by Fergal Keane
Black and Tans: These paramilitary police reinforcements were overwhelmingly recruited in Britain to support the regular Royal Irish Constabulary. They were so called because of their uniform of dark green tunic and khaki pants. Many had served in the ranks of the British military in the Great War. Up to 10,000 men were recruited into the Black and Tans.
Cumann na mBan: The organisation was set up in 1914 as a women’s volunteer movement to campaign for an independent Irish Republic. The women acted alongside the militant faction of the Irish Volunteers during 1916 and in the War of Independence. Cumann na mBan split after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, with the majority of its members opposing the Free State.
Free State: The 26-county state which came into being after the withdrawal of the British from the south in 1922. Under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Free State remained within the British empire but was self-governing with its own army, control over taxation and foreign affairs. The British monarchy was represented by a Governor General, in much the same fashion as countries like Canada and Australia. The other six counties of Ireland remained under British rule and became the Unionist-dominated state of Northern Ireland.
IRA: The Irish Republican Army grew out of the militant faction of the Irish Volunteers that had staged the Easter Rising of 1916. The IRA waged war against Irish police, British paramilitary police and the British military during the period 1919–23. In the aftermath of the War of Independence, the IRA split into pro- and anti-Treaty factions. One of these became the National Army of the Irish Free State. The anti-Treaty side continued to call itself the IRA and was defeated after a civil war. To the present day armed Republicans claim the mantle of the original IRA and regard both British and Irish governments on the island of Ireland as illegitimate.
IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood was an oathbound secret society founded with the avowed aim of overthrowing British rule in Ireland. Known popularly as the ‘Fenians’, the IRB staged an abortive rebellion in 1858. However, its leaders would influence the generation of Republican activists who carried out the Easter Rising in 1916, as well as forming a core group who dominated the IRA in the years afterwards.
Irish Volunteers: The organisation was established in 1913 in response to the mobilisation and arming of northern Protestants who had formed the Ulster Volunteer Force to fight against Home Rule. The Volunteers were a mix of constitutional nationalists who joined in order to defend Home Rule and other more militant activists who believed in armed rebellion to end British rule in Ireland.
RIC: The Irish police force under British rule. The Royal Irish Constabulary was founded in 1836 and operated as both a civil and political police force. There were an estimated 10,000 members when the guerrilla war broke out. The RIC was disbanded after the signing of the Treaty between Ireland and Britain which led to the foundation of the Irish Free State.
Select Bibliography
Barrett, J. J., In the Name of the Game, Wicklow, 1997
Barry, Tom, Guerrilla Days in Ireland, Lanham, MD, 1995 edn
Beatty, Bertha, Kerry Memories, Listowel, 2007 edn
Bennett, Richard, The Black and Tans, Staplehurst, 2001 edn
