Women of the Frontier
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Fingers, Sallie, 84
First African Methodist Episcopal Church, 84
Flathead, 50, 51
Fort Bridger, 17
Fort Cooper, 201
Fort Hall, 50
Fort Houston, 191
Fort Laramie, 8, 31, 69–70, 75
Fort McPherson, 75
Fort Phil Kearny, 68, 70, 74–75
Fort Vancouver, 51–52, 57
Fort Walla Walla, 51, 57
Fort Worth, Texas, 202–3
Foster, William, 28
Franklin, Tennessee, 69
Frenzy of Frisco. See Menken, Adah Isaacs
Frizzell, Lodisa, 4
gambling, 93–95
Geer, Elizabeth Smith, 1
Genoa, Nevada, 207
Georgia, 161, 163, 164
Ghost Dance, 218
Gila River Trail, 7
“Girl I Left Behind Me, The,” 47
Gloyd, Charles, 168–69
Gloyd, Charlien, 169–70, 175
gold fever, 2–3, 69, 78, 90–97, 98–99, 119, 121, 131, 139, 188, 205
grasshoppers, 85, 157
Grass Valley, 132
Graves, Elizabeth, 27
Graves family (Donner Party), 17, 19–21, 23
Graves, Franklin, 21–22
Great Britain, 4, 51, 58, 189. See also England
Great Plains, 8, 177, 195, 199
Great Salt Lake, 17
Green River, 50
Grummond, Frances, 35, 47, 68–75, 68, 187
Grummond, George, 69, 72–75
guidebooks, 3, 6, 9, 188
Halbring, Emma, 80
Hale, Edward Everett, 123
Hart, Pearl, 143
Hastings Cutoff, 17
Hatchet Hall, 175
Hayes, Rutherford B. (president), 217
Hebrew Ladies Benevolent Society, 149
Hecox, Margaret, 188
Helena, Montana, 78
Henderson, Lucy, 13
Henderson, Salita Jane (Lettie), 13
Hewes, Claire Hofer, 148
Hill, George, 102–3, 105
Hill, Legrand, 102–3
“Ho! for the Kansas Plains,” 61
“Home on the Range,” 221
homesickness, 36–37, 52–53
Homestead Act (1862), 37–38
homesteaders, 38, 43, 85, 113, 156, 184, 217
Hook, Solomon, 27
Hopi, 178, 178
Hopkins, Lewis, 210–11, 211
Houston, Texas, 195
Howard, Oliver Otis (general), 209
Hudson’s Bay Company, 51, 53, 59
Hultstrand, Fred, 86
Humboldt River, 7, 18, 205
Hypatia Club, 158–59
Idaho, 7, 50, 80, 89, 153. See also Oregon Country
Idaho Springs, Colorado, 99
Illinois, 28, 146, 189
Independence, Missouri, 6, 16, 194
Independence Rock, 8
Indian agents, 207–10, 212–13
Indians, 4, 9, 18, 20–21, 30, 49, 50–52, 55–56, 58–59, 64–66, 68–69, 71–75, 82, 88, 132, 177, 184–87, 211–12, 215–18. See also Native Americans; individual tribes
women, 48, 50, 58, 60, 78–79, 107, 109, 114, 177–89, 178, 179, 181, 185, 197, 205–19
Indian Territory, 213–15
Ingalls, John (senator), 160–61, 163
Inshtatheumba (Bright Eyes). See La Flesche, Susette
Iowa, 5, 29, 34
Irish Queen, 178
Jackson, Helen Hunt, 217
Jewish women, 148–49
Johnson’s Ranch, 22, 26–27
Judaism, 112, 148–49
Kansas, 60–67, 82, 83, 85, 88, 98, 100, 113, 121, 143, 149, 151, 154, 155–61, 163–67, 170–73, 223
Kansas City, Kansas, 62
Kellie, Luna, 145, 153–54
Kellogg, Elizabeth, 190–92, 194
Kentucky, 97–98, 100, 167
Kesebergs (Donner Party), 17, 21
Keyes, Sarah, 16
Kichai, 192
Kiowa (people), 190
Kiowa, Kansas, 171
Knight, Almira, 29–30, 32
Knight, Amelia Stewart, 11, 14, 29–34, 29
Knight, Chatfield, 29, 32, 34
Knight, Frances, 29
Knight, Jefferson, 29
Knight, Joel, 29
Knight, Lucy, 29–30, 32–33
Knight, Plutarch, 29
Knight, Seneca, 29
Knight, Wilson, 34
