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REFERENCE NOTES
The well-known events and developments of British politics, of colonial affairs leading to the Revolution and of the War of the Revolution itself are not annotated as they can easily be found in the relevant sources listed above. References are reserved for quotations and for the comparatively less well-known facts and incidents. The source for biographical facts and matters of personality, if not otherwise stated, may be understood to be the DNB or Valentine’s Establishment. Statements in Parliament may be found under the given date in the relevant volumes of Hansard’s Parliamentary History: XVI (Jan 1765–Nov 1770), XVII (Feb 1771–Jan 1774), XVIII (Nov 1774–Oct 1776), XIX (Jan 1777–Dec 1778).
1. Who’s In, Who’s Out
1. BURKE, “THE RETENTION OF AMERICA”: q. Allen, 239.
2. “TO FIX UPON US …”: q. Knollenberg, Origin, 91. “IN PROPER SUBJECTION”: ibid., 92, 318, n. 17.
3. “PARLIAMENTARY CABALS”: q. Brooke, 226.
4. “TORRENT OF IMPETUOUS ELOQUENCE”: JOHN ADAMS, Q. BAILYN, ORDEAL, 56.
5. 1732, “PARLIAMENT WOULD FIND IT …”: q. Morgan, Stamp Act, 4.
6. WALPOLE, “NO! IT IS TOO HAZARDOUS …”: q. Jesse, I, 251.
7. PITT, “THE POOREST MAN”: Hansard, XV, 1307.
8. DASHWOOD, KNOWLEDGE OF FIGURES: Rockingham, Memoirs, I, 117. “PEOPLE WILL POINT AT ME …”: q. Walpole, Memoirs, I, 152.
9. GEORGE III, “LORD NORTH CANNOT SERIOUSLY THINK”: q. Pares, 57.
10. GRENVILLE, “THE ABLEST MAN OF BUSINESS”: Walpole, Memoirs, IV, 188.
11. MRS. ARMSTEAD: Valentine, Germain, 471, n. 3.
12. 23 ELDEST SONS OF PEERS: Namier, Structure, 2.
13. GEORGE SELWYN NEVER WENT TO BARBADOS: Laver, 73.
14. SHELBURNE, “THE ONLY PLEASURE”: q. Fitzmaurice, I, 88.
15. WALPOLE, “PASSION FOR THE FRONT RANK”: Memoirs, II, 164.
16. SHELBURNE, “COME DOWN WITH THEIR LOUNGING OPINIONS”: q. in Grafton, I ntroduction by Anson, xxxiv.
17. LADIES ADVERTISED THEIR CARD PARTIES: Sherson, 44.
18. VILLAGE OF STOWE RELOCATED: Hyams, 15. PLANTINGS AT KNOLE: Valentine, Germain, 5.
19. ROME’S GOVERNMENT “THE WORST POSSIBLE”: q. Mead, 317.
20. DARTMOUTH SAT FOR EIGHTEEN PORTRAITS: Bargar, 6.
21. DR. JOHNSON, “BUT TWO MEN”: q. Lecky, III, 385–6.
22. PITT, “COWED FOR LIFE”: q. Fitzmaurice, I, 72.
23. MANSFIELD, “YOU COULD NOT ENTERTAIN ME”: q. Hoffman, 11.
24. WALDEGRAVE ON GEORGE HI: q. Brooke, 222; Namier, Crossroads, 131.
25. GEORGE III ON KING ALFRED: q. Namier, England, 93.
26. “BLACKEST OF HEARTS” AND “SNAKE IN THE GRASS”: q. Watson, 4.
27. ADMIRAL ANSON, “I MUST NOW BEG”: q. Namier, Structure, 34.
28. LORD NORTH’S INSTRUCTIONS IN ELECTION OF 1774: q. Trevelyan, I, 201.
29. YORKSHIRE M.P. “SAT TWELVE HOURS”: q. Namier, Crossroads, 32.
30. RICHARD JACKSON, “I HAVE ACCESS TO”: Letters and Papers of Franklin and Jackson, 138.
31. BOARD OF TRADE ASKED TO ADVISE ON “LEAST BURTHENSOME”: Beer, 275.
32. GRENVILLE, “ALL MEN WISH NOT TO BE TAXED”: q. ibid., 285.
33. WALPOLE ON GRANBY: Memoirs, IV, 179.
34. FOX, “TEN BOTTLES OF WINE”: q. Trevelyan, I, 205.
35. WALPOLE ON EGREMONT: q. Valentine, Establishment, II, 950.
36. “TO THE INFINITE PREJUDICE”: q. Knollenberg, Origin, 105.
37. 6500 TONS OF FLOUR: T. H. White, Age of Scandal (London, 1950), 32.
