Western Civilization: Volume B: 1300 to 1815, 8th Edition
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Seed drills
Ségur Law
Sejm (Polish diet)
Select Society of Edinburgh, Scotland
Self-interest: as economic principle
Seljuk Turks
Senate: in Venice
Separation of church and state
Separation of powers, Montesquieu on
Sephardic Jews
Serbia
Serfs and serfdom: in eastern Europe in Prussia in Russia in 16th century See also Peasants
Serious Proposal to the Ladies, A (Astell)
Seven Years’ War French Canada and India and Prussia in
Sewage and sewer systems
Sex and sexuality: Diderot on in marriage in Renaissance Italy See also Gender
Seymour, Jane
Sforza family (Milan) Battista Ludovico
Shakespeare, William
Sheridan, Richard
Sherman, Roger
Shikoku
Ship money (English tax)
Ships and shipping Dutch fluyt in 18th century exploration and Napoleon and Portuguese slave trade and trade and See also Navy
Shogun (Japan)
Siam. See Th ailand (Siam)
Sicily Aragon rulers in Bourbons in revolts in
Siege warfare: in 18th century
Sieyès, Abbé
Sigismund (Holy Roman Empire)
Sigismund III (Sweden and Poland)
Signing of the Declaration, The (Trumbull)
Signoria (Florence)
Signorini, Giovanni
Silesia: Prussia and
Silesia
Silk Road
Silver: Spanish for trade
Simons, Menno
Simplicius Simplicissimus (Grimmelshausen)
Sisters of Charity
Sisters of the Common Life
Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo and
Sixtus IV (Pope)
Skepticism
Slavery: African in French Revolution in Haiti in Renaissance in United States Slave trade in Latin America
Slavic peoples: in eastern Europe
Slovenia
Smallpox: Aztecs and Inca and Smith, Adam
Social classes. See Classes
Social contract: Rousseau on
Social Contract, The (Rousseau)
Social orders: in France
Social sciences: in Enlightenment
Society. See Lifestyle
Society for Revolutionary Republican Women
Society of Friends. See Quakers Society of Jesus. See Jesuits
Society of Thirty
Solar system. See Universe
Soldiers. See Military
Some Reflections upon Marriage (Astell)
Songs: in Renaissance
Son of Heaven: Chinese emperor as Sophocles
South Africa
South America: Spain and See also Latin America
Southeast Asia: Dutch in in 1700 western involvement in Spain in Americas in Asia Aztecs and Black Death in Catholic Church in decline of in 18th century exploration by France and French and Indian War and government of Habsburg emperors and Inca Empire and Italy and Jesuits and Jews expelled from Latin America and Muslims in Napoleon and Netherlands and New World and Ottoman Turks and population of revolts and slavery and Southeast Asia and sphere of influence of Thirty Years’ War and unification of War of the Spanish Succession and
Spanish Armada
Spanish Empire
Spanish Inquisition
Spanish Netherlands
Spectator (periodical)
Speculation: in France
Speech on Revolutionary Government (Robespierre)
Spengler, Lazarus
Spheres of influence: of women
Spice Islands. See Moluccas (Spice Islands) Spices and spice trade Dutch and Portugal and Spinoza, Benedict de
Spirit of the Laws, The (Montesquieu)
Spiritual Exercises (Loyola)
Spirituality: in 14th century
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
Stadholder
Staël, Germaine de
Standard of living. See Lifestyle
Standing army
Starry Messenger, The (Galileo)
State (nation): centralization of in 18th century in Renaissance See also Church and state Government
Staten Island
State of nature: Hobbes on
States General (Netherlands)
State system (Europe)
Status. See Classes
Statute of Laborers (England)
Steele, Richard
Stein, Heinrich von
Stock exchanges
Strait of Magellan
Strasbourg killing and cremation of Jews in
Streltsy rebellion, Peter the Great and