Knights of Labor, 160
Ladies Aid societies, 149
La Flesche, Francis, 216
La Flesche, Joseph (Iron Eyes), 212, 214–15
La Flesche, Susan, 218
La Flesche, Susette, 186–87, 211–19, 212
Lake Truckee, 16, 20, 29
Lakota, 31, 69, 71–74, 182
Laramie, Wyoming, 80
laundry, 12, 64, 86, 87–88, 99
Lease, Ben Hur, 158
Lease, Charles, 156–57, 159
Lease, Charles (son), 157, 166
Lease, Grace (Jimmie), 157
Lease, Louise, 157
Lease, Mary Elizabeth, 154, 154, 155–67, 156
Leavenworth, Kansas, 98
Lemmon, Mattie, 80
Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims (Winnemucca), 210
Lockhart, Matilda, 184, 195
Lodge Trail Ridge, 73
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 216
Long Winter, The (Wilder), 89
Los Angeles, California, 7, 84, 149, 174
Louisiana, 112
Loyal Women’s League, 122
Lozen, 183
Magoffin, Susan, 114, 188
Maguire, Tom, 133
Malheur Reservation, 208
Mann, Mrs. Horace, 210
Marcy, Randolph (captain), 199
Margaret (daughter of Clara Brown), 97–98
Martinez, Anton, 200–202
Mason, Bridget “Biddy,” 83–84
Massachusetts, 128, 135, 155, 165, 216, 217
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT ), Woman’s Laboratory of, 129
Maxwell, Emma, 120
Maxwell, James, 119–22, 128
Maxwell, James (son), 120
Maxwell, Mabel, 119, 121–23, 125–26, 128–29
Maxwell, Martha Dartt, 118, 119–30, 120
McColl, Ada, 42
McCutchen, Amanda, 17, 21
McCutchen, Harriet, 17
McCutchen, William, 17, 20, 24
McDowell, General, 208
McNabb, Alex, 170
medicine women, 183
Meek, Jim, 56
Menken, Adah Isaacs, 111–12, 111, 134
Methodists, 57
Mexicans, 188–89, 191
women, 107–8, 108, 114
Mexico, 189
Midland, Texas, 40
midwives, 81, 84, 89, 99
Miller, Hiram, 28
Milwaukee, Oregon Territory, 34
mining camps, 48, 78, 142, 155
Minnehaha, 216
Minto, Martha Morrison, 36
missionaries, 2, 48–60, 82, 143, 187, 213. See also religion
Mississippi, 83
Missouri, 2, 4, 6–7, 16, 49, 67, 98, 146–47, 167, 194
Missouri River, 6, 44
Montana, 9, 69, 211
Montez, Lola, 111, 132
Montreal, Canada, 60
Mormons, 5, 83, 146–48
Morris, Esther, 151–52
Moss, Maggie, 80
Murphy, Levinah, 17, 21
Nation, Carry, 150, 154, 167–76, 168
Nation, David, 169, 173
National Council of Women, 163
National Wagon Road Guide, The, 3
Native Americans, 4, 33, 47, 64, 82, 107, 177, 183–88, 204, 212, 215, 217, 219. See also Indians; individual tribes
Nautdah. See Parker, Cynthia Ann
Navajo, 180–81, 185
Nebraska, 8, 11, 42, 8
5, 145, 163, 212, 214–15, 217–18
Neosho River, 65
Nevada, 205, 211
Nevada City, California, 92–94, 110, 122. See also Coyote Diggins
New Mexico Territory, 7, 46, 107, 114, 189, 214
newspaperwomen, 83
New York, 49, 62, 67, 69, 131, 135, 166, 174
New York City, 60, 216, 221–23
Nez Percé, 49–50, 51–53
Nicodemus, Kansas, 40, 41
19th Amendment, 167
Nocona, Peta, 198–201
North Dakota, 9, 37, 44, 86
North Yakima, Washington, 106
Oatman, Olive, 184
Ohio, 119, 146, 150, 171
Oklahoma, 81, 170, 199, 213–14
Old Spanish Trail, 7
Omaha (people), 185–86, 212–18
Omaha, Nebraska, 163, 217
On the Plains, and Among the Peaks; or, How Mrs. Maxwell Made Her Natural History Collection (Thompson), 128
