The Resilient Earth: Science, Global Warming and the Fate of Humanity
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All About Geothermal Energy – Potential Use, Geothermal Energy Assoc, website, 2007: http://www.geo-energy.org/aboutGE/potentialUse.asp
Sunlit uplands: Wind and solar power are flourishing, thanks to subsidies, the Economist, May 31, 2007.
Evaluation of global wind power, C. Archer and M. Jacobson, J. of Geo Research Atmos., vol. 110, 2005.
Ill winds, the Economist, July 29, 2004.
Getting wind farms off the ground, the Economist, June 7, 2007.
Ill winds, the Economist, July 29, 2004.
Greenpeace Supports Cape Wind, America's First Offshore Wind Farm, Greenpeace website, 2007.
Nation's first offshore wind farm clears important hurdle, Walter Brooks, Cape Cod Today, March 30, 2007.
Basic Research Needs For Solar Energy Utilization, U.S. DOE, 2005, p. 10: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/SEU_rpt.pdf
Sunlit uplands: Wind and solar power are flourishing, thanks to subsidies, The Economist, May 31, 2007.
Solar Energy for Everyone, Scott Shephard, 2006, Professional Builder website: http://www.housingzone.com/probuilder/article/CA6340267.html
Basic Research Needs For Solar Energy Utilization, U.S. DOE, 2005: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/SEU_rpt.pdf
TW stands for terawatt. A terawatt is 1,000,000 megawatts or 1,000,000,000,000 watts of power, the equivalent of 1.4 million horsepower.
Carbon Sequestration Frequently Asked Questions,National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. DOE website,, 2007: http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/faqs.html
Old Clean Coal, The Economist Technology Quarterly, Sept., 2007, p. 6.
Basic Research Needs For Solar Energy Utilization, U.S. DOE, 2005, p. 9.
The Killer Fog of '52, John Nielsen, NPR, All Things Considered, December 11, 2002.
Pollution From Chinese Coal Casts a Global Shadow, K. Bradsher, D. Barboza, The New York Times, June 11, 2006.
Underground coal fires called a “catastrophe,” Michael Woods, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 15, 2003.
Coal fires - A natural or man made hazard? Anupma Prakash, 2007: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/~prakash/coalfires/coalfires.html
Coal mine deaths spike upward, Thomas Frank, USA Today, January 1, 2007.
China's Coal Mines: Bottoming out, The Economist, August 23, 2007.
Methane gas release from the Storegga submarine landslide linked to early Holocene climate change: a speculative hypothesis, James E. Beget, The Holocene, Vol. 17, No. 3,pp 291-295, 2007.
For Aviation's Greenhouse-Gas Emissions, It's Technology Versus Growth, David Bond, Aviation Week & Space Technology, August 19, 2007.
Thinking Green In Our Blue Skies, Brian Dubie, Aviation Week, February 22, 2007.
GE Aviation Enables New, More Efficient Aircraft Approach Patterns, Brad Kenney, Industry Week, July 5, 2007.
Benefit assessment of using continuous descent approaches at Atlanta, I. Wilson and F. Hafner, Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2005. DASC 2005. The 24th Volume 1, Issue , 30 Oct.-3 Nov. 2005.
Lithium Batteries Take to the Road, John Voelcker, IEE Spectrum, Sept. 2007, pp 27-31.
Spinning into Control: High-tech reincarnations of an ancient way of storing energy, Davide Castelvecchi, Science News, May 19, 2007, Vol. 171, No. 20 , p. 312.
Spinning into Control: High-tech reincarnations of an ancient way of storing energy, Davide Castelvecchi, Science News, May 19, 2007, Vol. 171, No. 20 , p. 312.
Where the wind blows, The Economist, July 26, 2007.
Green is for Go, David Bond, AW&ST, August 2-/27, 2007, p 53.
Lifetime and Life Cycle Cost Estimation of Japanese Detached House, Yukio Komatsu, 2nd Japan-Scandinavia Seminar on Building Technology, Masala, Finland, 25-26. May, 2000.
The Zero-Zero Hero, Tekla S. Perry, IEEE Spectrum, Sept. 2007.
