Edward I

by Michael Prestwich

  [922] Flores Historiarum, iii, p. 296.

  [923] E. 159/70, m. 36.

  [924] ‘Extracts from the Memoranda Rolls (L.T.R.) of the Exchequer’, T.R.H.S., n.s. iii (1886), p. 284.

  [925] Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 294.

  [926] Mitchell, Taxation in Medieval England, pp. 200-1.

  [927] Ibid., pp. 213-18.

  [928] J. G. Edwards, ‘The Plena Potestas of English Parliamentary Representatives’, Oxford Essays in Medieval History presented to H. E. Salter (Oxford, 1934), pp. 141-54.

  [929] Wardrobe account, in E. 372/136.

  [930] Mitchell, op. cit., pp. 225-6; ‘Annales de Waverleia’, in Annales Monastici, p. 399; Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 462.

  [931] E. 159/70, m. 124.

  [932] Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 295, 491, 493.

  [933] Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 443.

  [934] Supra, p. 128.

  [935] Stubbs, op. cit. p. 491.

  [936] Supra, pp. 118-9; Stubbs, op. cit. p. 491.

  [937] Chron. Guisborough, pp. 292-3.

  [938] Councils and Synods with other Documents relating to the English Church, ed. F. M. Powicke and C. R. Cheney (Oxford, 1964), p. 1186.

  [939] Political Songs, ed. Wright, pp. 149-52.

  [940] ‘Annales de Wigornia’, in Annales Monastici, iv, p. 524.

  [941] Chron. Cotton, p. 314.

  [942] Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, ed. W. Stubbs, ii (Rolls Series, 1880), p. 315.

  [943] Chron. Cotton, pp. 314-18; Chron. Guisborough, pp. 286-8.

  [944] Chron. Cotton, p. 320.

  [945] Chron. Langtoft, ii, p. 278; Annales Monastici, iii, p. 466; C.P.R., 1292-1301, pp. 235-7.

  [946] Chron. Cotton, p. 322.

  [947] Chron. Guisborough, p. 288.

  [948] C.P.R., 1292-1301, pp. 261-6. C. 47/2/1 is a bundle of original receipts for these fines.

  [949] E. 401/1653.

  [950] Rothwell, ‘The Confirmation of the Charters, 1297’, E.H.R., lx (1945), pp. 24-35, has the fullest account of these events.

  [951] Chronicle of Bury St. Edmunds, p. 140.

  [952] Powicke, The Thirteenth Century, p. 676, n. 2.

  [953] Historical Letters and Papers from the Northern Registers, pp. 124-30.

  [954] Parl. Writs, i, p. 396; Deighton, ‘Clerical Taxation by Consent’, E.H.R., lxviii, pp. 185-6.

  [955] Powicke, op. cit. pp. 672-3, n. 1.

  [956] Supra, p. 237.

  [957] Registrum Epistolarum Fratris Johannis Peckham, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, ed. C. T. Martin, ii (Rolls series, 1884), pp. 523-4.

  [958] Chron. Guisborough, pp. 292-3; Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 480-2, 493-4.

  [959] Supra, p. 118.

  [960] See also infra, pp. 265-6.

  [961] H. Rothwell, ‘Edward I and the Struggle for the Charters, 1297-1305’, Studies in Medieval History presented to F. M. Powicke, pp. 319-32.

  [962] Chron. Guisborough, p. 324.

  [963] Ibid., p. 293.