38. WOLFE ON AMERICAN SOLDIERS: q. Knollenberg, Origin, I, 120, 330, n. 17. AMHERST ON SAME: ibid., 120. GENERAL MURRAY ON SAME: Letters from America, 1775–80 of a Scots Officer, Sir James Murray, During the War of American Independence, ed. Eric Robson. Manchester University Press, 1951. GENERAL CLARKE, “WITH A THOUSAND GRENADIERS”: q. Benjamin Franklin, Writings, IX, 261.
39. DIFFERENT NATURE OF MILITARY SERVICE: This point, drawn from impressive original research, has been made very persuasively by F. W. Anderson in “Why Did Colonial New Englanders Make Bad Soldiers?,” William and Mary Quarterly, XXXVIII, No. 3, July 1981, 395–414.
40. FOOTNOTE ON FRANKLIN’S MOTIVATION: suggested by Knollenberg, Origin, 155.
41. “IN GOD’S NAME”: Morgan, Stamp Act, 54, n. 3.
42. RESISTANCE TO POLICE FORCE AND CENSUS: Jarrett, 34, 36.
43. THE SPEAKER ON THE CENSUS WAS SIR WILLIAM THORNTON IN PARLIAMENT: Hansard, XIV, 1318–22.
2. “Asserting a Right You Know You Cannot Exert”
1. MACAULAY, “AS LONG AS THE GLOBE LASTS”:I II, 647.
2. HUTCHINSON’S TREATISE: Bailyn, Ordeal, 62–3.
3. FRANKLIN, “A DISGUST OF THESE”: q. Van Doren, 333.
4. GRENVILLE’S DISCUSSIONS WITH THE AGENTS AND THEIR OFFERS: Morgan, Stamp Act, 53–70. MASSACHUSETTS ASSEMBLY: ibid., 60. GARTH’S STATEMENT: ibid., 58, n. 15. INGERSOLL ON “DREADFUL APPREHENSIONS”: ibid., 62. WHATELY, “SOME TAXES”: q. Wickwire, 103. GOVERNOR HOPKINS’S PAMPHLET: Morgan, op. cit., 36.
5. NEW YORK ASSEMBLY: ibid., 37.
6. HEARINGS IN PARLIAMENT, JACKSON, GARTH, TOWNSHEND, BARRE, 6–7 FEB 65: Hansard, XVI. INGERSOI. L’S COMMENT: q. Knollenberg, Origin, 224.
7. TRINITY COLLEGE, “HALF BEAR GARDEN”: q. Valentine, Germain, 10.
8. SECOND READING, CONWAY: 15 Feb 65, Hansard, XVI.
9. STAMP TAX ENACTED, COMMENTS ON: WALPOLE, “LITTLE UNDERSTOOD”: Memoirs, II, 49; WHATELY: q. Knollenberg, Origin, 225; SEDGEWICK, ibid.; HUTCHINSON, “WE ARE ALL SLAVES”: q. Bailyn, Ordeal, 71.
10. “AFRAID OF WHAT?”: ibid.; EZRA STILES’ REPORT: q. Morgan, Stiles, 233.
11. HOMESPUN FLAX “FINE ENOUGH”: Mason, George C., Reminiscences of Newport, Newport, 1884, 358.
12. “SEAS ROLL AND MONTHS PASS”: Burke, in Parliament, 22 Mar 75.
13. ADAMS, “A VENAL CITY”: q. Bailyn, Ideological, 136.
14. “SPAWN OF OUR TRANSPORTS”: q. Miller, Origins, 229. “MONGREL BREED”: q. ibid., 203.
15. “VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION”: Miller, 279.
16. BERNARD’S PLAN: Beloff, Debate, 86–8; Morgan, Stamp Act, 14.
17. HALIFAX’ COMMENT: Morgan, Stamp Act, 19.
18. FRANKLIN, “AWE THE WORLD!”: to Lord Karnes, 3 Jan 60, Writings, IV, 4. “1 AM STILL OF THE OPINION”: Autobiography, Part III, 165.
19. SOAME JENYN’S PAMPHLET: q. Beloff, Debate, 27, 77.
20. CHESTERFIELD, “ASSERTING A RIGHT”: letter of 25 Feb 66, Letters, VI, no. 2410. GENERAL GAGE: q. Burke, in Parliament, 19 Apr 74, Hansard, XVIII.
