In the Footsteps of Lewis and Clark

by Wallace G. Lewis

  2. Gallatin County Historical Society newsletter, April 16, 1980, Lewis and Clark VF, Gallatin Historical Society and Pioneer Museum, Bozeman Mont.; Lewis and Clark Three Forks 1980 and 1981 pageant programs, Three Forks Public Library, Three Forks, Mont.

  3. Angie Wagner, “Seekers Who Destroyed,” AP story in the Denver Post, May 5, 2003.

  4. John Stromnes, “Explorers Depicted as Sent Oppressors,” Missoula, Montana, Missoulian, September 13, 1992.

  5. Jim Hughes, “Lewis and Clark Re-enactors Stir Indian Debate,” The Denver Post, September 26, 2004.

  6. Margot Roosevelt, “Tribal Culture Clash,” Time Magazine (July 8, 2002): 66–68.

  7. National Congress of American Indians, Resolution #SPO-01-112, adopted at its 58th Annual Session, 2001; “Along the Lewis and Clark Trail,” American Native Press Archives, www.anpa.ualr.edu/f_lewis_clark.htm (accessed November 17, 2002).

  8. David Chidester and Edward T. Linenthal, eds., American Sacred Space (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995), 27, 29.

  9. Nora, “Era of Commemoration,” 626 (first quote), 615 (second quote).

  10. Bodnar, Remaking America, 247.

  11. Erika Doss, Spirit Poles and Flying Pigs: Public Art and Cultural Democracy in American Communities (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), 248.

  12. Mark Spence, “The Unnatural History of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial,” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 53, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 57–58.

  13. Kammen, In the Past Lane, 219.

  14. On issues of authenticity and interpretation, see also, for example, Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York: Schocken, 1976); David Glassberg, Sense of History: The Place of the Past in American Life (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001); Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998); Peirce Lewis, “Taking down the Velvet Rope: Cultural Geography and the Human Landscape,” in Past Meets Present: Essays about Historic Interpretation and Public Audiences, ed. Jo Blatti (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987); Lowenthal, The Past Is a Foreign Country; Zelinsky, Nation into State. Since the late 1980s, the number of articles that discuss site authenticity has grown steadily in journals specializing in tourism studies and public history.

  15. For issues of presentism and selective public memory, see Sven Birkerts, Readings (St. Paul, Minn.: Greywolf, 1999), 26–27; Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image, or What Happened to the American Dream? (New York: Atheneum, 1962), 108; Kammen, In the Past Lane, 219. On the historical immediacy of reproductions, see Lowenthal, The Past Is a Foreign Country, 265, 326–327.

  16. Lewis, “Taking down the Velvet Rope,” 25 (original emhasis).

  17. Jakle, The Tourist, 286–287, 289.

  18. Nugent, Into the West, 344.

  19. National Council of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial brochure, 2003 (St. Louis, author’s copy).

  Bibliography

  BOOKS AND ARTICLES

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  Allen, John L. “‘Of This Enterprize’: The American Images of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.” In Voyages of Discovery: Essays on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, ed. James P. Ronda. Helena: Montana Historical Press, 1998.

  Allen, Paul, ed. History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark to the Sources of the Missouri, Thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Performed during the Years 1804–5–6. Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1814.

  Ambrose, Stephen. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. New York: Simon and Schuster/ Touchstone, 1996.

  Appleman, Roy E. Lewis and Clark: Historic Places Associated with Their Transcontinental Exploration (1804–06). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Park Service, 1975.

  ———. “Lewis and Clark: The Route 160 Years After.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 57, no. 1 (January 1966): 8–12.

  Athearn, Robert G. The Mythic West in Twentieth Century America. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1986.

  Belasco, Warren James. Americans on the Road: From Autocamp to Motel, 1910–1945. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1979.

  Benedict, Burton, et al. The Anthropology of World’s Fairs: San Francisco’s Panama Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Berkeley: Scolar Press and the Lowie Museum of Anthropology, 1983.