  [964] E. 368/70, m. 22d; Liber Quotidianus, p. 201. There is no contemporary account of the claims made by the Constable, but in Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench, ed. G. O. Sayles, i (Selden Soc., lv, 1936), pp. cxlix-cl, there is a statement of the rights of the Marshal which was probably drawn up shortly after Bigod’s death. He was entitled to payments on a graduated scale from all who did homage to the king, and from those incarcerated in his custody. In wartime he was to receive the fines levied in his court on all save those in receipt of royal robes. He was also entitled to all particoloured beasts taken as booty. An undated note of this period, C. 47/3/21/23, suggests that he should receive the armour and money of the commander of any garrison that surrendered, and two tuns of wine, a length of the best cloth and a quantity of wax from all captured towns. A later statement of the rights of the Marshal, probably dating from the time of Richard II’s coronation, is in B.M. Cotton. MS, Vesp. B. vii, ff. 105v-107. B.M. Cotton. MS, Nero D. vi, f. 85, has another treatise of similar date on the offices of Marshal and Constable. It confirms many of the details of the earlier documents, and provides additional ones. The Constable was entitled to all beasts without horns, pigs, and unshod horses. He was to receive 4d. from all merchants and whores following the army. The two men claimed important military duties. They were to arrange billeting, the setting up of camp, and sentry duty. The Marshal, with a wardrobe clerk, was to receive the proffers of feudal service, and he had a right to attend councils of war. The task of maintaining order in the army was his. The problem. of the rôle of the Marshal and Constable under Edward I is further discussed supra, pp. 72, 80, 85 and infra, p. 267.

  [965] Chron. Guisborough, pp. 329-30; Statutes of the Realm, i, pp. 127-8.

  [966] Chron. Guisborough, p. 332.

  [967] Statutes of the Realm, i, pp. 136-41.

  [968] Supra, pp. 131-2.

  [969] Rothwell, op. cit., pp. 327-9.

  [970] Chron. Guisborough, p. iii; supra, p. 260.

  [971] W. Stubbs, Constitutional History, ii, pp. 157-8.

  [972] E. 159/75, m. 59d. Willard, Parliamentary Taxes on Personal Property, p. 24, has mistaken Newcastle-on-Ayr for Newcastle-on-Tyne.

  [973] Select Pleas of the Forest, ed. G. J. Turner (Selden Soc., xiii, 1901), pp. civ-cv.

  [974] Statutes of the Realm, i, p. 144.

  [975] Supra, pp. 89-90.

  [976] E. 101/20/17; Cal. Docs. Scot, ii, nos. 1209, 1323.

  [977] Chron. Langtoft, ii, pp. 330-2.

  [978] Supra, p. 90.

  [979] Powicke, Thirteenth Century, pp. 630-1, gives a good summary of the Carta Mercatoria.

  [980] S.C. 1/31/99.

  [981] Parl. Writs, i, pp. 134-5.

  [982] J. H. Denton, ‘Pope Clement V’s career as a royal clerk’, E.H.R., lxxxiii (1968), pp. 303-14; Foedera, I, ii, p. 978; Powicke, Thirteenth Century, p. 718.

  [983] For purveyance in 1306, sec C.P.R., 1301-7, pp. 417-19, and E. 101/369/11, ff. 71-6.

  [984] Vincent, Lancashire Lay Subsidies, p. 254.

  [985] Supra, p. 244.

  [986] R. Twysden, Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores Decem (1652), pp. 1990, 2004-5 (William Thorn’s chronicle).

  [987] Powicke, The Thirteenth Century, pp. 702, 705.

  [988] A Lincolnshire Assize Roll for 1298, ed. Thomson, pp. cxxiii-cxxvii and passim; supra, p. 129.

  [989] Statutes of the Realm, i, pp. 147-9.

  [990] Supra, pp. 221-2.

  [991] Beardwood, ‘The Trial of Walter Langton’, pp. 5-8; Johnstone, Edward of Caernarvon, pp. 97-8.

  [992] M. C. Prestwich, ‘Isabella de Vescy and the Custody of Barnburgh Castle’, B.I.H.R., xliv (1971), p. 149.

  [993] Anglo-Norman Political Songs, ed. Aspin, p. 69. For these measures, see infra, p. 289.

  [994] J. R. Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322 (Oxford, 1970), p. 67.

  [995] Tout, Chapters, ii, pp. 191-2; The Place of Edward II in English History (2nd ed., Manchester, 1936), pp. 70-2; The Liber Epistolaris of Richard de Bury, ed. N. Denholm-Young (Roxburgh Club, 1950), p. 503.