Berleth, Richard, The Twilight Lords, Lanham, 2002 edn
Bielenberg, Andy and John Borgonovo, with James S. Donnelly Jr, ‘“Something in the Nature of a Massacre”: The Bandon Valley Killings Revisited’, Éire-Ireland, Cork, 2014
Borgonovo, John, Florence and Josephine O’Donoghue’s War of Independence: ‘A Destiny that Shapes Our Ends’, Dublin, 2006
Bowen, Elizabeth, Bowenscourt, Dublin, 1998
Bowen, Elizabeth, The Last September, London, 2011
Boyd, Andrew, Holy War in Belfast, Belfast, 1969
Brendon, Piers, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, London, 2008
Brouder, Simon, Rebel Kerry, Cork, 2017
Caball, Kay Moloney, The Kerry Girls: Emigration and the Earl Grey Scheme, Stroud, 2014
Coogan, Tim Pat, Michael Collins, London, 1990
Coogan, Tim Pat, De Valera, London, 1995 edn
Dillon, Martin, The Shankill Butchers, London, 1999
Doyle, Tom, The Civil War in Kerry, Cork, 2008
Doyle, Tom, The Summer Campaign in Kerry, Cork, 2010
Dwyer, T. Ryle, Tans, Terror and Troubles: Kerry’s Real Fighting Story, Cork, 2001
Dwyer, T. Ryle, The Squad: And the Intelligence Operations of Michael Collins, Cork, 2005
Elliott, Marianne, When God Took Sides: Religion and Identity in Ireland – Unifinished History, Oxford, 2009
English, Richard, The Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA, London, 2003
Fanning, Ronan, Éamon de Valera: A Will to Power, Faber and Faber, 2013
Fanning, Ronan, Fatal Path: British Government and Irish Revolution 1910–1922, Faber and Faber, 2013
Ferriter, Diarmaid, The Transformation of Ireland 1900–2000, London, 2004
Ferriter, Diarmaid, Judging Dev, Dublin, 2007
Ferriter, Diarmaid, A Nation and Not a Rabble: The Irish Revolution 1913–1923, London, 2015
Foster, R. F., Modern Ireland, London, 1988
Foster, R. F., Vivid Faces: The Revolutionary Generation in Ireland, London, 2015
Gaughan, J. Anthony, Listowel and Its Vicinity, Cork, 1974
Gaughan, J. Anthony, The Memoirs of Constable Jeremiah Mee RIC, Cork, 2012 edn
Harrington, Niall C., Kerry Landing, Cork, 1987 edn
Hart, Peter, The IRA and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork 1916–1923, Oxford, 1998
Hart, Peter, Mick: The Real Michael Collins, London, 2005
Hart, Peter (ed.), British Intelligence in Ireland: The Final Reports, Cork, 2002
Hopkinson, Michael, Green Against Green: The Irish Civil War, Dublin, 2014 edn
Hopkinson, Michael, The Irish War of Independence, Dublin, 2014 edn
Horgan, Tim, Dying for the Cause, Cork, 2015
Joy, Sinead, The IRA in Kerry 1916–1921, Cork, 2005
Keane, Fergal, All of These People, London, 2005
Keane, John B., Self Portrait, Cork, 1964
Keogh, Dermot, Finbarr O’Shea and Carmel Quinlan, The Lost Decade: Ireland in the 1950s, Cork, 2004
Kiberd, Declan and P. J. Matthews, Handbook of the Irish Revival: An Anthology of Irish Cultural and Political Writings 1891–1922, Dublin, 2015
Kinsella, Thomas, The Táin, Oxford, 1969
Laffan, Michael, Judging W. T. Cosgrave, Dublin, 2016
Lee, Joseph, Ireland 1912–1985, Cambridge, 1989
Leeson, D. M., The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence, Oxford, 2011
Lucey, Donnacha Seán, Land, Popular Politics and Agrarian Violence in Ireland, Dublin, 2011
Lyons, F. S. L., Ireland since the Famine, London, 1985 edn
McArdle, Dorothy, Tragedies of Kerry, Dublin, 1924
McCarthy, Cal, Cumann na mBan, Cork, 2014 edn
McCarthy, John P., Kevin O’Higgins: Builder of the Irish State, Dublin, 2006
