by Stephen Case
West Point residence, 130, 132, 132–33, 136
will of, 219
Arnold, Benedict (father), 58
Arnold, Benedict (grandfather), 58
Arnold, Benedict (great-grandfather), 58
Arnold, Benedict (son), 59, 177, 179, 204, 217
Arnold, Edward Shippen, 119, 158, 159, 180, 204, 214, 223, 225
Arnold, George (son, 1784), 199
Arnold, George (son, 1787), 199, 205, 206, 214, 225–26
Arnold, Hannah, 59, 63, 90, 124, 130, 134, 177, 204, 208, 225
Arnold, Henry, 61, 177, 179, 204, 205, 208, 223, 224–25
Arnold, James Robertson, 193, 204, 214, 223, 226
Arnold, John Sage, 204, 219, 225
Arnold, Margaret (daughter), 199
Arnold, Margaret Mansfield (first wife), 59
Arnold, Margaret “Peggy” Shippen
André capture and letters, 156
André execution response, 187
André keepsakes given to, 53, 228
at André monument, 198–99
Arnold court-martial charges, 87–88, 117
Arnold courtship and marriage request, 71–72, 83–85
Arnold marriage, 89–90
Arnold post-escape letters to, 163–64
British pension for services, 196
in Canada, 202, 203–4, 207
conspiracy and innocence, public declarations of, 165–68, 173–74
conspiracy code names, 101, 104
conspiracy confession, 170–71
conspiracy information transfer and assistance, 101–2, 104, 105, 108, 110–11
conspiracy participation and aides, 137–38, 141, 142, 149–50
conspiracy participation and letter writing, 129–30
conspiracy participation and West Point lobbying, 124, 127
conspiracy success speculation, 230
death and burial, 228
description and personality, 2, 14–16, 166, 168, 188, 197, 200, 215
drawings of, 28, 159
dueling incidents, 210–14
early years, 2–6, 11, 13
family history, 6–11
family residences, 21, 23, 89, 120
father’s portrait, 214
financial management, 166, 202, 213, 214, 221–25
health, 217, 218, 221, 224, 227–28
hysteria and, 48, 127–28, 160–61, 162, 164–65
Lafayette and, 155–56
legacy, 231
London exile and residences, 195–200, 201, 203, 208–9, 214, 217, 221
on marriage, 220
Meschianza guest, 45–46, 48, 55
New York residences, 180
ostracism and exile, 168–70, 171–72, 173–76, 189
Philadelphia residences, 89, 116, 120, 223
Philadelphia visit, 205–7
political loyalties, 188
pregnancies and childbirth, 112, 113, 119, 188, 192–93, 199–200, 205, 214
riots, 116
social life in London, 214, 222, 227
social life in New York, 188–90
social life in Philadelphia, 25–26, 29, 40–41, 42, 53
travel to West Point, 133–34
treason and punishment speculation, 229–30
West Point residences, 130, 132, 132–33, 136, 138
Arnold, Richard, 59, 177, 179, 201, 204, 208, 223, 224–25
Arnold, Sophia, 14, 199, 204, 214, 218, 226, 227
Arnold, William Fitch, 214, 226, 227
Arnold, William Trail, 226–27
Bailey’s Dictionary, 105
Battle of Brandywine, 38
Battle of Saratoga, 68
“Battle of the Kegs, The” (Hopkinson), 43
Beckwith, George, 121
bigamy, 9
Billy Lee (Washington’s servant), 156
Bingham, Caleb, 14
Bond, Williamina, 82
Boston Massacre, 17
Boston Tea Party, 17
Braddock, Lady Almeria, 211
Burd, Edward Shippen, 116
Burd, Ned, 19–20, 22, 82, 84, 173, 174, 176, 206, 219
Burgoyne, John, 21, 38, 44, 68
Burnaby, Andrew, 6
