19. “TO HAVE A STANDING ARMY!”: Andrew Eliot, q. Bailyn, Ideological, 114.
20. NEWCASTLE PROTESTS USE OF FORCE: q. Knollenberg, Growth, 14.
21. WEYMOUTH, “TO THE TOTAL NEGLECT”: Walpole, Memoirs, III, 135–6; See also Macaulay, III, 600.
22. GEORGE III, “IT WAS THE INDISPENSABLE”: q. by Shelburne to Sir Henry Moore, Governor of New York, 9 Aug 66, q. Mumby, 161.
23. “NOT A HOBNAIL OR A HORSESHOE”: q. Ayling, Pitt, 340.
24. GRADUATING CLASS OF HARVARD AND RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE: Alice M. Earle, Colonial Dames and Goodwives, Boston, 1895, 241.
25. FRANKLIN ON “LAWLESS RIOTS”: Autobiography, II, 10.
26. “THE PERSONS WHO WISH”: q. Sainsbury, 433. COUNCILMEN AND ALDERMEN: ibid.
27. WILLIAM BECKFORD, WALPOLE ON: q. Valentine, Establishment, I, 68.
28. LONDON MAGAZINE AND PUBLIC OPINION: Hinkhouse, 20, 147; Bonwick, 64. RALPH IZARD: q. Miller, 449.
29. GRAFTON’S MISTRESS: Jesse, I, 460; Laver, 72–3.
30. “SO ANTI-COMMERCIAL”: q. Miller, 277. “SO PREPOSTEROUS”: ibid.
31. HILLSBOROUGH RESURRECTS STATUTE OF HENRY VIII: Winstanley, 252.
32. BECKFORD, “A STRANGE PIECE OF POLICY”: 14 Mar 69,H ansard, XVI, 605. POWNALL’S SPEECH: 15 Mar 69, ibid., 612–20.
33. HILLSBOROUGH OMITS “SOOTHING … EXPRESSION”: Valentine, North, I, 176.
34. “IF YOU WOULD BE BUT STEADY”: q. Bailyn, Ordeal, 83–4.
35. BOSTON PRESS REPORTS: Earle, op. cit., 243.
36. CHATHAM, “DISCONTENT OF TWO MILLIONS”: in the Lords, 9 Jan 70, Hansard, XVI, 650. CAMDEN HUNG HIS HEAD IN CABINET: ibid., q. Williams, Pitt, II, 264.
37. YORKE’S SUICIDE: Walpole, Memoirs, IV, 51–2; Feiling, III.
38. NORTH, DESCRIBES A CHIEF MINISTER: q. Brooks, 187.
39. HIS RESEMBLANCE TO GEORGE III: Feiling, 102. ONLY ONE MAN MADE HIM ANGRY: Jesse, II, 208; Robertson, 137. GIBBON ON: q. DNB. “A HUNDRED YEARS TOO SOON”: q. Watson, 149. fox, “HE WAS SO FAR FROM LEADING”: q. Valentine, North.
40. WISH TO REPEAL TOWNSHEND DUTIES: q. Knollenberg, Origin, 244. king gives him £10,000: Valentine, North, I, 460.
41. DEBATES, MARCH-MAY 1770: Hansard, XVI; barré, 709–12; pownall, 856–69; sir william meredith, 872–3.
42. MOTION DEFEATED, 204–142: 873; POWNALL RETURNS TO OFFENSIVE: 8 May 70, 980–5.
43. BURKE, GOLDSMITH ON: q. Lecky, III, 385; DR. JOHNSON ON: q. ibid., WALPOLE ON: q. ibid., 394. IN COMMONS: 9 Jan 70, Hansard, XVI, 672–3, 720–25.
44. 8 MAY 70 RESOLUTIONS: 1001–09. “MALIGNITY OF YOUR WILL”: 1005.
45. RICHMOND: PERIODS OF DEPRESSION: letter of 10 Mar 69, q. Olson, 11.
46. “NO, LET ME ENJOY MYSELF”: q. Trevelyan, I, 130. ON MINISTERIAL CONDUCT: Hansard, XVI, 1009–13.
47. HILLSBOROUGH’S REPLY: ibid., 1016–19.
48. “DOWDESWELL WAS DEVILISH SULKY”: letter of 12 Feb 71, q. Olson, 43.
49. “WITH HOUND AND HORN”: q. Trevelyan, I, 131.
50. COLONIES DISAVOW INDEPENDENCE: Schlesinger, 228.
4. “Remember Rehoboam!”