Strozzi family: Alessandra Filippo marriage negotiations and Struensee, John Frederick
Stuart dynasty (England)
Styria
Suffrage. See Voting and voting rights
Sugar plantations
Suleiman I the Magnificent (Ottoman Empire)
Sumatra
Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville (Diderot)
Surat, India
Surgeons and surgery Sweden Hansa and Lutheranism in Poland and religion in Scandinavian unification and in 17th century upheavals in See also Scandinavia
Swedish Lutheran National Church
Swedish phase, of Thirty Years’ War
Sweet potato
Swiss Brethren
Swiss Republic: France and
Switzerland
Syndics of the Cloth Guild (Rembrandt)
System of Nature (Holbach)
Table of Ranks (Russia)
Tabula rasa, Locke on
Tahiti
Taille (French tax)
Tamerlane
Tariffs
Tartuffe (Molière)
Taverns
Taxation: of American colonies armies and in Austria British, in India in England in France in Russia
Tea
Tears of the Indians, The (Las Casas)
Technology: in metallurgy Scientific Revolution and
Telescope
Tempietto (Bramante)
Temple of Reason, Notre-Dame as
Temuchin. See Genghis Khan
Tennis Court Oath
Tenochtitlán
Teresa of Avila (Saint)
Terror, the. See Reign of Terror
Test Act (England)
Testelin, Henri
Tetzel, Johann
Texas: missions in
Textbooks, medical
Textiles and textile industry India and
See also Industrial Revolution
Thailand (Siam)
Theater. See Drama Theatines
Theology: conciliarism and in 14th century Hermetic writings and Luther and of Zwingli
Thermidorean Reaction
Third Estate: in European society
Third Estate (France) as National Assembly See also Peasants
Third of May 1808, The (Goya)
Thirty-Nine Articles
Thirty Years’ War
Thomas (apostle): community in India and
Thomas à Kempis
Throne of Saint Peter (Bernini)
Thucydides
Tilly (Count)
Time, clocks and
Time of Troubles (Russia)
Tithes
Titian
Tlaxcala
Tokugawa Ieyasu (Japan)
Toleration. See Religious toleration
Toleration Act (England, 1689)
Toleration Patent (Austria)
Tonkin: letters of Louis XIV to king of
Topa Inca
Tordesillas, Treaty of
Tories (England)
Torture
Toul
Tourism
Tournai, Belgium: plague deaths in
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Towns. See Cities and towns Villages Townspeople<
br />
Trade: in Amsterdam with China commercial capitalism and in 18th century French globalization and with India mercantile empires and in Middle Ages overseas plague and in Renaissance triangular worldwide See also Mercantilism Slave trade
Trading companies: British East India Company Dutch East India Company Dutch West India Company
Trading empires: of Portugal
Trading posts: European
Trafalgar, Battle of
Traini, Francisco
Transubstantiation, Luther on
Transylvania
Travel
Travels (Cook)
Travels (Polo)
Travels during the Years 1787, 1788, and 1789… in the Kingdom of France (Young)
Travels of John Mandeville, The
Treason Act (England)
Treaties. See specific treaties
Treatise on Human Nature (Hume)
Trent, Council of
“Trial of Suzanne Gaudry, The,”
Trials: for witchcraft
Triangular trade
Tribute Money (Masaccio)
Triennial Act (England)
Triple Alliance
Triumph of Death, The (Traini)
Troyes, Treaty of
Trumbull, John
Tudor dynasty (England)
Tull, Jethro
Turks See also Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks Two Treatises of Government (Locke) Two Women Teach a Child to Walk (de Hooch)
Tyler, Wat Tyrol
Uccello, Paolo
Ultra-Catholics
Unam Sanctam (Boniface VIII)
Unification: of Spain
Union of Arras
Union of Kalmar
Union of Utrecht
United Kingdom See also England (Britain)
United Netherlands. See Dutch Republic
United Provinces. See Dutch Republic
United States: creation of slavery and
Universal law of gravitation
Universe: geocentric view of heliocentric view of Kepler on medieval conception of Scientific Revolution and See also Astronomy
