The Ottoman Empire: a Historical Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mehrdad Kia, PhD, is professor of Middle Eastern and North African history and director of the Central and Southwest Asian Studies Center at the University of Montana. His published works include Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis; Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire; and The Persian Empire. Kia holds a doctorate in Middle Eastern and North African history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
INDEX
Bold indicates volume numbers.
Abaza Hassan, 2:114
Abbas Hilmi (1874–1944), 1:55–56
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), 1:97–103
Ahmed I (1590–1617) (r. 1603–1617), battles with, 2:74–76
Murad IV (1612–1640) (r. 1623–1640), 2:128–129
Safavid dynasty, 1:156–157
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi (1808–1883), 2:31–34
Abduh, Muhammad (1849–1905), 2:34–35
Abdülaziz (1830–1876) (r. 1861–1876), 2:63–65, 132
Abdulaziz ibn Saud, 1:6–8
Abdülhamid I (1725–1789) (r. 1774–1789), 2:65–67
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (Kuchuk Kaynarja) (1774), primary document, 2:199–200
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:67–71
Armenians and, 1:206
Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:xlv–xlvi
Young Turks, Ahmed Riza (1859–1930), 2:40–41
Young Turks and collapse of the empire, 1:xlvii; 2:55–61
Abdülhamid Ziya (Ziya Pasha)(1825/1826 or 1829/1830–1880), 1:195–197
Abdul Hassan Khareqani (963–1033), 2:26
Abdullah Ali, 1:6–8
Abdülmecid (Abdülmejid) (1823–1861) (r. 1839–1861), 2:71–74
Erzurum, Treaty of (1847), 1:21–22
Tanzimat (reorganization), 1:158–161
Abu Said Abul Khayr (967–1049), 2:26
A
bu Taleb, 1:98
Adivar, Halide Edib (Halide Edib) (1883–1964), 1:169–170
Administration, Central, 1:103–107
“Çelebi Effendi’s Defense of Sultan Selim III’s Nizam-i Jadid (Nizam-i Cedid),” 2:200–204
“Destruction of the Janissary Corps: Mahmud II’s Firman Abolishing the Janissary Corps (June 17, 1826),” 2:204–209
introduction, 1:xvii–xxiv
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), 2:112–113
muhtasib and ihtisab, 1:138–140
Nizam-i Cedid (Nizam-i Jedid), 1:57, 58, 145–147; 2:139–140, 153, 154–156
“Noble Rescript of Gülhane (1839),” primary document, 2:209–212
Ottoman Constitution (December 1876), primary document, 2:212–219
“The Young Turk Revolution: The Second (1909) Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Selected Articles,” 2:220–222
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” primary documents, 2:232–234
Administration, Provincial, 1:108–110
introduction, 1:xvii–xxiv
Nizam-i Cedid (Nizam-i Jedid), 1:57, 58, 145–147; 2:139–140, 153, 154–156
“Trade Guilds in the Ottoman Empire,” primary documents, 2:232–234
Admirals, central administration, 1:103–104
See also Navy
Adrianople (Edirne)
Murad I (1326–1389) (r. 1362–1389), 2:120
Adrianople, Treaty of (1829), 1:1–3
Afghani (Assadabadi), Jamal al-Din (1838/1839–1897), 2:34, 36–40, 70–71
Afghanistan
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), 2:81
Sufi orders, 2:26
Afshar (Afsharid) dynasty
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), 1:140–145
Āğā (āghā) (commander), 1:103–104
Agriculture. See Administration, Provincial
Ahis, 2:27
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (Ahmed Jevdet Pasha) (1823–1895), 1:170–172
Ahmed I (1590–1617) (r. 1603–1617), 2:74–77
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), battle with, 1:101–102