McKittrick, David, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children Who Died As a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles, Edinburgh, 1999
McMahon, Paul, British Spies and Irish Rebels: British Intelligence and Ireland 1916–1945, Woodbridge, 2008
Marley, Laurence, Michael Davitt: Freelance Radical and Frondeur, Dublin, 2007
Mishra, Panjak, From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia, London, 2012
Moryson, Fynes, An History of Ireland, Dublin, 1604
Murphy, J. A., The Church of Ireland in County Kerry, Dublin, 2016
Murphy, Jeremiah, When Youth Was Mine, Dublin, 1998
O’Concubhair, Brian (ed.), Kerry’s Fighting Story, Cork, 2009 edn
O’Connor, Frank, The Big Fellow, Dublin, 1991 edn
O’Connor, Seamus, Tomorrow Was Another Day, Dublin, 1970
O’Donnell,
Ruan (ed.), Limerick’s Fighting Story, Cork, 2009
O’hEithir, Breandan, The Begrudger’s Guide to Irish Politics, Dublin, 1986
O’Malley, Ernie, The Singing Flame, Dublin, 1978
O’Malley, Ernie, On Another Man’s Wound, Cork, 2002 edn
O’Malley, Ernie, Raids and Rallies, Cork, 2011 edn
O’Malley, Ernie, edited by Cormac K. H. O’Malley and Tim Horgan, The Men Will Talk to Me, Cork, 2012 edn
Pierse, John D., Teampall Bán: Aspects of the Famine in North Kerry 1845–1852, Listowel, 2014
Rieff, David, In Praise of Forgetting: Historical Memories and Its Ironies, Yale, 2016
Ryan, Annie, Comrades: Inside the War of Independence, Dublin, 2007
Ryan, Meda, The Real Chief: Liam Lynch, Cork, 2005 edn
Sheehan, William, British Voices: From the Irish War of Independence 1918–1921, Cork, 2005
Smith, Gus and Des Hickey, John B., Dublin, 2002 edn
Tanner, Marcus, Ireland’s Holy Wars: The Struggle for a Nation’s Soul, 1500–2000, Yale, 2001
Thackeray, William Makepeace, The Irish Sketchbook, London, 1845
Thomson, David, Woodbrook, London, 1974
Townsend, Charles, The Republic: The Fight for Irish Independence 1918–1923, London, 2013
Walsh, Maurice, Bitter Freedom: Ireland in a Revolutionary World, London, 2016
With the IRA in the Fight for Freedom, 1919 to the Truce: The Red Path of Glory, with introduction by Gabriel Doherty, Cork, 2010
Young, Arthur, A Tour in Ireland, Cambridge, 1925, Blackstaff Press 1983 edn
Younger, Calton, Ireland’s Civil War, London, 1979 edn
Index
The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.
1916 rebellion see Easter Rising (1916)
Abbeyfeale 94, 113
ACA see Army Comrades Association (ACA) ‘Blueshirts’
Act of Union (1801) 28, 136
Adams, Gerry 15, 275
African National Congress (ANC) 26
Aghagower, Co. Mayo 40
Aghavillen church 139
Ahern, Father Dan 294
Ahern, Jack 155, 160, 166, 178–9, 193, 206, 214, 238, 290, 294
Ahern, May 89, 96, 102, 238, 290, 291
Aiken, Frank 247–8, 248
Algeria 262n
All-Ireland 292, 293
An Gabha Beag (‘the Little Blacksmith’) 50
An Phoblacht newspaper 15
An Spailpín Fánach (The Wandering Labourer) 43
An t’Óglach 2333
ANC see African National Congress
Andrews, Cyril 122
Anglo-Irish 133–41
Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) 17, 201–15, 216, 220–1, 225, 275
Anglo-Irish War see War of Independence (1919–21)
anti-Semitic pogroms 70
Ardmore, Co. Waterford 14
Arlogh Woods, Co. Limerick 4
Army Comrades Association (ACA) ‘Blueshirts’ 251–4
Army Pensions Acts 289
Asquith, Herbert 88, 91–2, 120
Associated Press 173
Atatürk, Kemal 25
Athea barracks, Co. Limerick 39, 117, 198
Australia 53, 65–6
