Trials of Passion

by Lisa Appignanesi

  p. 250 own sex: Ibid., p. 552

  p. 250 impossible: R. Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis, sometimes translated as The Psychology of Sex (New York: Rebman Company, 1899), pp. 1–2, 14

  p. 251 Courtis: Joelle Guillas, Crimes of Passion (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), p. 196

  PART THREE

  p. 255 tenderloin: For a history of New York, see Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) and Kenneth T. Jackson (ed.), The Encyclopedia of New York City (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995)

  p. 256 million: http://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/uscompare/relativevalue.php

  p. 257 skylight world: Paula Uruburu, American Eve (Riverhead Books: New York, 2008), p. 72

  p. 258 States: Charles C. Baldwin, Stanford White (New York: Springer, 1971), pp. 208–9; also Gerald Langford, The Murder of Stanford White (New York: Bobbs Merrill, 1962)

  p. 258 Monroe’s: Uruburu, American Eve, passim

  p. 261 romance: From Mamzelle Champagne, cited in Uruburu, American Eve, p. 281

  p. 261 indiscretion: Uruburu, American Eve, p. 270, quotes the New York Tribune description of the new look as ‘a little short of revolutionary in its application of such searching sculptural indiscretion to the female form’

  p. 264 ennercent: Harry K. Thaw, The Traitor (Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1926), p. 147

  p. 265 pleasure house: New York Times, 26 June 1906

  p. 267 Caillaux’s: New York Times, 25 January 1916

  p. 269 community: New York Times, 29 January 1906

  p. 273 fourteen years: Cited by Uruburu, American Eve, p. 48 and below, p. 49

  p. 280 one failing: Evelyn Nesbit, The Story of My Life (London: John Long, 1914), p. 53 and also above, pp. 49–57

  p. 283 agreed with me: Thaw, The Traitor, p. 101

  p. 284 annoyed: Nesbit, The Story of My Life, p. 80

  p. 287 put up with: Freud, S. (1894). Draft H. ‘Paranoia,’ in The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, 1887–1904, ed. J. M. Masson (Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985), p. 108

  p. 288 done to us: Ibid., pp. 109–10

  p. 291 future husband: Nesbit, The Story of My Life, p. 85

  p. 296 girls’ lives: Thaw, The Traitor, pp. 112–13

  p. 298 identical terms: Nesbit, The Story of My Life, p. 94

  p. 300 apparent cause: Cited in New York Times, 18 August 1913

  p. 300 harm Harry: Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 35

  p. 302 disgusting particulars: Jean Marie Lutes, Front-Page Girls: Women Journalists in American Culture and Fiction, 1880–1930 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006), p. 76

  p. 302 decent men: Quoted in Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 65

  p. 303 whatever: Thaw, The Traitor, pp. 149–51

  p. 305 at the time: F. A. Mackenzie (ed.), The Trial of Harry Thaw (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1928) contains the most verbatim material of all the books on the trial

  p. 305 reasonable doubt: Quoted in ibid., p. 42

  p. 307 photographer: Arthur P. Shimamura, ‘Muybridge in Motion: Travels in Art, Psychology and Neurology’, History of Photography, 26, part 4 (2002), pp. 341–50

  p. 307 insane: W. A. White, Insanity and the Criminal Law (New York: Macmillan, 1923), p. 91. Quoted in Emil R. Pinta, Paranoia of the Millionaire (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010), p. 9

  p. 310 objective: Allan McLane Hamilton, Recollections oj an Alienist (New York: George H. Doran, 1916), pp. 284ff. Available at http://books.google.co.uk/books

  p. 310 because insane: New York Times, 14 January 1917. Although the words ‘guilty but insane’ were used about Christiana Edmunds after her trial, the actual use of this as a courtroom verdict came in 1883 with the Trial of Lunatics Act

  p. 311 at this time: William A. White, letter of 4 November 1916 to Arthur P. Herring; and below, letter to Dr Fisher, November 1919, quoted in Gerald N. Grob, The Inner World of American Psychiatry 1890–1940 (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1985), pp. 171–4

  p. 312 arrest: See Thaw, The Traitor, pp. 153–5, for a description by Thaw of this early examination, in which nothing seemed to him to have been examined

  p. 313 continental literature: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/‘Epidemics of Hysteria’, Popular Science Monthly, vol. 49 (August 1896)

