to, 5
Columbus’s sketch map of, 4
constitution of, 240
French withdrawal from, 170
independence of, 203
revolution in, 254
revolution of 1791
in, 142–43, 143, 159
sugar plantations in, 142
Hakluyt, Richard, 25–26, 27–28
Haldeman, H. R., 626, 636, 637, 639, 640, 642
Haley, Alex, 660
Halifax, 136
Halsey, R. T. H., 407
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 748
Hamilton, Alexander, xiii–xiv, xvii, 117, 122, 134, 145, 154, 160, 163–64, 167, 624–25
on citizenship, 313
economic plan of, 334
as Federalist Papers coauthor, 128–29, 134, 166
and founding of Washington, DC, 139–40
on judiciary’s powers, 134–35
on self-rule by people, 420
U.S. Bank plan of, 138–39
Washington’s Farewell Address and, 146
Washington’s inaugural address written by, 133
Hamilton, Alexander (doctor), 67
Hamilton, Andrew, Zenger trial and, 62–63
Hancock, John, 92
Hanna, Mark, 374
Hannity, Sean, 755
Hanson, Peter, 720
Harbord, James G., 423
Harding, Warren G., 394, 504, 562
in election of 1920, 403
government efficiency desired by, 404–5
Harlan, John Marshall, 359–60
Harlem Renaissance, 411
Harpers Ferry, Va., 282–83, 284
Harrison, William Henry, 227, 234
in election of 1840, 227–28, 229
Hart, Gary, 696
Hartford Convention (1814), 173, 217
Harvard College, 45
Hastings, Lansford W., 242
Hatch, Orrin, 677, 678
hate speech codes, 703–4, 763
Hate That Hate Produced, The (TV documentary), 606
Hatfield, George, 450
Hayek, Friedrich A., 506, 507, 553, 592
Hayes, Rutherford B.:
in election of 1876, 329
strike broken by, 338
Haywood, Bill, 395
health care, and Clinton administration, 698–99
health insurance, 377, 378, 379–80, 438, 532–34, 533, 541, 546–48, 553–54, 560, 561, 570
Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 380
Hearst, William Randolph, 349, 366, 367, 434, 437, 448–49, 453, 463, 475–76, 479
Heartland Institute, 683
Heller, Walter, 611, 612
Hemings, Beverly, 178
Hemings, Elizabeth, 174
Hemings, Eston, 186
Hemings, Harriet, 178, 186, 187
Hemings, John, 186
Hemings, Madison, 178, 186
Hemings, Sally, 174
Jefferson’s children with, 173–76, 178, 186
Henry, Patrick, 91, 94, 130–31, 167
Henry, prince of Portugal, 11
Henry I, king of England, 40
Henry VIII, king of England, 26
Hepburn, Katharine, 574–75
Hercules (slave), 147
Heritage Foundation, 648, 663, 683
Herodotus, xvi
Herring, Pendleton, 479
Hersey, John, 494, 521–22, 574
Hewitt, Abram, 343
Higby, William, 326
Hill, Anita, 697
Hill, David, 344
Hinckley, John, Jr., 672, 676
Hindoo, 341
hippies, 695
Hirabayashi, Gordon, 495
Hirabayashi v. United States, 495
Hiroshima bombing (1945), 517, 521–22, 571
Hispaniola, see Haiti
Hiss, Alger, 509–10, 515, 540–41, 548–49, 550, 641
“Hiss Case—A Lesson for the American People, The” lecture (Nixon), 549
historical studies, 353–54
history:
ancient concept of, xvi
artifacts and, 8
faith vs., xvi–xvii, xix
as form of heritage, xix
as form of inquiry, xvi–xviii
fossil record and, 8
founders’ study of, xv
geological, 7
importance of counting and measuring in, 16–18
as inheritance, xx
as study of what remains, 4
writing and, 12–13, 15
History of the American People (Wilson), 374
History of the United States (Beard), 441
History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent to the Present (Bancroft), 10, 198–99, 353–54
History of the World (Ralegh), xvi
Hitchcock, Alfred, 502, 516–17
Hitler, Adolf, 427, 434, 449, 467, 468, 474, 516, 554
Anschluss announced by, 466
Coughlin’s admiration for, 476
Soviet Union invaded by, 481–82
U.S. disdained by, 475
war on U.S. declared by, 485
Ho, Lew Wa, 316
Hobbes, Thomas, 37, 61, 106
Hobby, Oveta Culp, 570
Ho Chi Minh, 399, 602, 603, 629
Hodge, A. A., 391