1. GASPÉEINCIDENT: Wickwire, 142; Miller, 326–9; Morgan, Birth, 54–5.
2. “TEN THOUSAND DEATHS”: q. Morgan, Stiles, 261.
3. THURLOW: Feiling, 81; FOX ON: q. Brougham, I, 116; WEDDERBURN, “EVEN TREACHERY”: attributed to Junius, q. Williams, Pitt, II, 277.
4. DARTMOUTH: Bargar, passim.
5. “WOMEN ARE SUCH SLAVES TO IT”: q. Miller, 343.
6. BARRE, AMERICANS WERE NEGROES: Jesse, II, 400.
7. QUINCY, “IN ALL COMPANIES”: q. Bonwick, 78.
8. HILLSBOROUGH, “INHERENT PRE-EMINENCE”: q. Miller, 206.
9. ROCKINGHAM, “CHILDREN [WHO] OUGHT TO BE DUTIFUL”: q. Valentine, North, I, 170.
10. CHATHAM, “IF THIS HAPPENS”: q. Williams, Pitt, II, 297.
11. CHATHAM, “IF LIBERTY BE NOT COUNTENANCED”: speech of 27 Jan 66, q. Williams, Pitt, II, 198. “A POOR DESERTED DEPLORABLE KINGDOM”: q. Miller, 207. LETTERS TO THE PRESS: Hinkhouse, 106–10.
12. AMERICAN COMMENTS ON TEA DUTY: q. Miller, 342–3.
13. FRANKLIN IN THE COCKPIT: Trevelyan, I, 162. WEARS SAME VELVET SUIT: from Memoirs of William Temple Franklin, q. in Papers of Benjamin Franklin, ed. William Willcox, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, 1978. Vol. 21, 41, n. 9.
14. BOSTON PORT BILL DEBATE: Hansard, XVII, 1199–1201, 1210, 1281, 1282–6. JOHNSTONE’S WARNING: q. Gipson, XII, 114.
15. ROARS OF “POPERY”: q. Miller, 375–6; Hinkhouse, 172.
16. JOHNSTONE, “A GREAT DISPOSITION”: debate of 22 Apr 74, Hansard, XVII, 1281.
17. DUNNING, “WAR, SEVERE REVENGE”: q. Labarée, 199. HOWE’S OPINION: q. Trevelyan, I, 262. BURGOYNE, “TO SEE AMERICA CONVINCED”: debate on repeal of the Tea Act, 19 Apr 74, Hansard, XVII, 1271.
18. HENRY LAURENS PROPHESIED: q. Sachse, 180.
19. BURKE’S SPEECH OF 19 APR 74: Hansard, XVII.
20. FRANKLIN, “BY PERSISTING IN A WRONG”: q. Van Doren, 335.
21. “TO SPRINKLE AMERICAN ALTARS”: q. Page Smith, A New Age Now Begins, 1976, I, 391. PUTNAM DROVE 130 SHEEP: W. F. Livingston, Israel Putnam, New York, 1901, 78.
22. JEFFERSON, “DELIBERATE AND SYSTEMATICAL PLAN”: q. Bailyn, Ideological, 120; WASHINGTON ON SAME: ibid.; TOM PAINE ON SAME: Letter to Abbé Raynal on the Affairs of North America.
23. BURKE, “WHAT ENFORCING AND WHAT REPEALING”: Speech of 19 Apr 74, Hansard, XVII.
24. ADAMS, “A HOBGOBLIN”: q. Alfred O. Aldridge, Man of Reason: The Life of Thomas Paine, Philadelphia, 1959, 34.
25. JEFFERSON, “UNION ON A GENEROUS PLAN”: q. Beloff, Debate, 176. GALLOWAY’S PLAN: ibid., 203. FRANKLIN, “EXTREME CORRUPTION”: q. Bailyn, Ideological, 136.
26. GEORGE III, “BLOWS MUST DECIDE”: to North, 18 Nov 75, Correspondence, no. 1556.
27. BARRINGTON’S DISSENT: Trevelyan, I, 113; Barrington, 141, 144–5.
28. TWO AMERICANS AS SHERIFFS OF LONDON: Plumb, Light, 83.
29. DR. JOHNSON, “A RACE OF CONVICTS”: Boswell’s Life, Everyman ed., I, 526.
30. CHATHAM’S MOTION OF 20 JAN 75: Ayling, Pitt, 414. “SLEEPING AND CONFOUNDED MINISTRY”: q. Williams, Pitt, II, 304. “OPPOSITION STARED AND SHRUGGED: Walpole to Conway, 22 Jan 75, Correspondence, IV, 91.