Auxiliaries ‘Auxies’ 24, 30, 99, 106–7, 112, 114, 144, 158, 176, 210, 230, 329
Bailey, Bill 238–9, 242–3
Balfour, Gerald 39
Ballybunion 72, 88, 90, 95, 100, 181–2, 207, 208, 238, 244, 250, 252, 294
Ballydonoghue church (St Teresa’s) 41–2, 53, 55
Ballydonoghue, Listowel 43, 44, 76, 100–1, 102, 134, 138, 206, 268, 300; caught up in Civil War 223, 238; children’s essays from the 1930s 46–7; lawlessness in 248; local landscape 47–9; Rockites and the Tithe War 54, 55–6; stories and legends 45–6; Whiteboys and faction fighting 49–54
Ballyduff 148
Ballygrennan 63
Ballyheagh Strand, battle of (1834) 50
Ballyheigue Bay 50
Ballylanders 120
Ballylongford 52, 87, 91, 93, 150, 151, 180–1, 279
Ballymacelligott 94
Ballyseedy incident (1923) 18, 240–3, 249
Banbridge 111
Bandon Valley massacre (1922) 262–3 and note, 266
Barrett, Joe 292
Barry, Kevin 147
Barry, Tom 180, 263
Battle of the Boyne (1690) 81
Battle of Messines (1917) 95
Béal na mBláth, West Cork 232
Beare, O’Sullivan 32
Belfast 13, 14, 81, 212n, 213, 274, 277–8; Antrim Road 277; Duncairn Gardens 13, 277; Falls Road 13, 277; peace wall 13, 275–6; Shankill 277; Tomb Street post office 271; Weaver Street 213
Belfast Telegraph 84, 126
Bennet, Henry Grey 136
Bielenberg, Dr Andy 262n
Black and Tans 109, 140n, 249, 273, 279, 329; confronted by Con Brosnan after the Truce 207–8; intense hatred of 99, 105, 106; interviewed by Robert Kee 17; IRA retaliations against 147–50, 181, 183, 206; naming of 106; recruitment to 105–6; reports of drunkenness and abuse of civilians 106; ‘shoot first and ask questions afterwards’ 106; as special paramilitary reserve of RIC 16; tensions with regular police 108; traumatised by the Great War 230; violence, killing, attacks and retaliation 29, 30, 77, 108, 112–14, 143–4, 146, 148–9, 151, 152–3, 155, 157–8, 169, 177, 186–7, 199–201; women as spies in 96–7, 290
Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire 81
Bloody Friday (1972) 14 and note
Bloody Sunday (1920) 152
Bloody Sunday (1972) 14, 15, 273
Blueshirts see Army Comrades Association (ACA) ‘Blueshirts’
Boers 25, 27, 36, 37, 70, 93, 109, 140
Borgonovo, Dr John 233n
Bosnia 261
Boucicault, Dion, The Shaughraun 10
Bowen, Elizabeth 128, 139
Brennan, Mae 289–90
Brennan, Mary 72n
British Army 24, 34, 83, 93, 99, 141, 212, 230, 264; 10th Regiment of Foot 69; Connaught Rangers 35; East Yorkshire Regiment 106; Loyal North Lancashire Regiment 104, 109, 158, 174; Royal Fusiliers 207; South Wales Borderers 106
British Empire 24, 31, 52, 76, 80
Brontë, Charlotte 135
Brooke, Rupert 85
Brosnan, Con 1, 52, 94–5, 128, 150, 214, 300; becomes talented football player for Kerry 83, 292–3; birth and education 80, 84; character and description 292; confronts the Tans before heading to the beach at Ballybunion 207–8, 294; death of 294; defends Mick Purtill 254; family background 78, 80; as friend of the Purtills 78; haunted by memory of war and death 77–8, 291, 293–4; improved life after the Land War 94–5; interviewed by the Bureau of Military History 156; involvement in revolutionary violence and killing 95–6, 114, 150 and note, 193, 194, 195, 206; joins the Blueshirts 251; joins the Free State in Civil War 219–20, 225, 229, 243; joins Irish Volunteers 90; joins the north Kerry Flying Column 178–9, 180–1; Kerry ballad on footballing prowess 156; rebuilds pub and home burned by the Tans 291; sent to block roads and forestall Crown reinforcements 100–1; stands for Cumann na nGaedheal in 1932 election 292–3; suffers from depression and too much drink 293; treatment of his family by the RIC 178; volunteers to shoot Tobias O’Sullivan 154–5, 156–7, 159, 160, 164, 166–7, 168, 173
