Senior Wrangler. See wranglers
Shakespeare. See Davis, Charles Henry
Shannon, Claude, 261
Shaw, George Bernard, 102, 103, 107; Mrs. Warrens Profession, 102, 103
Siacci, Francesco, 129, 130, 141
Signal Corps. See United States Army
simultaneous equations. See mathematical methods
slide rule, 91–93, 96, 157, 221, 222
Smith, Adam, 6, 15, 26, 27, 33, 36, 40, 41, 53, 331. See also division of labor
Smithsonian Institution, 56, 205; weather project of, 75, 76, 147
Snedecor, George, 165–69, 187, 221, 303, 331
social sciences, 99–101, 112, 116, 163, 190–91, 199
Soviet Union (USSR), 194, 195, 248, 305, 306. See also Cold War
statistics, 4, 7, 94, 97, 98, 100, 103–5, 111, 124, 126, 128, 147, 148, 162, 165, 166, 172, 184, 191–94, 198, 237, 239, 290; agricultural, 75, 146, 148, 161–66, 181, 199, 225; Hog astronomy/hogarythms, 148; analysis of variance/regression in, 161, 187, 188; calculation of, 108, 109; connection to Darwin, 103–7; correlation in, 105–8, 111, 164, 165, 168, 187, 191; economic, 7, 26, 27, 97, 98, 161, 187–89; expansion of into social sciences, 116–18, 190–91, 199. See also least squares; United States Census
statistical laboratories, 183. See also Iowa State College, Biometrics Laboratory; United States Department of Agriculture; Columbia University; Cowles Commission for Economic Research; Davis, H. T.
Stegun, Irene, 300, 314
Steinmetz, Charles, 99
Stibitz, George, 221–24, 227, 229, 231, 233, 237, 258, 271, 272, 276, 277, 288, 331; and complex calculator, 221, 223
Stratford, William Samuel, 48–50, 53, 54, 120; surveying by, 6, 33, 35, 55, 65–67, 71, 73, 77, 100, 136, 271; adjustment of triangulations by, 73, 74, 78, 81, 137, 160–62; map grids of, 244
Swift, Jonathan: Gulliver’s Travels, 21, 22, 43, 104, 148, 168
Swine Commission, 148–50, 165
Tausky, Olga, 262, 263, 281, 301, 302, 331
telegraph, 75–78
telephone, 137, 169, 171, 223, 287
Theoria motus corporum coelestium. See Gauss, Carl Frederick
Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau, 193–95, 218, 225, 231, 237, 241, 242, 253, 266, 267, 270, 274, 278, 291, 331. See also Columbia University
Thoreau, Henry David, 60
three-body problem. See calculus
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 55, 56, 239
Todd, John, 99, 261–64, 304, 313; and Institute for Numerical Analysis, 301, 302; and John Curtiss, 309; and John von Neumann, 263, 264; and programming, 264; and mission to Germany, 281–84
Tolley, Howard, 159–64, 174, 187, 331
Tracts for Computers, 156–58, 165, 178, 219, 331
Tripos, 50, 102, 104, 107, 111, 331
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 56, 99, 100
Twain, Mark, 123
UCLA, 298, 300, 301, 303, 310
United Public Workers of America, 292–94
United States Air Force, 289, 298, 310, 312, 316, 317
United States Army, 4, 74, 79, 130, 140, 146, 151, 178, 180, 182, 190, 191, 198, 239, 240, 244, 248, 260, 268, 272, 289, 295, 301; Office of Experimental Ballistics, 134, 140, 145, 151–53, 195, 240; Signal Corps, 76, 77, 134, 268. See meteorology
United States Census, 94–96, 99, 146
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, 56, 57, 65, 71–74, 77–79, 81, 84, 93, 96, 98, 136, 137, 159, 160, 187, 229
United States Congress, 65, 67, 70, 138, 199, 292, 305; and science, 56, 57, 67, 75, 299. See also House Un-American Activities Committee
United States Department of Agriculture, 75, 147, 161, 163, 164, 166, 187, 194, 225, 237; Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 161, 163
United States Food Administration, 146–48, 151, 159, 161, 165
United States Naval Observatory, 56, 57, 60, 61, 66, 71, 72, 74, 77, 79, 83, 84, 87, 115, 120, 137, 198, 238, 240, 241, 274, 330
United States Navy, 27, 56, 57, 67, 71–76, 79, 83, 84, 96, 115, 120, 229, 240, 241, 249, 252–54, 271, 272, 277, 285, 289, 290, 298, 300, 310, 313
UNIVAC, 302, 319, 321
Upton, Winslow, 84–88
Uranus, 23, 39, 46, 48, 59, 192
USSR. See Soviet Union
Vassar College, 71, 254, 300
Veblen, Oswald, 134, 147, 152, 153, 159, 178, 182, 190, 195, 201–3, 205, 208, 235, 236, 239, 253, 276, 279, 280, 322, 331; and ballistics, 135–37, 141
Veblen, Thorsten, 134, 190
Venus, 62, 87