31. CHATHAM’S BILL FOR REPEAL: 1 Feb 75. GOWER’S RESPONSE: Hansard, XVIII, 208.
32. THE “DELUDED PEOPLE”: the phrase was the King’s to Lord North, 18 Aug 75, III, 247. AMHERST DECLINES THE COMMAND: Trevelyan, I, 260.
33. NORTH’S PLAN ELICITS “UNCERTAINTY, SURPRISE”: q. Miller, 406.
34. BURKE, “ABSOLUTE NECESSITY”: 22 Mar 75, known as the Conciliation Speech, Hansard, XVIII.
35. WALPOLE TO MANN, “VICTORY WILL RUIN US”: 7 May 75, Correspondence, XXIV, 98.
36. COLONEL GRANT, AMERICANS “WOULD NOT FIGHT”: Hansard, XVIII, 226; SANDWICH ON SAME: q. Griffith, 154. gower, “LANGUAGE OF THE RABBLE”: Hansard, XVIII, 166.
37. BURGOYNE, “WE TOOK A STEP”: q. Trevelyan, George M., History of England, New York, 1953, III, 73.
38. “THE HORRID TRAGEDY”: Sayre to Chatham, 20 May 75, q. Ritcheson, 191.
39. WESLEY’S LETTER TO DARTMOUTH: full text, Luke Tyerman, Wesley, 1872, III, 197–200. There is dispute as to whether the letter was addressed to Dartmouth or North; Tyerman does not specify. Caleb T. Winchester, in Life of John Wesley (New York, 1906) says that the addressee was North. DNB on Dartmouth claims it was Dartmouth, as does Valentine, North, I, 349.
5. “… A Disease, a Delirium”
1. HARVEY, “AS WILD AN IDEA”: George III, Correspondence, III, xiii.
2. NORTH, “THE ARDOR OF THE NATION”: q. Brooke, 180.
3. TO PROSECUTE “WITH VIGOR”: George III to Lord North, 18 Aug 75, Correspondence, III, 247–8.
4. GERMAIN, “BRINGING THE REBELS TO THEIR KNEES”: q. Valentine, North, I, 390.
5. “I ALWAYS TOLD YOU”: Fitzmaurice, I, 345. ANCESTOR “
LIVED IN THE GREATEST SPLENDOUR”: DNB.
6. COLONIES MUST ACKNOWLEDGE “SUPREME AUTHORITY”: q. Valentine, North, I, 409.
7. DR. PRIESTLEY, “ANYTHING LIKE REASON”: q. ibid., 406.
8. REFUSALS TO SERVE, KEPPEL, EFFINGHAM, AND CHATHAM’S SON: Trevelyan, III, 202, 206–7; CONWAY “COULD NEVER DRAW HIS SWORD”: Hansard, XVIII, 998.
9. CAVENDISH, “BURIED IN ONE GRAVE”: q. Miller, 452. RICHMOND, “PERFECTLY JUSTIFIABLE”: q. DNB. PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION FOR AMERICANS “MURDERED”: Hinkhouse, 193; Feiling, 134.
10. WALPOLE, “COUNTRY WILL BE DESERTED”: to Countess of Ossory, 15 Oct 76, Correspondence, IX, 428. “OH THE FOLLY”: to Conway, 31 Oct 76, ibid., 429.
11. BOSWELL, “ILL-DIGESTED AND VIOLENT”: letters of 18 Mar 75 and 12 Aug 75, Letters, ed. Chauncey Tinker, 2 vols., Oxford, 1924, I, 213, 239. DR. JOHNSON, “EXCEPT AN AMERICAN”: Boswell, Life, II, 209. CARMARTHEN, “FOR WHAT PURPOSE”: debate of 15 Apr 74, Hansard, XVII, 1208.
12. CHATHAM PREDICTED FRENCH ENTRY: q. Donne, editor’s preface to Correspondence of George III with Lord North, II, 9.
13. RICHMOND, “I FEEL VERY LANGUID”: 11 Dec 75, q. olson, 169. TO BURKE ON A FRENCH PEERAGE: Burke, Correspondence, II, 118, 120.