  p. 315 therefor: Quoted in Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, pp. 45–6. The current relevant part of the New York State Code reads: ‘S 40.15 Mental disease or defect. In any prosecution for an offense, it is an affirmative defense that: when the defendant engaged in the proscribed conduct, he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of mental disease or defect. Such lack of criminal responsibility means that at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or appreciate either: 1. The nature and consequence of such conduct; or 2. That such conduct was wrong’

  p. 316 queen: Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 91

  p. 318 about them: Quoted in Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, pp. 63–4, and Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, pp. 111–12. There are very slight differences in the versions

  p. 324 sane man: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, pp. 109–16 passim

  p. 326 helpless child: Cited in Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 147

  p. 326 a fool: Nesbit, The Story of My Life (London: John Long, 1914), frontispiece

  p. 327 self-protection: Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 172

  p. 327 self-possessed: Nesbit, The Story of My Life, p. 193

  p. 330 question: New York Times, 15 March 1907

  p. 330 1904: Pinta, Paranoia of the Millionaire, p. 17

  p. 331 in the wind: New York Times, 13 February 1907

  p. 331 brought to bear: William James, ‘Are We Automata?’. Available at http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/automata.htm

  p. 333 is wrong: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, pp. 170–5

  p. 334 dragon: New York Times, 22 March 1907

  p. 334 community: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, p. 182

  p. 335 every way: Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 202

  p. 336 human laws: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, pp. 191–2

  p. 336 allowed him: Quoted in ibid., p. 192

  p. 340 sob sisters: Jean Marie Lutes, ‘Sob Sisterhood Revisited’, American Literary History, vol. 15, no. 3 (fall 2003), pp. 504-32, 504

  p. 340 honor: Quoted from the New York Evening Journal in the Pittsburgh Gazette, 25 January 1907

  p. 341 did then: Helena Kennedy, Eve Was Framed (London: Vintage, 2005), pp. 96ff

  p. 342 heard it: See Jean Marie Lutes, Front-Page Girls, for an in-depth account of the women reporters’ points of view on the case, pp. 60ff

  p. 344 Thaw trial: Cited by Pinta, Paranoia of the Millionaire, p. 24

  p. 345 the question: Britton D. Evans, ‘Court Testimony of Alienists’, American Journal of Insanity, vol. 66, New York State Lunatic Asylum, July 1910 (at Harvard University, digitized 3 April 2007), pp. 83-109, 92

  p. 346 humanity: Ibid., pp. 90–1

  p. 350 affections: See Estela V. Welldon, passim, for the mother–child relations that can feed into criminality

  p. 353 prisoner: New York Times, 21 January 1908

  p. 354 insanity: New York Times, 29 January 1908; also Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, p. 235, and Pinta, Paranoia of the Millionaire, p. 26

  p. 355 delusional suicide: Emil Kraepelin, Manic-Depressive Insanity, trans. R. Mary Barclay, (Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone, 1921), pp. 19-24 passim, 220–9, 267, 275. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/manicdepressiveiOOkraeuoft

  p. 357 motives as these: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, pp. 243–4

  p. 359 mountains: New York State Archive

  p. 360 creatures: Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 240

  p. 362 may be: Mackenzie, The T
rial of Harry Thaw, p. 249

  p. 362 of the law: Outlook Magazine, cited in Langford, The Murder of Stanford White, p. 58

  p. 362 prevent it: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, p. 254

  p. 362 kill her: New York Times, 21 June 1912

  p. 363 confident: New York Times, 19 June 1912; also 30 June 1909

  p. 364 violence: New York Times, 30 July 1909

  p. 365 community: New York Times, 19 June 1912

  p. 367 his client: New York Times, 20 June 1912

  p. 367 habeas corpus: Cited by Pinta, Paranoia of the Millionaire, p. 49

  p. 368 unawares: New York Times, 18 August 1913

  p. 368 very insane: Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, p. 275

  p. 370 is insane: New York Times, 10 July 1915

  p. 373 I lived: Pinta, Paranoia of the Millionaire, p. 56

  p. 373 bill collectors: Uruburu, American Eve, p. 269

  p. 375 displeasure: Quoted by Mackenzie, The Trial of Harry Thaw, p. 299

  p. 375 any sense: See William A. White, Outlines of Psychiatry (New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1915), chapter 1 and passim; and White, Insanity and the Criminal Law (New York: Macmillan, 1923), chapter 9

  p. 376 psychological level: Bernard Glueck and William A. White, Studies in Forensic Psychiatry (Boston: Little Brown, 1916), p. 1