harem life, primary documents, 2:172–179
“Of the Audience and Entertainment Given to Ambassadors,” 2:170–172
Topkapi Palace, primary documents, 2:165–170
Ahmed II (1643–1695), 2:77
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), 2:78–82
Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), conflicts with, 1:121
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), battles with, 1:141–142
“Ottoman Terms of Peace Accepted by Russia at Pruth (July 10/21, 1711),” 2:192–194
“Sultan Ahmed III at the Royal Parade,” 2:179–180
Ahmed Riza (1859–1930), 2:40–41, 56–57
Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1845–1936), 1:56–57
Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1823–1891), 1:172–173
Akçe (akche) (silver coinage), 1:108
Akçuraoglu Yusuf (Yusuf Akçura) (1876–1935), 1:194–195
Ak Koyunlu (Aq Qoyunlu)
Başkent (Bashkent), Battle of (1473), 1:12–14
Mehmed II (1432–1481) (r. 1444–1446, 1451–1481) and, 2:107–108
Uzun Hassan (1423–1478), 1:165–167
Alāy beys, 1:109
Albania and Albanians, 1:199–203
Ali Pasha of Janina (Tepedelenli Ali Pasha), 1:62–64
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:xlv, 17–18
Karlowitz, Treaty of (1699), 1:31–32
League of Prizren, 1:202
nationalist movement, 1:201–203
Skanderbeg (Gjergj (George) Kastrioti, Iskender Bey) (1405–1468), 2:49–51
Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 1:201–202
Alcohol, 2:7
Alemdar Mustafa Pasha (1765–1808), 1:57–59; 2:140–141
Algeria
Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi (1808–1883), 2:31–34
Abdülhamid II (1842–1918) (r. 1876–1909), 2:69–70
Ali Mardan Khan, 1:132
Āli Pasha, Mehmed Emin (1815–1871), 1:59–62
Ziya Pasha (Abdülhamid Ziya) (1825/1826 or 1829/1830–1880), 1:196
Ali Pasha of Janina (Tepedelenli Ali Pasha), 1:62–64
Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), 1:24–25
Ali Qoli Khan Shamlu, 1:97–98
al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman ibn Hassan (1753/1754–1825), 1:173–174
Allaverdi Khan, 1:100
Allenby, Edmund, 1:7
Amasya, 2:14
Amasya, Treaty of (1555), 1:3–4; 2:160
Ambassadors, visit protocol, 1:105–106
primary documents, 2:170–172
Amcāzāde (Amjāzāde) Hüseyin Pasha, 1:xxxiv; 2:137
Anatolia
Ahmed I (1590–1617) (r. 1603–1617), 2:74–75
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:111–117
Bayezid I (1360–1403) (r. 1389–1402), 2:82–83
Hünkār Iskelesi, Treaty of (1833), 1:27–28
Murad I (1326–1389) (r. 1362–1389), 2:120–121
Murad II (1404–1451) (r. 1421–1444, 1446–1451), 2:121–124
Orhan Gāzi (1281–1362), 2:142
Osman I (1258–1326) (r. 1290–1326), 2:146–147
Treaty of Erzurum (1823), 1:21
Treaty of Erzurum (1847), 1:21–22
Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 1:148
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:118–119
Uzun Hassan (1423–1478), 1:165–167
Andrea Doria, 1:66–67
Ankara, Battle of (1402), 1:5–6
Timur (1336–1405), 1:162–165
Aq Qoyunlu (Ak Koyunlu)
Başkent (Bashkent), Battle of (1473), 1:12–14
Mehmed II (1432–1481) (r. 1444–1446, 1451–1481) and, 2:107–108
Uzun Hassan (1423–1478), 1:165–167
Arabic-speaking Jews, 1:214–219
Arab Revolt (1916–1918), 1:6–8; 2:60
Hussein ibn Ali (1854–1931) and the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915–1916), 2:41–43
Lawrence, T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia) (1888–1935), 1:134–138
“McMahon-Hussein Correspondence of 1915: Sir Henry McMahon’s Second Note to Sharif Hussein (October 24, 1915),” 2:222–223
Arabs
Balfour Declaration (1917), 1:9
Ibn Saud Family, 2:46–47
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:50–51; 2:43, 224–225