Burr, Aaron, 170–71, 211
Cadwalader, John, 82
Carleton, Sir Guy, 34, 35, 196
Caron de Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin, 44
chairs, traitor’s, 208
Champe, John, 190–91
Charlotte, Queen of England, 196
Charming Nancy (ship), 74, 80, 117, 118
Chew, Benjamin, 5, 39, 46
Chew, Nancy, 98
Chew, Peggy
André and, 29, 39, 42, 52–53, 98–99
as conspiracy correspondence intimate, 104–5
friendships, 26
Meschianza guest, 45, 46, 48, 55
post-revolutionary life, 57
Christ Church, 3–4, 25
Church, Benjamin, 230
Clinton, Henry
André-Arnold trade proposition, 182–83
André defense, 181
André execution and response of, 186
André relationship with, 96–98
André secret service assignment, 99
Arnold command and orders, 191
Arnold conspiracy payment negotiations, 144, 179, 213
conspiracy plots and, 123, 126, 135, 142
letters criticizing André to, 107
military assignment, 45
papers on Shippen Arnold pension and service, 196
replacement of, 196
war movements, 95, 120–21
war perspective, 99
clothing shortages, 145
code, 104, 105
code names, 101, 104, 105–6, 107, 121, 135, 136, 139
Colquhoun, Joseph, 143–44, 144–45
Colquhoun, Samuel, 143–44, 144–45
Commentary on the Laws of England (Blackwell), 104
Common Sense (Paine), 20
Congress (ship), 66
conspiracy plots of Benedict Arnold
André’s capture, 150–56
Arnold’s aides as threats to, 136, 137–38, 139–40, 141, 149–50
Arnold’s post-escape letters, 162–64
arrests, 164
British coconspirator substitutes, 121
code names, 101, 104, 105–6, 107, 121, 136, 139
communication methods and codes, 104, 105, 106
confiscated letters, 135
contact and plan development, 102–4
escape plan, 132
map of locations, 131
masterminds, 92–93
meetings with officers, 125–26, 134, 135–36, 141, 142–46
messengers, 101–9, 126, 130
payment negotiations, 107–10, 126, 129, 144, 179–80, 213–14
personal letters with military information, 105, 125, 129–30
publicity of, 166
reasons behind, 93–94, 120, 172
reconnection attempts, 120
Shippen Arnold’s innocence, 160–61, 162, 164–66
shopping request letters, 108, 110–11, 134–35, 173–74
Vulture and Robinson correspondence, 139–41
Washington’s proclamation of Canadian invasion, 122
Washington’s secret conference, 138–39
West Point command and takeover plan, 122–25, 126–29, 132–33
Constitution Island, 122–23
Cornwallis, Lord, 191, 192, 194, 195, 222
Cowboys, 147, 148, 150
Coxe, Daniel, 227
&
nbsp; Coxe, Sarah, 227
currency issues, 93, 114
dances, 25–26, 55
Dancing Assembly, 25–26
Deane, Silas, 114, 137
DeBlois, Elizabeth “Betsy,” 67, 70
Declaration of Independence, 21
DeLancey, Oliver, 41, 47, 134
Dickinson, John, 21
divorce, 84
Dixon, Jeremiah, 5
Drinker, Elizabeth, 51
dueling, 210–14
Dundas, Thomas, 191
Du Simitiere, Pierre-Eugene, 52
Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 31
effigies, 171–72, 173, 208
Ellet, Elizabeth, 168
Elphinstone, Mrs., 211
Eustis, William, 161, 162
executions, 183, 185–87, 229
Fair Penitent, The (Rowe), 107
First Continental Congress, 17, 41, 61
Fitch, Ann, 214, 219, 227
Fitch, Sarah, 214, 219, 227
Fitch, William, 214, 219