  p. 377 social liability: Grob, Inner World of American Psychiatry, 1890–1940, pp. 284 and below 285

  p. 378 electric chair: In an interesting note on psychiatric history, Dr Jones, who had examined Capote’s cold-blooded murderers and was an expert witness at their trial, consulted with the veteran psychiatrist Dr Satten. The latter concurred with his assessment of the two murderers – paranoid, with low self-esteem and an inability to contain impulses. He co-authored a 1960 article with the very same Karl Menninger who sent White the psychiatrists’ Credo. By then, Menninger was the doyen of the premier clinic and training centre that bore his name in Topeka, Kansas. In ‘Murder without Apparent Motive’, American Journal of Psychiatry (1960), pp. 48–53, the authors write: ‘In attempting to assess the criminal responsibility of murderers, the law tries to divide them (as it does all offenders) into two groups, the “sane” and the “insane”. The “sane” murderer is thought of as acting upon rational motives that can be understood, though condemned, and the “insane” one as being driven by irrational senseless motives. When rational motives are conspicuous (for example, when a man kills for personal gain) or when the irrational motives are accompanied by delusions or hallucinations (for example, a paranoid patient who kills his fancied persecutor), the situation presents little problem to the psychiatrist. But murderers who seem rational, coherent, and controlled, and yet whose homicidal acts have a bizarre, apparently senseless quality, pose a difficult problem’

  CODA

  p. 379 angel of law: Rober Musil, The Man without Qualities, trans. Burton Pike (London: Pan Macmillan, 1995), p. 263

  p. 382 sentence: See David Wexler and Bruce Winick, Law in a Therapeutic Key: Developments in Therapeutic Jurisprudence (Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 1996); Dawn Moore, ‘Translating Justice and Therapy’, British Journal of Criminology, 47 (2007), pp. 42–60

  p. 384 a year: HBVA Honour Based Violence Awareness Network at HBV- awareness.com provides data on honour killings worldwide

  p. 385 so hated: Banaz – A Love Story, directed by Deeyah, Fuuse Films

  p. 386 peril begins: http://www.adoctorm.com/docs/tarasoff.htm, accessed 23 April 2013

  p. 387 1933: See my Mad, Bad and Sad (London: Virago, 2008), pp. 305–8

  p. 387 Ireland: Brendan D. Kelly, ‘Erotomania: Epidemiology and Management’, Therapy in Practice, vol. 19, no. 8 (2005), pp. 657,668,660

  p. 389 conduct: http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/assassins/john__hinckley/9.html, accessed 23 March 2013

  p. 390 brains: ‘How to Spot a Murderer’s Brain’, Observer, 12 May 2013. See also Adrian Raine, The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime (London: Allen Lane, 2013)

  p. 390 hard job: http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/assassins/johnjhinckley/ll.html, accessed 23 March 2013

  p. 392 campaign: Sophie Goodchild, ‘Stalking Victim Backs First Advice Service’, Evening Standard, 9 May 2013

  p. 392 estimated: http://www.victimsofcrime.org/library/crime-information- and-statistics/stalking#ftnl, accessed 14 October 2013

  p. 394 reconciliation: Paul E. Mullen and Michele Pathé, ‘Stalking’, Crime and Justice, vol. 29 (2002), pp. 273–318; and Mullen, Pathé and Rosemary Purcell, ‘The Management of Stalkers’, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 7 (2001), pp. 335-42

  p.394 seeking: S. Strand and T. E. McEwan, ‘Violence among Female Stalkers’, in Psychological Medicine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711001498; J. Reid Meloy, Kris Mohandie and Mila Green, ‘The Female Stalker’, first published online 23 February 2011, DOI: 10.1002/bsl.976

  p. 395 victims: Quoted in Do the New Stalking Laws Show We Are Taking This Crime Seriously?’, Guardian blog post by Homa Khaleeli, 26 November 2012

  p. 395 social group: Estela V. Welldon, Playing with Dynamite (London: Karnac Books, 2011) pp. 171–190

  p. 396 Richard III: Freud, ‘Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho- Analytic Work’, in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. xiv (1916, 1925), pp. 311-14

  p. 396 gratifications: I am grateful to the Australian psychiatrist Edwin Harari for his lucid exposition of this material in a lecture on personality disorders

  p. 396 executioner: Steven Pinker, Better Angels of Our Nature (London: Allen Lane, 2011)p. 83

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