Hodge, Charles, 390–91
Hoey, Clyde, 551
Hofstadter, Richard, 562
Holiday, Billie, 396
Holland:
American Revolution and, 101
repayment of American debt demanded by, 116
Hollerith, Herman, 355, 404
Holmes, John Haynes, 522
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 362, 378, 405, 462
Holocaust, 529
Holt Street Baptist Church, 583
home, work vs., 193, 195, 196–97
home loans, 530
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, 504
Home Protection Party, 340
Homestead Act, 317, 332, 333
Homo sapiens (modern humans), evolution and migration of, 8
homosexuality, 530, 550–52
Honduras, 462
Hood River, Oreg., 421
Hoover, Herbert, 362, 433, 506, 562
and building of new Supreme Court building, 462
efficiency of government by, 405, 406, 423–24
in election of 1928, 421–22, 423
in election of 1932, 430–31
Federal Radio Act pushed by, 422, 423
inauguration of, 423
made secretary of commerce, 405–6
New Deal criticism of, 506–7
radio addresses of, 427–28
relief work by, 421
response to the Depression of, 424–25
Hoover, J. Edgar, 443, 499, 626, 641
Hopkins, Elizabeth, 39
Hopkins, Harry, 438
Hopper, Grace Murray, 523, 524
Horsmanden, Daniel, 62, 63–64
Hose, Sam, 370
House of Burgesses, 37–38, 48
House of Representatives, U.S., 125, 535, 537, 540, 572, 586
Committee on Foreign Relations of, 481
Education and Labor Committee of, 537
and 1924 election, 184
Indian removal voted on in, 215
as open to speculators, 132
in presidential election of 1800, 164
Special Committee to Investigate the Taylor and Other Systems of Shop Management, 384
Texas annexation voted on by, 238
Ways and Means Committee of, 301, 317
House of Truth, 405
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 443, 498–99, 540, 572
housing, 530, 576
Houston, Sam, 223, 290
Howard, Jacob, 322, 326–27
Howard Johnson’s restaurants, 578
Howard University Law School, 576
Howe, Julia Ward, 328
Howe, Quincy, 570–71
Howe, William, 100, 101
Howells, William Dean, 287–88
Hughes, Charles Evans, 393, 462–63, 465
Hughes, Langston, 531
Hull House, 380
human rights, xviii, 313, 503
Locke on, 53–55
slavery and, 86
as U.S. founding principle, xiv–xv
“Human Rights Not Founded on Sex” (Grimké), 252
Hume, Brit, 710
Hume, David, xv
Humphrey, Hubert, 633
Hungarians, 409
Hungary, 383, 426
Huntington, Samuel P., 722
Hurja, Emil, 454
Hurston, Zora Neale, 441
Hussein, Saddam, 740
Hutchinson, Thomas, 79
hydrogen bomb, 524–25, 539, 571
I, Candidate for Governor: And How I Got Licked (Sinclair), 450
IBM, 523
Ickes, Harold, 710
Idaho, 242, 324
creation of, 332
women’s voting rights in, 386
Ideas Have Consequences (Weaver), 554
identity politics, 668
and political polarization, 701–2, 703
“I Have a Dream” speech (King), 609–10
Illinois, 221
eight-hour workday in, 377
movement to, 221
Immigrant Dangers to the Free Institutions of the United States through Foreign Immigrants (Morse), 208, 263
immigrant labor, 383
immigrants:
encouraging of, 208
nineteenth-century rise in, 208
and populist movement, 344
immigration, 314, 727
and identity politics, 701
restrictions on, 325, 336, 359, 407–11, 408
and White Power movement, 674
Immigration Act, 409
Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), 674
“Impeach Earl Warren” campaign, 582
Imperial Hearst (Lundberg), 449
imperialism, 366, 482
Incas, 8
income inequality, 757–58, 766–67
income tax, 347
in Civil War, 301
graduated, 345, 346
opposition to, 504–5
passage of Sixteenth Amendment on, 376–77
in Progressive Era, 364
TR’s endorsement of, 376
Independence, Mo., 531
Independent, 269
Indiana:
as free state, 176
gun laws in, 445
movement to, 221
suffrage sold in, 342
Indiana University, 528