Oregon, 2, 9, 11–12, 14–15, 17, 36, 49–51, 54–57, 59, 82, 102, 104–5, 109, 118, 205, 208
Oregon Country, 2, 4, 7, 189. See also Idaho
Oregon Territory, 29–30, 34, 59, 109
Oregon Trail, 6, 8, 13, 20–34, 48–50, 57, 146
Ormsby, William, 207
Osage, 65–66, 184
Osage Mission, 156
overland trails, 7, 15, 36
Owens-Adair, Bethenia, 82, 101–6, 102
Pacific coast, 1, 5, 9
Pacific Northwest, 53, 116, 177, 181
Paiute, 181, 186–87, 205–11
Papago, 181–82
parfleches, 180
Parker, Benjamin, 190
Parker, Cynthia Ann, 190, 192, 196–204, 196
Parker, Isaac, 201–3
Parker, James, 194–95
Parker, John, 190, 192, 196
Parker, Lucy, 190
Parker, Orlena, 204
Parker, Peanuts, 199, 201
Parker, Prairie Flower, 196, 199, 202–4
Parker, Quanah, 199, 201, 204, 204
Parker, Samuel, 52
Parker, Silas, 190, 203
Parker County, Texas, 199
Parker’s Fort, 189–90, 201–2
Parrish, Samuel, 208
Peg-Leg Annie, 178
Pengra, Charlotte, 10
Pennsylvania, 105, 119, 126–28, 155, 216
People’s Party, 161. See also Populist Party
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 105, 126–28, 216
Pilot Peak, 18
Pima, 181–82
Pine Ridge reservation, 218
pioneer homes, 43–44
Platte River, 6, 12, 17, 31, 75
Plumb, Preston (senator), 165
Plummer, James Pratt, 189, 192, 196
Plummer, Rachel Parker, 184, 189–96
Pocahontas, 216
polygamy, 147–48
Ponca, 213–17
Pony Express riders, 144
Poppleton, A. J., 215
Populist Party, 153–54, 163–66, 170, 218
Portland, Oregon, 105
Presbyterians, 55
Progressive Party, 166
prohibition, 171, 173
prostitutes, 78–80
Protestants, 82
Pueblo, 180, 194
Pulitzer, Joseph, 166
Pyramid Lake, 205–6
Rabbit Creek, California, 130, 132
Rachel Plummer’s Narrative of Twenty-One Months Servitude as a Prisoner Among the Comanche Indians (Plummer), 195
railroads, 5, 39, 47, 75, 157–58, 160–61, 163–64, 167, 200, 213
“Rally Round the Flag, Boys,” 134
Red Cloud (chief), 69, 73, 75
Red River trading posts, 194
Reed, James, 16–17, 18, 20, 24, 26–27
Reed, James, Jr., 16, 23, 25–26, 28
Reed, Margret, 15–29, 16
Reed, Patty, 16, 19, 23, 25–28
Reed, Thomas, 16, 23, 25–28
Reed, Virginia, 16–17, 19–21, 23–26, 28
religion, 5, 53–55, 82–84, 99, 112, 116, 118, 144, 146–49, 170. See also missionaries
Republicans, 160, 163, 165
reservation lands, 186–87, 205–8, 212–18
Richard (son of Clara Brown), 97–98
Ridgway, Robert, 124, 128
Robinson, Sue, 131
Rocky Mountains, 6–7, 50, 119, 121, 123, 127, 177
Roe, Frances, 44, 187
Roosevelt, Theodore, 166
Roseburg, Oregon, 104
Ross, Sul, 200–201
Sacramento, California, 3, 13, 35, 77, 90–96
Sager, Elizabeth, 59
Sager children, 57
Saint Joseph, Missouri, 6
Saint Louis, Missouri, 49, 67
Salt Lake City, Utah, 146
Sandford, Mollie, 78
San Diego, California, 7
San Francisco, California, 79, 95, 104, 110, 112, 131–39, 148, 208
Santa Fe, New Mexico, 194
Santa Fe Trail, 7, 188
schools, 144–45, 186, 211
Scotland, 175, 217
Scotts Bluff, 8
Shurz, Carl (secretary of the interior), 210
Sierra Nevada range, 13, 16, 18
Sioux, 69, 213, 215, 218
Sisters of Ethiopia, 149
slaves; slavery, 40, 62, 83, 97, 101, 121
Smith, Ambrose, 97