Fitzgerald, John, 117
Fort Arnold, 122
Fort Griswold massacre, 193
Fort Lafayette, 107, 121
Fort St. Jean, 35, 62–63
Fort Ticonderoga, 34, 62
Fort Wilson Riot, 115–16
Fox, James, 211
France, 44, 93, 94
Francis, Margaret. See Shippen, Margaret Francis
Francis, Tench, 9, 83
Franklin, Benjamin
André looting house of, 52
André wartime occupation of house of, 41
on Arnold in England, 197
on Arnold’s conspiracy payment, 180
French revolutionary support, 44
as Shippen family houseguest, 5
Franks, Becky
André keepsakes, 29, 37
on British soldier womanizing, 43
friendship with, 26–27, 189, 199–200
as Loyalist, 56
post-revolutionary life, 56–57
punishment and ostracism, 55
Van Horn description, 97
wartime social life, 40–41, 45, 46
Franks, David (Arnold’s aide)
Arnold espionage suspicions, 160
Arnold’s post-escape letters on, 163
arrest of, 164
conspiracy knowledge, 130
as conspiracy threat, 136–38, 141
military protocol disputes, 78
political loyalties, 137
profiteering participation and charges, 74, 117–18
Shippen Arnold companionship, 130, 133, 136, 137–38, 169
Shippen Arnold hysteria, 161
Shippen Arnold innocence, 167
Smith arguments with, 149–50
Washington’s arrival at Robinson House, 156
Franks, David (merchant), 36–37, 46–47
Frederick Augustus, Prince (Duke of York), 211
French and Indian War, 16, 196
Furious Whigs, 18
Galloway, Grace, 98–99, 114
Gates, Horatio, 65, 67, 68
George, King of England, 197, 198
Gérard, Alexandre, 94
Germain, George, 195
Gerry, Elbridge, 120
Giles, Aquila, 110–11, 134
Greene, Nathanael, 94, 123, 164, 180
Green Mountain Boys, 62
Grey, Charles “No Flint,” 38–39, 52, 96, 216
Grieve, George, 176
Griscom Ross, Elizabeth “Betsy,” 5–6
Gustavus (code name), 101, 105–6, 109, 136
hair styles, 56
Hale, Nathan, 181
Hamilton, Alexander, 140, 161, 164, 165, 166, 182, 183, 186, 211
Hamond, Andrew Snape, 42–43
Henry, Patrick, 19
Hessian troops, 23, 38, 69, 191
Holker, Jean, 120, 202
Holmes, Lorenda, 230
homosexuality, 96–97
Hopkinson, Francis, 43
Houston, William Church, 172
Howard, John Eager, 57
Howe, Robert, 130, 132, 181
Howe, William, 24, 38, 43, 44, 45–52, 101
Howe’s Thespians, 41–42
hysteria, 48, 127, 160–61, 162, 164–65
ink, invisible, 104
Intolerable Acts, 17, 18
Jameson, John, 152–53, 156
James Osborn (code name), 139
Jay, John, 168
J.B. Ring (code name), 121
Jefferson, Thomas, 4, 138, 192
John Anderson (code name), 101, 135, 136, 137, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153
Johnson, Sir Henry, 56
Johnstone, George, 199
Jones, John Paul, 95
Jones, Thomas, 52
Joseph Andrews (code name), 101
keepsakes, 52–53, 224–25
Kemble, Stephen, 96
kidnapping plans, 190–91
Knox, Henry, 140, 181
Knyphausen, Wilhelm von, 121
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 123
Lady (code name), 104
Lafayette, Marquis de, 140, 155, 161–62, 163, 165, 181, 186
Lauderdale, Earl of, 210
Laurel Hill estate, 189
Laurens, Henry, 54, 195
Lawrence, Elisha, 57
lawsuits, 202, 208, 224
Lee, Charles, 77–78
Levy, Hannah, 80–81, 118
Lincoln, Benjamin, 69
Liverpool (British ship), 20
Livingston, Robert R., 124