von Neumann, John, 217, 245, 279, 287, 291, 295, 296, 299, 304, 331; and Admiralty Computing Service, 263, 264; and Mathematical Tables Project, 205, 217, 245, 291, 292, 294–96, 299; and linear programming, 295, 296, 299, 304
Walker, Sears Cook, 60–63, 68
Wallace, Harry C., 149–51, 161
Wallace, Henry A., 149–51, 159, 164–66, 174, 187, 192, 193, 216, 225, 231, 253, 331; and biblical Egyptian famine, 149–51; Correlation and Machine Calculation, 165; and meteorology, 168, 169. See also Swine Commission,
Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau. See Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau
Watson, Thomas J., 146, 233, 242, 270, 274, 314, 331; and Columbia University, 190–92; and Harvard Mark I, 231
Wealth of Nations. See Smith, Adam
Weaver, Warren, 227, 257, 276, 283, 284, 289, 300, 331; and Applied Mathematics Panel, 253–55, 265, 266, 268–73, 276–79, 280; and John Vincent Atanasoff, 227; response of to MTAC Journal, 257
Weeks, Sinclair, 309, 310
Weldon, Florence Tebb, 106, 107, 147
Weldon, W. F. Raphael, 106–8, 147
Whittaker, Edmund, 124, 125
Wiener, Norbert, 151, 152, 182, 224, 264, 331
Wilks, Samuel, 253, 332
Wilson, Elizabeth Webb, 138–40, 142, 152, 182, 189, 332
Winlock, Anna, 82
Winlock, Joseph, 60, 68–71, 82
Wisconsin, University of, 99, 149, 183, 225, 227, 230
women, 71, 104, 107–9, 126, 131, 147, 148, 207, 252, 267, 303; at Harvard Observatory, 82–84, 86, 87, 113, 230; hiring and work force issues for, 4, 81–84, 87, 101, 103, 110–13, 138, 140, 152, 166, 167, 170, 190, 208, 209, 218, 221, 253, 256, 259, 260, 276; mathematical education for, 3, 4, 19–20, 61–62, 82, 102, 103, 111, 138, 170, 189, 190, 208, 209, 282; referred to as “girls” or “harems,” 83, 221, 262, 276, 283; at University of Pennsylvania, 259, 260, 276; and war, 138–40, 152, 189, 260, 267, 300; and women’s rights issues, 61, 62, 87, 100, 102, 138, 139, 301, 308, 316, 317. See also computers, human, wages of; computers, human, working conditions of; Blanch, Gertrude; Cave-Brown-Cave, Beatrice; Clem, Mary; Froelich, Clara; Goldstine, Adele; Krampe, Charlotte; Lepaute, Nicole-Reine; Lee, Alice; Mitchell, Maria; Persily, Matilda; Rhodes, Ida; Saunders, Rhoda; Stegun, Irene; Tausky, Olga; Wilson, Elizabeth Webb; Weldon, Florence Tebb; Winlock, Anna
Wood, Benjamin, 190–93
Work Projects Administration, 198–201, 203, 205, 210–12, 215–20, 225, 232, 233, 242–48, 250–53, 255, 258, 264, 269, 277, 289, 291, 292, 296, 307, 317, 321, 332; and science, 199; liquidation of, 244, 251, 252, 254. See also Mathematical Tables Project
World War, First. See First World War
World War, Second. See Second World War
World’s Columbian Exposition, 96, 98, 233. See also World’s Congress Auxilliary
World’s Congress Auxiliary, 98–100
World’s Fair: 1867 Paris, 93; 1893 Chicago (see World’s Columbian Exposition); 1904 St. Louis, 115; 1915 San Francisco, 170; 1939 New York, 233, 234
WPA. See Work Projects Administration
wranglers, 50, 102, 111
Yeomans, Donald, 319, 321
Yowell, Everrett: father, 274, 332; son, 274, 291, 303, 332
Zeppelins, 127, 128, 130
Illustration Credits
The sources of visual material are as follows (numerals refer to figures).
By permission of AT&T Archives (27); by permission of Bro
wn University (36); courtesy of European Space Agency (46); courtesy of Joan Gallup Grier (1); by permission of Harvard University Libraries (14); by permission of Iowa State University Library/Special Collections Department (26, 34); courtesy of Library of Congress (2, 3a, 3b, 5, 7–10, 12, 13, 15–19, 23, 25, 29, 33, 35, 37, 41); courtesy of Library of Congress, Manuscript Division (4a, 4b, 20); by permission of the MIT Museum (42); courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration (24, 32, 38, 40, 45); by permission of Paris Observatory (3c); by permission of Schlesinger Library, Harvard University (21, 22, 28); by permission of the Science Museum, London (6); courtesy of Smithsonian Institution (11); courtesy of Stern Family (31, 44); courtesy of John Todd (39, 43); by permission of Yeshiva University (30).
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