  Bergon, Frank, ed. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.

  Betts, Howard. In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific with Lewis and Clark, rev. ed. Boulder: University Press of Colorado and Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, 2000.

  Binnema, Theodore. Common and Contested Ground: A Human and Environmental History of the Northwestern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.

  Birkerts, Sven. Readings. St. Paul, Minn.: Greywolf, 1999.

  Bodnar, John. Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism in the Twentieth Century. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992.

  Boorstin, Daniel J. The Image, or What Happened to the American Dream? New York: Atheneum, 1962.

  Borchert, John R. America’s Northern Heartland: An Economic and Historical Geography of the Upper Midwest. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987.

  Botkin, Daniel B. Passage of Discovery: American Rivers Guide to the Missouri River of Lewis and Clark. New York: Berkly/Perigee, 1999.

  Bradford, William. “Discovery, Characteristics, and Resources.” Debow’s Review 20, no. 5 (May 1856): 540–571.

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  Copley, Josiah. “The Rocky Mountains.” Debow’s Review 4, no. 6 (June 1843): 520–536.

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  Cutright, Paul Russell. A History of the Lewis and Clark Journals. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976.

  ———. Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press/Bison Books, 1989.

  Dary, David. The Oregon Trail: An American Saga. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  Debow, J.D.B. “Climate of the United States.” Debow’s Review 23, no. 5 (November 1857): 506–521.

  Deloria, Vine, Jr. Preface. In Michael L. Lawson, Dammed Indians: The Pick-Sloan Plan and the Missouri River Sioux, 1944–1980. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982.

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  Doss, Erika. Spirit Poles and Flying Pigs: Public Art and Cultural Democracy in American Communities. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

&
nbsp; Duncan, Dayton. Out West: An American Journey. New York: Viking, 1987.

  Dye, Eva Emery. The Conquest: The True Story of Lewis and Clark. Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1902; repr. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1914.

  Editorial comment. We Proceeded On 1, no. 1 (Winter 1974–1975): 1.

  Eide, Ingvard. American Odyssey: The Journey of Lewis and Clark. New York: Rand McNally, 1969.

  Fahl, Ronald J. “S. C. Lancaster and the Columbia River Highway Engineer as Conservationist.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 74 (June 1973): 101–144.

  Fanselow, Julie. The Traveler’s Guide to the Lewis & Clark Trail. Helena, Mont.: Falcon, 1994.

  Federal Writers Project (WPA). South Dakota: A Guide to the State, 2nd ed. Rev. M. Lisle Reese. New York: Hastings House, 1952.

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  ———. Sense of History: The Place of the Past in American Life. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.

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  Hansen, Bert. “Tale of the Bitterroot: Sociodrama in a Small-Community Therapy Program.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 33, no. 2 (April 1947): 162–166.

  Hartig, Louis F. Lochsa, the Story of a Ranger District and Its People in Clearwater National Forest. Ed. Shirley Moore. Seattle: Pacific Northwest National Parks and Forests Association, 1981.

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  Jakle, John A. The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth Century North America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985.

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  ———. Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.

  Kessler, Donna. The Making of Sacagawea: A Euro-American Legend. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996.

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  Lambert, Kirby. “Through the Artist’s Eye: The Painting and Photography of R. E. DeCamp.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 49, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 38–49.

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  Large, Arlen. “Onward! Lewis and Clark Trail Commission Can’t Bring Itself to Quit.” Wall Street Journal, May 7, 1969.

  Lawson, Michael L. Dammed Indians: The Pick-Sloan Plan and the Missouri River Sioux, 1944–1980. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982.

  Lendt, David L. Ding: The Life of Jay Norwood Darling. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1979.

  Lewis, Peirce. “Taking down the Velvet Rope: Cultural Geography and the Human Landscape.” In Past Meets Present: Essays about Historic Interpretation and Public Audiences, ed. Jo Blatti. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987.