London exile, 194–200, 201, 203, 208–9, 214, 217, 221–22, 227
Lord Middlebrook (ship), 201
Lord Sheffield (ship), 202, 203
Loring, Elizabeth, 43
Lothario (code name), 107
Loyalists (Tories)
in Canada, 201
categories of, 18
in England, 200
exile statistics, 195
highway raiders, 147, 148, 150
in New York, 97
Pennsylvanian politics and, 23–24, 37, 54, 55–56
persecution of, in Philadelphia, 114, 115, 194
poetry by, 103
loyalty oaths, 92
Macpherson, John, 89
Maitland, James, 210
marriage doctrines, 84
Mason, Charles, 5
Mason-Dixon Line, 5
massacres, 17, 38, 193
Matlack, Timothy, 78–79, 206
McKean, Thomas, 24
McLane, Allen, 51, 54
medicine, 5
Meschianza, 45–52, 55
Millinery Letter, 110–11, 173–74
Moderate Men, 18
Monk (code name), 101, 104
Monk, George, 104
Montgomery, Richard, 35, 36, 64–65
monuments, 198
Moore, Peter, 222
Morris, Mary, 55–56, 72
Morris, Robert, 115, 127, 168
Morristown camp, 94
Mount Pleasant estate, 89, 120, 223
Mr. Moore (code name), 101
Mrs. Moore (code name), 101
New London destruction, 193
New York, 97–98
Odell, Jonathan, 103, 104–6, 108–9, 126, 130, 135, 139
Owen, Robert Dale, 162
Paca, William, 88, 110
Paine, Thomas, 20, 157
Paoli Massacre, 38
parties, 25–26, 45–52, 55
Patriots, 18, 37, 55, 61, 147, 152
P
aulding, John, 151–52
Peale, Charles Willson, 172
Peggy (ship), 203
Penn, William, 7
Penn Mansion, 73, 116, 120
Petticoat Duel, 211
Philadelphia
British departure and Loyalist treatment, 54, 114
British occupation of, 25–26, 40, 41–45
churches in, 3–4
First Continental Congress meeting place, 17
mayors of, 7, 8
post-revolutionary descriptions, 3–4, 7
postwar descriptions, 206
during revolution, 22
wartime conditions, 114–15
wartime indulgences, 45–52, 79–80, 94
wartime riots, 115
Phillips, William, 192
Phipps, Pownoll, 226
Pitt, William, 213–14, 218
plundering, 99
poisoning, 192
pregnancy, 7, 15, 113
Prevost, Theodosia, 170, 211
Price, Richard, 95
Princeton University, 8
prisoner exchanges, 103, 108
profiteering, 73–74, 80, 85–88, 116–18, 137, 191–92
prostitutes, 43
Pulaski, Casimir, 93
Quakerism, 3, 6–7, 8, 48
Quebec attack, 63–65
Queen’s Rangers, 191
Rank Tories, 18
Rawle, Anna, 189, 194, 195
Rawle, Francis, 188
Rawle, William, 196–97
Redman, Becky, 26, 29, 45, 46, 52, 55, 57
Redman, Nancy, 45
Reed, Esther, 76, 114, 189
Reed, Joseph
Arnold charges and court-martial case, 85–89, 90, 117, 118
Arnold property confiscation, 172–73
Arnold relationship and disputes, 74, 78–81, 190
background, 76
death of, 206
description, 75
Fort Wilson Riot arrests, 115–16
Loyalist houses confiscation, 114, 189
military career, 76–78
militia dinners hosted by, 194
political career, 78
religion, 3, 6–7
Revere, Paul, 67
Revolutionary War, overview. See also related topics.
American captivity conditions, 22, 40
battles and movements, 21–22, 23, 34–36, 39, 44–45, 51, 61–69, 93–95, 107, 191–92
British captivity conditions, 36–38
British occupation, 25–26, 40, 41–44, 97–98
British view of colonists, 21
declaration of, 19
events leading to, 16–17, 19
map, 32–33
massacres, 17, 38, 193
pamphlets fueling, 20