Universities and colleges: in 18th century See also Education
University of Leiden
Upper Austria
Upper classes: birth control in in 18th century families in lifestyle of Renaissance artists and See also Classes
Urban VI (Pope)
Urban areas: in 14th century in 18th century in Renaissance See also Cities and towns
Urbino
Ursulines
Utopia (More)
Utrecht: Treaty (Peace) of (1713)
Valla, Lorenzo
Valley of Mexico See also Mexico
Valois dynasty (France)
Van Eyck, Jan
Vasa, Gustavus
Vasari, Giorgio
Vassals and vassalage
Vassy, Huguenot massacre at
Vatican Palace
Vendée, department of
Venice in 18th century printing in republic of trade and
Veracruz, Cortés in
Verdun
Vergerio, Pietro Paolo
Vernacular languages: literature in in Renaissance
Versailles architecture and lifestyle at women’s march to
Vesalius, Andreas
Vespucci, Amerigo
Viceroy
Vienna: Ottomans and
Vierzehnheiligen, church of
Vietnam
Villages
Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Wollstonecraft)
Violence: in domestic politics
Virginia: Jamestown in
Visconti family Filippo Maria
Vittorino da Feltre, school of
Vodka
Volga River region
Volkschulen (Austrian Empire)
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) on gender equality on writing of history
Von Bora, Katherina
Voting and voting rights: in England
Voyages of exploration
Vulgate: Erasmus and
Wages: price revolution and
Wallachia
Wallenstein, Albrecht von
Walpole, Robert
Walsingham, Francis
War for Independence. See American Revolution
War of the Austrian Succession
War of the League of Augsburg
War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Three Henries (France)
Wars and warfare: over colonies Dutch and in 18th century in Italy of Louis XIV slave trade and after Thirty Years’ War See also specific battles and wars
Warships
Wars of Religion
Wars of the Roses (England)
Wartburg Castle: Luther at
Washington, George
Water: for drinking
Water frame
Waterloo, battle at
Watteau, Antoine
Wealth: Catholic Church and Physiocrats on
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith)
Weapons: in African trade in Hundred Years’ War Portuguese in Thirty Years’ War
Weddings, in Renaissance Wellington, duke of
Wesley, John
West, the. See Western civilization
West Africa
Western civilization: Southeast Asia and
Western Europe: absolutism in Russia and Westernization: of Russia
West Indies
Westphalia Peace of West Prussia
Wet nurses
“What is the Third Estate?” (Sieyès)
Wheat: price of
White Mountain, Battle of
William III (Orange)
William and Mary (England)
William of Nassau. See William of Orange (the Silent)
William of Occam
William of Orange (the Silent)
Wilson, Richard
Winds, knowledge of
Winkelmann, Maria
Witchcraft
Wittenberg, Luther in
Wives. See Families; Women
Wolfe, James
Wollstonecraft, Mary
Wolsey, Thomas (Cardinal)
Women Christine de Pizan on debates on nature of education and in Enlightenment in France in Italian Renaissance magazines for missionary nunneries and mysticism of Protestant in Renaissance Italy Rousseau on in Russia salons and in sciences witchcraft and as workers See also Birth control Sex and sexuality
Women’s march, to Versailles
Woolen industry
Workers: children as in 18th century in French Revolution industrialization and women as See also Labor Working class(es) Working class(es): in Renaissance
See also Workers
Workplace
World-machine: of Newton
Worldview: Scientific
World War I: Russia and
Writing: of history
Wyclif, John
Xavier, Francis (Saint)
Ximenes, Cardinal (Spain)
Yorktown, battle at
Young, Arthur
Yucatán peninsula
Zaire (Congo) River
Zell, Katherine
Zemsky Sobor (national assembly)
Zinzendorf, Nikolaus von (Count)
Zürich, Protestants in
Zwingli, Ulrich