Young Turk revolution, 2:220
Architecture
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), 1:100
Ahmed I (1590–1617) (r. 1603–1617), 2:76
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), 2:79–80
Karim Khan Zand (ca. 1705–1779), 1:133–134
Sinan (1489–1588), 1:191–193
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566) and, 2:160
Ardahan, 1:148
Armenia
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), 1:100–101
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), 2:80–81
Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 1:148
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:118
Armenian Gregorian Christians, 1:xviii
Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaks), 1:205–206
Armenians, 1:204–208
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:113–117
deportation of (1915), 1:l, 72, 95–96, 206–207; 2:60–61
Kurds and, 1:220–221
nationalism, 1:205–206
Armistice of Mudanya (1922), 1:115; 2:119
Armistice of Mudros (1918), 1:l
Arts and culture
Karim Khan Zand (ca. 1705–1779), 1:133–134
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566) and, 2:160
sultans and poetry, 2:160
See also Historians, writers, poets, and scholars
Arz odasi (chamber of petitions), 1:150
Ashkenazi Jews, 1:214–219
Āşik (āshik), 2:2
Āșikpāșāzāde (ĀshikPpāșāzāde) (1400-ca. 1484), 1:174–176
Askeri, defined, 1:xvii
Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal) (1881–1938), 1:l, 111–117
“Three Currents of Thought by Ziya Gökalp,” primary document, 2:226–231
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), 1:48–49; 2:119
Audience chamber, palace, 1:150
Austria
Battle of Lepanto (1571), 1:39
Bosnia and, 1:209
Congress of Berlin (1878), 1:xliv–xlv, 16–18, 210; 2:69
Crimean War (1853–1856) and Treaty of Paris (1856), 1:19–21; 2:73
Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), 1:119–121
Gallipoli, 1:23
Mehmed IV (1642–1693) (r. 1648–1687), battles with, 2:162
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566), battles with, 2:157
Three Emperors’ Alliance, 1:209–210
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:30–33
Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), 1:44–45
Austro-Ottoma War (1787–1791)
Treaty of Sistova (1791), 1:49–50
Aya Sofya (St. Sophia, Hagia Sophia), 2:106
Azad Khan, 1:133
Azerbaijan
Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1571–1629), battles with, 1:100–101
Ahmed I (1590–1617) (r. 1603–1617), battles with, 2:74–76
Ahmed III (1673–1736) (r. 1703–1730), battles with, 2:80–81
Halveti Order, 2:13–15
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566), battles with, 2:157, 159
“Treaty of Peace and Frontiers: The Ottoman Empire and Persia (May 17, 1639),” 2:181–183
Azov, Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), 1:121
Bābās, 2:1, 2, 26
Bab-i Āli (High Gate), 1:103
Bab-i Hümayun (Imperial Gate), 1:149
Bab-üs Saadet (Gate of Felicity), 1:149
Bab-üs Selam (Middle Gate / Gate of Salutation), 1:149
Baghdad
Arabic-speaking Jews, 1:214
Kadiris, 2:15
“McMahon-Hussein Correspondence of 1915: Sir Henry McMahon’s Second Note to Sharif Hussein (October 24, 1915),” 2:223
Midhat Pasha (1822–1884), 1:91
Murad IV (1612–1640) (r. 1623–1640), 1:157; 2:128–129, 131
Nader Shah Afshar (1688–1747), 1:143; 2:95
Safavid Dynasty, 1:101; 2:75, 86, 92
Süleyman I (1494–1566) (r. 1520–1566), 1:3, 156; 2:157, 159
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916), 1:7, 50; 2:224–225
Timur (1336–1405), conquest of, 1:5, 163; 2:83