Indian immigrants, 409
Indian’s Appeal to the White Men of Massachusetts, An, 215
Indonesia, 456
industrial accident compensation, 377
industrialization, 366, 529
economic security vs., 377
rise in 1920s of, 404
slavery and, 191
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 395
industry, 334
inflation, 629
influenza epidemic, 398
information age, 520
see also computers
Infowars, 724–25, 728–29, 762
infrastructure, 337–38
“In God We Trust” motto, 569
In His Steps: What Would Jesus Do? (Sheldon), 366
Innovator’s Dilemma, The (Christensen), 736
Inquiry, 396
Inquisition, 12
Institute for Legislative Action, 675
intellectuals, 551–55, 561, 568–69
Inter-Allied Board, 398
Interest in Slavery of the Southern Non-Slaveholder, The (DeBow), 292
Internal Revenue Bureau, 301, 377
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 405
Internal Security Act (1950), 551
International Business Machines (IBM), 355, 404
Internet, 587, 731–38, 744, 769–70
and Clinton ethics investigations, 710
and economic inequality, 657–58
Gilder on, 671
and political polarization, 648
Interstate Commerce Committee, 384
inventors, 198
Iowa:
farm cooperatives in, 336
immigrants recruited to, 208
Iowa method, 455
Iranian hostage crisis, 680, 722
Iraq, 740, 765
Iraq War, 740–42, 741, 753, 766
Ireland, famine in, 209
Irish immigrants, 208, 209, 313
Iron Curtain, 536
Iroquois confederation (Six Nations), 66
in French and Indian War, 80
Isidore, Archbishop of Seville, 14, 15
Islamic fundamentalism, 722, 739–40
Islamic State, 765
isolationism, 406–7, 477, 481–82, 492, 537
Italians, 383, 409
Italy, 383, 427, 462, 517
in Axis, 466, 479
Ethiopia invaded by, 427
in Four Powers Pact, 467–68
invasion of, 502
at Paris Peace Conference, 400
It’s Up to the Women (Eleanor Roosevelt), 433
Jackson, Andrew, 173, 176, 225, 268, 332, 563
criticism of, 198, 208, 212
in election of 1824, 180–85, 183
in election of 1828, 186
in election of 1832, 218–19
and election of 1836, 224–25
inauguration of, 186–88, 187
Indian removal policies of, 212–13, 214–15, 216–17, 337
Lincoln’s opposition to, 288
majority rule as principle of, 187
national bank opposed by, 219–20, 239
nullification opposed by, 217, 218
Panic of 1837
caused by, 226, 227
people’s support for, 212
populism and, 181
and progress, 198, 199
Tyler’s criticism of, 233
Jackson, James, 135
Jackson, Mahalia, 610
Jackson, Robert, 579, 580
Jackson, Robert H., 446
Jacksonianism, and Second Great Awakening, 191
Jacobs, Harriet, 261
Jacquard, Joseph-Marie, 193
Jamaica, 34, 91
Maroon Wars in, 58
slave rebellions in, 63, 84, 85, 99
James, Henry, 390
James, William, 361, 368
James I, king of England, 32, 41
divine right of kings claimed by, 32, 39–40, 42
Virginia charter of, 32–33, 34
James River, 36
Jamestown, Bacon’s burning of, 56
Jane Crow, 500
Japan:
atomic bomb dropped on, 517
in Axis, 466, 479
Manchuria invaded by, 427, 481–82
Nanking invaded by, 481–82
in Pacific War, 493–94
Pearl Harbor attacked by, 484, 487, 494
Japanese Americans, internment of, 494–96, 495, 532
Japanese immigrants, 409
Jastrow, Robert, 683
Jay, John, 101, 103, 106, 163–64
as chief justice, 166–67
citizenship desired limited by, 312
as Federalist Papers coauthor, 129
Jay Cooke & Company, 335
Jefferson, Martha Wayles, 173
Jefferson, Thomas, xiv, xvii, 110, 111, 116, 117, 129, 134, 137–38, 139, 145, 159, 169, 174, 184–85, 212, 332, 360, 363, 728
Alien and Sedition Acts and, 158–59
death of, 185–86, 190, 199
in debate with Adams on Constitution, 153–54
and Declaration of Independence, 98–99
1807 embargo and, 171–72
in election of 1796, 158
in election of 1800, 154–55, 160–62, 160, 164