14. FOX, “ON THE ROCKINGHAM WHIGS”: q. ibid., II, 182. BURKE, “PLENTIFUL FORTUNES”: ibid.
15. WASHINGTON, “NOW THE WHOLE FORCE OF NEW ENGLAND”: to General Putnam, Writings of George Washington, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick, USGPO, 1931–1944, IX, 115.
16. CHATHAM SPEECH OF 20 NOV 77: Hansard, XIX, 360–75.
17. FOX, “ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE”: ibid., 431–2.
18. CHATHAM SPEECH OF 11 DEC 77: q. Donne in CORRESPONDENCE OF GEORGE III WITH LORD NORTH, II, 114.
19. “YOU HAVE NO IDEA,” LETTER TO SELWYN: q. Valentine, Germain, 265. “UNIVERSAL DEJECTION”: ibid, GIBBON, “IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR SHAME”: Walpole, Last Journals, II, 76.
20. GERMAIN, “WILFUL BLINDNESS”: q. Valentine, Germain, 275.
21. GEORGE III, “I KNOW THAT I AM DOING MY DUTY”: 26 July 75, Correspondence, III, no. 1683.
22. PRAYED HEAVEN “TO GUIDE ME”: ibid., no. 3923.
23. GERMAIN’S CARRIAGE HORSES: Fitzmaurice, I, 358; Valentine, Germain, 284.
24. PEACE COMMISSION PROPOSALS: Hansard, XVIII, 443. “FULL MELANCHOLY SILENCE,” AND “IGNOMINIOUS”: Walpole, Last Journals, II, 200. Dr. Johnson, “Such a Bundle of Imbecility”: q. Robertson, 174. IGNOMINIOUS DAY: Walpole to Mann, 18 Feb 78.
25. ROCKINGHAM AND RICHMOND, “INSTANTLY AND PUBLICLY”: Olson, 172–3.
26. CHATHAM’S LAST SPEECH: Hansard, XIX, 7 Apr 78. HIS DEATH: Plumb, Chatham, 156; Robin Reilly, William Pitt the Younger, New York, 1979, 52; Dr. Addington: Williams, Pitt, II, 242–3.
27. PREDICTIONS OF RUIN: SHELBURNE: q. Miller, 453; RICHMOND TO ROCKINGHAM: 15 Mar 78, q. Olson, 172–3. Walpole, “MISERABLE LITTLE ISLAND”: q. Miller, 396.
28. BURKE, TO ROCKINGHAM: 25 Aug 75, q. ibid., 453.
29. FOX, “IN A MANNER CONSISTENT”: q. Derry, 87. Walpole, “Too Inert”; Correspondence, to Mann, 30 June 79. Fox, “DESPISED EVERYWHERE”: q. Derry, 75.
30. CARLISLE PEACE COMMISSION: q. Brown, 266.
31. HIS LITTLE DAUGHTER CAROLINE: q. Brown, 266; “OUR OFFERS OF PEACE”: ibid., 263; PUBLIC PROCLAMATION OF 3 OCT 78: Stevens, Facsimiles, XI, no. 1171–2;
32. CARLISLE’S FIRST DRAFT: 29 Sept 78, ibid.,V, no. 529; CONGRESS RECOMMENDS PROCLAMATION PUBLISHED: ibid., XII, 1200–01.
33. EDEN, “THIS NOBLE COUNTRY”: Miller, Triumph, 5.TO WEDDERBURN, “IT IS IMPOSSIBLE”: ibid.
34. YORKSHIRE PETITION: Feiling, 135–6. DUNNING RESOLUTION: Trevelyan, I, 216.
35. CONWAY’S MOTION: Jesse, III, 357; Feiling, 141; all sources.
36. GEORGE III, PROPOSED ABDICATION: Namier, Crossroads, 125.
37. ONLY NEGOTIATOR RICHARD OSWALD: Allen, 254 (here erroneously named James).
38. GEORGE HI, “DISMEMBERMENT OF AMERICA”: to Shelburne, 10 Nov 82, Correspondence, VI, no. 3978.
39. ADAMS, “PRIDE AND VANITY”: letter written from Holland in 1782, q. Allen, 255; see also Miller, Triumph, 632.
40. ROCKINGHAM, “TACIT COMPACT”: q. Guttridge, 73–4.
41. IF HAMLET AND OTHELLO HAD BEEN REVERSED: J. G. Adams, q. by William Willcox, Portrait of a General (Sir Henry Clinton), New York, 1964, xi.
Chapter Five
AMERICA BETRAYS HERSELF IN VIETNAM
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