Brosnan, Gerry 80, 168, 173, 292, 293
Brown, Margaret 248
Browne, John 211, 212
Broy, Éamon 209
Buckley, Timothy 157–8
Bureau of Military History 78 and note, 127, 150n
Burns, Mrs 13, 277–8
Cahill, Paddy 183–4
Canada 28 and note, 50, 61–3
Canadian Pacific Railway 210
Captain Moonlight 71
Carew, Sir George 4
Carey, Hannah 207
Carmody, Eddie 151, 155, 173
, 191
Carmody, Vincent 161, 164, 172, 199–200
Carrigafoyle Castle 5
Carrol, Davie 208
Carson, Edward 82, 141
Casement, Sir Roger 8, 87
Castleisland 207, 241
Catholic Association 137
Catholic Church 30, 43, 53, 54, 58, 89, 91, 235–6, 243, 281–2, 283, 289
Catholic Emancipation 47, 53–4, 58, 135
Catholics: anti-Catholic rioting, expulsions and killings 147n, 213; attempted conversion of 33; campaign to achieve Catholic emancipation 54; and Catholicisation of new state 265; childish wonder at customs of 136; claustrophobic Catholicism in north Kerry 256–7; and deliverance from landlordism and English rule 54–5; domination of agriculture and commerce 264; during the Troubles 12–16, 271–3 and note, 274–5; easy co-mingling of beliefs and the spirit world 138–9; and European wars of religion 4; excluded from upper echelons of state security apparatus 36; friendly intermingling with Protestants 136; and Home Rule 76, 85; intermarriage and effect of Ne Temere decree 264–5; intimidation during the Troubles 273–4; life under Unionist rule rarely debated in the Dáil 259–60; as part of new evangelical community 268; and power-sharing Agreement 274; refugee camps for 14; reprisals against during War of Independence 111; and rise of powerful middle class elite 136–7 and note; sectarianism 13, 260, 266, 276, 277–8; sin, sex and female emancipation 281–2; targeted during land agitation 71; urged to support peace Treaty 222
Ceallurach, Ballydonoghue 42
Chamberlain, Joseph 36
Chesapeake 50
Chesterton, G.K., ’Who Goes Home?’ 185
Childers, Erskine 140
Christian Irishman 264
Chuckle Brothers (Martin McGuiness & Ian Paisley) 275
Church of Ireland 56 and note, 137, 191, 264, 266
Church, John 53
Churchill, Winston 24, 109, 135, 207
Churchyard, Thomas, A Generall Rehearsall of Warres 1
Civil War (1922–23) 218, 231, 260, 279–80; aftermath under de Valera 250–61; ambush and death of Collins 232–4; build up of arms and factions 222–4; continued fighting, killing and revenge 229–31, 232, 237–40; de Valera’s speech at Killarney 222; death squads and reprisals 234–7; destabilising of society as consequence of 249–50; disruption of normal life during 231–2; events leading up to 80–6, 219–21; families and friends divided by 15, 214, 219–21, 222–6, 237; final weeks of brutality 246–8; first casualties and attacks 225–8; Free State armoured car blown up by IRA 9; importance of land in 49; internal resentments 82n; lawlessness, grudges and attacks 248–9; number of casualties 249; numbers involved in 2; ‘orders of frightfulness’ 236–7; policy of executing Republican prisoners 5–6; post-war bitterness and blood vengeance 16–19; Treaty debates and signing 201–15, 220–1, 225; violence against Protestants 262–3; worst atrocities of 240–5; see also Easter Rising (1916); Irish Revolution (1911–23); War of Independence (1919–21)