  [996] Tout, Chapters, ii, p. 192, points to this appointment as indicating continuity with the old regime. But E. 101/368/18/63 makes it clear that Langton was removed from office rather than voluntarily resigning, and S.C. 1/27/213 indicates that he was very unsure of his standing with the king after 1302.

  [997] Tout, Chapters, ii, pp. 314-20.

  [998] Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, p. 73.

  [999] M. McKisack, The Fourteenth Century, 1307-1399 (Oxford, 1959,) p. 6.

  [1000] Statutes of the Realm, i, pp. 154-6.

  [1001] Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench under Edward I, ed. G. O. Sayles, ii (Selden Soc., lvii, 1938), p. lxxxvii; Statutes of the Realm, i, pp. 157-67.

  [1002] Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, pp. 68-9.

  [1003] Supra, p. 249; J. Conway Davies, The Baronial Opposition to Edward II (Cambridge, 1918), p. 361.

  [1004] Ibid., p. 360; C.C.R., 1302-7, p. 480;
C.Ch.R., 1300-26, pp. 31, 34; C.C.R., 1307-13, pp. 253, 291.

  [1005] Supra, p. 236, n. 2.

  [1006] Supra, p. 243.

  [1007] Conway Davies, The Baronial Opposition to Edward II, pp. 358-9.

  [1008] Supra, pp. 18-19.

  [1009] Fleta, ed. H. G. Richardson and G. O. Sayles, ii (Selden Soc., lxxii, 1955), p. 2.

  [1010] Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and II, ed. Stubbs (Rolls Series, 1883), ii, pp. 3-21.

  [1011] Supra, pp. 20-4.

  [1012] The Welsh Assize Roll, 1277-1284, ed. Conway Davies, pp. 55-6, 76-7.

  [1013] Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1174-1328: Some Selected Documents, ed. E. L. G. Stones (London, 1965), p. 84.

  [1014] Duncan, The Nation of Scots and the Declaration of Arbroath (1320), p. 35.

  [1015] Supra, p. 243.

  [1016] Supra, pp. 186-8.

  [1017] Barrow, Robert Bruce, pp. 181, 230.

  [1018] H. Johnstone, Edward of Caernarvon, pp. 123-4.

  [1019] C. 47/4/4, ff. 41, 43.

  [1020] Supra, pp. 94, 121.

  [1021] Supra, p. 45.

  [1022] C.P.R., 1292-1301, p. 425.

  [1023] Kingsford, ‘Sir Otho de Grandison’, T.R.H.S., 3rd ser., iii (1909), pp. 129-30; W. H. Waters, The Edwardian Settlement of North Wales (Cardiff; 1935), p. 10; C.I.P.M., iii, pp. 368-72; C.Ch.R., 1267-1300, p. 147.

  [1024] Denholm-Young, History and Heraldry, pp. 101-2.

  [1025] Stevenson, Documents, ii, pp. 222-4.

  [1026] Supra, p. 88; Jolliffe, Constitutional History, p. 348; J. E. Powell and K. Wallis, The House of Lords in the Middle Ages (London, 1968), pp. 223-31, 251-7.

  [1027] R. H. Hilton, A Medieval Society (London, 1966), p. 166.

  [1028] K. B. McFarlane, ‘England and the Hundred Years’ War’, Past and Present, 22 (1962), pp. 3-13.

  [1029] Sutherland, Quo Warranto Proceedings in the Reign of Edward I, p. 30.

  [1030] Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 464.

  [1031] G. O. Sayles, ‘The Dissolution of a Gild at York in 1306’, E.H.R., lv (1940), pp. 83-98.

  [1032] C.P.R., 1301-7, pp. 197, 271, 274-5, 347-8, 352-3, 356, 405-6.

  [1033] E. 159/79, m. 41d.

  [1034] C.P.R., 1301-7, pp. 278, 285.

  [1035] Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench under Edward II, ed. G. O. Sayles, iv (Selden Soc., lxxiv, 1957), pp. liii-lvii. The problem of law and order is also discussed by Denholm-Young, History and Heraldry, pp. 125-7.

  [1036] Anglo-Norman Political Songs, ed. Aspin, pp. 69-73.

  [1037] Supra, pp. 104-5.