Smith, Joseph, 146–47
Smith, Robert, 83
Smithsonian Institution, 124
Snake (people), 50
Snake River, 7, 33, 50
Snyder, John, 19
Socialist Party, 166
soddies, 38–39, 38, 43
Sojourner Truth Club, 149
Song of Hiawatha, The, 216
South Dakota, 118, 145, 218
Southern California, 7, 83
South Pass, 6, 13, 17, 50
Southwest, the, 4, 114, 177–78, 181, 221–23
Spalding, Eliza, 49–51
Spalding, Henry, 49, 51
Spanish; Spaniards, 94–96, 107, 188, 191
women, 48, 96, 107, 109
Spider Woman, 181
Springfield, Illinois, 16
Squirrel Tooth Alice, 79, 178
Standing Bear, 214–16
Stanton, Charles, 20–21
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 151
Star, Belle, 143
Stenhouse, Fanny, 147–48
Stone, Lucy, 151
Summerhayes, Martha, 89, 114
Sutter, John, 3, 94–95
Sutter’s Fort, 20
Sweetwater River, 17
Tatch, Kitty, 222
taxidermy, 120, 122–30
Taylor, Mart, 130–33
teachers; teaching, 77, 81–82, 81, 213
temperance movement, 119, 121, 122, 123, 149–50, 157, 167, 170–76
Tennessee, 164
Texas, 9, 37, 44, 83, 86, 107, 157, 167, 169, 175, 189, 194–95, 199–200, 202–3
Texas Rangers, 200
theater, 110–12, 122, 130–38, 145, 175
Theodore, Ada Bertha. See Menken, Adah Isaacs
Thocmetony (Shell Flower). See Winnemucca, Sarah
Thompson, Mary Dartt, 123, 125, 128–29
Tibbles, Thomas H., 214–18
Truckee River, 19–20
Tucker, Reason, 25–26
Twain, Mark, 112. See also Sam Clemens
Union Labor Party, 160–61
Use and Need of the Life of Carry A. Nation, The (Nation), 175
Utah, 5, 83, 146, 153
Ute, 191
Vaca, Manuel, 95
Vegetarian Company (experimental colony), 60–67
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 69
Vineland, New Jersey, 123
Virginia, 164
Virginia City, Nevada, 112
wagon trains, 7–8, 8, 13–14, 16, 30–31, 33, 99
Waiilatpu, 51
Walla Walla River, 52
Warden, Belle, 80
Wasatch Mountains, 17
Washington, DC, 128, 175, 187, 208, 210, 218
Washington Territory, 109
Weaver, James (general), 164
Webster, John, 215
Went to Kansas (Colt), 67
Whiskey War of 1854, 121
White Buffalo Calf Woman, 182
White Swan, 213
Whitman, Alice Clarissa, 53–55
Whitman, B. F., 135
Whitman, Marcus, 48–49, 51, 53–57, 59
Whitman, Narcissa, 48–60, 82
Why Mr. Nation Wants a Divorce (film), 173
Wichita, Kansas, 142, 157–58, 160, 172
Wilbur, “Father” James, 210
Wilder, Laura Ingalls, 44, 89
Willamette Valley, 14
Williams, Eliza, 23
Williams, Leonard, 198
Wilson, Jay, 90–91
Wilson, Luzena Stanley, 2, 4, 13–14, 35, 77, 90–97, 109, 183, 188
Wilson, Mason, 90, 92–96
Wilson, Thomas, 90–91
Wilson, Woodrow, 166
Winnemucca, Elma, 211
Winnemucca, Sarah, 177, 186–87, 205–11, 206
Wise, Isaac (rabbi), 112
Wolfingers (Donner Party), 17
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCT U), 106, 150, 163, 171, 174
women’s suffrage (right to vote), 105–6, 145, 150–55, 152, 158–60, 163–64, 167, 170–71
Wounded Knee Creek, 218
Wyoming Territory, 6, 8, 9, 50, 68–75, 141, 151–52
Yakima, Washington, 205, 210
Yellow-Haired Woman, 183
Yosemite Valley, 222
Young, Ann Eliza, 147
Young, Brigham, 146–47
Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, 121
Zion, 146
Zuni, 178, 181