  Lewis, Wallace G. “Building the Lewis-Clark Highway.” Idaho Yesterdays 43, no. 3 (Fall 1999): 13–23.

  Lowenthal, David. The Past Is a Foreign Country. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

  MacCannell, Dean. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken, 1976.

  MacKintosh, Barry. The Historic Sites Survey and the National Historic Landmarks Program, a History. Washington, D.C.: Historical Division, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, 1985.

  Marling, Karal Ann. George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture, 1876–1986. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.

  McCall, Laura. “Sacagawea, a Historical Enigma.” In Ordinary Women, Extraordinary Lives: Women in American History, ed. Kriste Lindenmeyer. Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 2000.

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  McGinnis, Anthony. Counting Coup and Cutting Horses: Intertribal Warfare on the Northern Plains, 1738–1889. Evergreen, Colo.: Cordillera, 1990.

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  Meeker, Ezra, in collaboration with Howard R. Driggs. The Busy Life of Eighty-Five Years: Ventures and Adventures. Seattle: pub. by the author, 1916.

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  Nora, Pierre. “General Introduction.” In Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, vol. 1 (of three). Ed. Pierre Nora; trans. Arthur Goldhammer. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

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  Parsell, Neal. Major Fenn’s Country. Seattle: Pacific Northwest National Parks and Forests Association, n.d.

  Peebles, John J. “On the Lolo Trail: Route and Campsites of Lewis and Clark.” Idaho Yesterdays 9, no. 4 (Winter 1965–1966): 2–15.

  ———. “Rugged Waters: Trails and Campsites of Lewis and Clark in the Salmon River Country.” Idaho Yesterdays 8, no. 2 (Summer 1964): 2–17.

  Pomeroy, Earl. In Search of the Golden West: The Tourist in Western America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1957.

  Prevots, Naima. American Pageantry: A Movement for Art and Democracy. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1990.

  Quaife, Milo M., ed. The Journals of Captain Meriwether Lewis and Sergeant John Ordway. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1916.

  “Review of The Far Horizons.” Time Magazine (June 6, 1955): 11.

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ceeded On 21, no. 3 (August 1995): 20–24, and Part 2: We Proceeded On 21, no. 4 (November 1995): 20–22.

  Ronda, James P. Lewis and Clark among the Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.

  Roosevelt, Margot. “Tribal Culture Clash.” Time Magazine (July 8, 2002): 66–68.

  Rothman, Hal K. Devil’s Bargains: Tourism in the Twentieth Century American West. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

  Rydell, Robert W. All the World’s a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876–1916. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

  Saindon, Bob. “Lewis and Clark in Northeast Montana.” Glasgow (Mont.) Courier, July 19, 1974.

  Salisbury, Albert, and Jane Salisbury. Two Captains West: An Historical Tour of the Lewis and Clark Trail. Seattle: Superior Publishing, 1950.

  Satterfield, Archie. The Lewis and Clark Trail. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1978.

  ———. “Park with Land Sculptures Proposed.” Seattle Times, January 28, 1968.

  Scammon, C. M. “In and around Astoria.” Overland Monthly and Out West Magazine 3, no. 6 (December 1869): 495–499.

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  South Dakota Hiway Magazine (editorial) 2, no. 9 (September 1927): 11.

  Space, Ralph. The Lolo Trail: A History of Events Connected with the Lolo Trail since Lewis and Clark. Lewiston, Idaho: Printcraft, 1970.

  Spence, Mark. “The Unnatural History of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 53, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 56–63.

  Steel, Jane. “Misspelling on End of Trail Sign at Beach Draws Attention.” Daily Astorian (Astoria, Ore.), March 16, 1967.

  Stevens, James, Robert MacFarlane, and Kenn E. Johnston. Lewis and Clark: Our National Epic of Exploration. Tacoma: Northern Pacific Railway Co. and Washington State Historical Society, 1955.