21. PITT, MADNESS IN FAMILY: Fitzmaurice, I, 71. GOUT: cf. Copeman, 95.
22. “I KNOW I CAN SAVE”: q. Macaulay, II, 272. WALPOLE, “WE ARE FORCED TO ASK”: q. DNB onP itt, “CLUNG TO THE WHEELS”: Macaulay, III, 617. “BEING RESPONSIBLE”: q. Williams, Pitt, II, 113. “UNATTACHED TO ANY PARTY”: q. Robertson, 69. “I CANNOT BEAR”: ibid., 2.
23. “SAGE AND AWFUL”: ibid., 16. “TRIED IT ON PAPER”: Fitzmaurice, I, 76, n.
24. NORTHINGTON, “IF I HAD KNOWN”: q. Feiling, 93. barrington, “some fortune”: q. ibid., 71.
25. GERMAIN, “IF YOU UNDERSTAND”: q. Morgan, Stamp Act, 274.
26. BEDFORD, DEBATE IN THE LORDS: q. Thomas, 365.
27. ORGANIZED PRESSURE FOR REPEAL: Clark, 41, 44–5; Miller, 155. FRANKLIN, “UNLES
S COMPELLED … THEY WILL NOT FIND A REBELLION”: inP arliament,H ansard, XVI, 137. “AN OVERWHELMING MAJORITY”: Winstanley, 109.
28. WALPOLE, “RISK LIGHTING UP”: written in 1768, Memoirs, II, 218.
29. CAMDEN, “SOME THINGS YOU CANNOT DO”: q. Allen, 242.
30. “FACE OF AN ANGEL”: DNB, CONWAY, REACTIONS TO REPEAL: Hinkhouse, 74–5; Miller, 159–60; Griffith, 45. ADAMS, “QUIET AND SUBMISSIVE”: q. Trevelyan, I, 2.
3. Folly Under Full Sail
1. “WICKED AND DESIGNING MEN”: q. Bailyn, Ideological, 151.
2. TOWNSHEND, “IF WE ONCE LOSE”: q. Miller, 240.
3. “TO DISMISS MY MINISTRY”: q. Knollenberg, Growth, 35.
4. FRANKLIN ON HILLSBOROUGH: q. Van Doren, 383. BURKE, A “DIVERSIFIED MOSAIC”: in Parliament, 19 Apr 74.
5. CONWAY, “SUCH LANGUAGE”: q. Macaulay, III, 672. CHATHAM ON NEW YORK: q. Ayling, Pitt, 364.
6. “CONTINUOUS CABALS”: Franklin, Autobiography, Part I, 532. GRAFTON “COMES ONCE A WEEK”: Walpole, Memoirs, III, 391. GRAFTON KNEW HIMSELF UNFIT: Brooke, 226.
7. TOWNSHEND, BURKE ON: in Parliament, 19 apr 74. WALPOLE ON, “GREATEST MAN”: q. DNB; “STUDIED NOTHING”: Memoirs, II, 275. NEWCASTLE ON: q. Namier, Crossroads, 195. DAVID HUME ON: ibid.
8. WALPOLE, “NOT THE LEAST MAD”: q. Sherson, 16. “DROPS DOWN IN A FIT”: q. Namier, Crossroads, 195. TOWNSHEND, “TO HAVE NO PARTY”: q. ibid., 201.
9. TOWNSHEND INTRODUCES BUDGET: ibid., 210; Miller, 242, 250.
10. PROPOSES CUSTOMS DUTIES: Winstanley, in. CABINET SUBMITS: Grafton, 126–7, 175–9; Walpole, Memoirs, III, 51, n.; Winstanley, 141, 144; Namier and Brooke, passim.
11. GARTH, “THE FRIENDS OF AMERICA”: Knollenberg, Growth, 301, n. 33.
12. “POOR CHARLES TOWNSHEND”: Sir William Meredith, q. Foster, viii.
13. LADY CHATHAM AND GRAFTON ON CHATHAM’S ILLNESS: Ayling, Pitt, 369; Williams, Pitt, II, 242.
14. AT PYNSENT AND HAYES: Walpole, Memoirs, III, 41–2. THE IRASCIBLE OWNER: Bargar, 16. CAMDEN, “THEN HE IS MAD”: ibid.
15. GOUT AND DR. ADDINGTON: Williams, Pitt, II, 242–3.
16. MADNESS, OTIS: Bailyn, Ordeal, 72; ORFORD: Nicolson, 253. SACKVILLE BROTHERS: Fitzmaurice, I, 343; Valentine, Germain, 466–70; Mackesy, jr. DUCHESS OF QUEENSBERRY: Jack Lindsay, 1764, London, 1959. LORD GEORGE GORDON: Feiling, 136.
17. FEAR OF THE PATRIOTS AS “LEVELLERS”: Knollenberg, Growth, 48.
18. GEORGE III ON HILLSBOROUGH: q. Miller, 261.
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