Green as Houses, The Economist, 15 Sept, 2007, pp. 40-42.
Nanoengineered Concrete Could Cut Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Science Daily, February 2, 2007.
Energy Firms Plan New Nuclear Power Plants, NPR Morning Edition, August 15, 2007.
Why the French Like Nuclear Energy, Jon Palfreman, PBS Frontline, 1995: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/reaction/readings/french.html
A Natural Fission Reactor, G. A. Cowan, Sci. American, 235:36, 1976.
The Fossil Nuclear Reactors of Oklo, Gabon, John Smellie, Radwaste Magazine, Nat. Analogs, March 1995:21.
Record of Cycling of the Natural Nuclear Reactor in the Oklo/Okelobondo Area in Gabon, A. P. Meshik, et al., Physical Review Letters, vol 93, No. 18. 2004.
Nuclear Dawn, The Economist Technology Quarterly, September, 2007.
Atomic Renaissance, The Economist, September 8, 2007, p. 71.
Space Solar Power, Frank Morring, AW&ST, August 20/27, 2007, p76.
Satellite Power System: Concept Development and Evaluation Program, DOE and NASA Reference System Report, Jan. 1979.
Lightly carbonated, the Economist, 2 August, 2007
Cool It, Bjørn Lomborg, 2007, Knopf, p. 31.
One Answer to Global Warming: A New Tax, N. G. Mankiw, New York Times, September 16, 2007.
Carbon Abatement: Lessons from Second-Best Economics, Ian W. H. Parry, Resources for the Future, 2000.
The Brand of Clinton, The Economist, 22 September, 2007, p 84.
Table of Contents
Preface
Units and Measurements
About The References
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Science Obscured
Global Warming Confusion
The Three Pillars of Science
The Path Ahead
Global Warming–The Crisis Defined
The History of Global Warming
Is Earth Really Warming?
The IPCC Reports
The Fourth Assessment Report
Predicted Effects of Global Warming
The Causes of Global Warming
Global Climate Models and CO2
A Summary of the Problem
We are in an Ice Age?
The Iceman
Since the Ice Started Melting
Historic Climate Changes
The Little Ice Age
The IPCC Changes Climate History
Another Ice Age?
What can we expect in the future?
Unprecedented Climate Change?
In The Beginning
The Hadean and Archean Eons
The Proterozoic Eon
The Phanerozoic Eon
The Paleozoic Era
The Mesozoic Era
The Cenozoic Era
The Paleogene Period
The Neogene Period
Ice House World
The Holocene Epoch
Lessons from the Past
Ice Ages
The Father of Glaciology
Ancient Ice Ages
Snowball Earth
Phanerozoic Ice Ages
Our Ice Age, the Pleistocene
The Causes of Ice Ages
A Species Shaped by the Ice Age
Ancient Extinctions
The Ohio Animal
The Tree of Life
Major Phanerozoic Extinction Events
The Causes of Extinction
Invasive Species
The Sixth Extinction
Changing Atmospheric Gases
Discovering the Greenhouse Effect
The Greenhouse Today
Carbon Dioxide
The Carbon Cycle
The Missing Sink
The Bottom Line On CO2
Moving Continents & Ocean Currents
Drifting Continents
Continental Movement in the Past
Plate Tectonics
Earth's Plates Today
The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt
The Only Constant is Change
Variations In Earth's Orbit
Cycles of Earth
The Croll-Milankovitch Cycles
Limits of Orbital Forcing
Varying Solar Radiation
Stellar Evolution
Our Star, the Sun
Sunspots and Solar Climate
Solar Spectrum and Greenhouse Absorption
Other Possible Links to the Sun
Cosmic Rays
Strange Particles from Outer Space
Supernovae and Cosmic Rays
Earth Showers and Muons
Cosmic Rays and Cloud Formation
Our Vagabond Sun
A Grand Tour of the Galaxy
Ice Ages and Spiral Arms
Cosmo-Climatology
How Science Works
The Invention of Science
The Scientific Method
Hypotheses, Theses and Laws
The Aha! Moment
Accepting New Ideas
Why Consensus is Meaningless
The First Pillar of Climate Science
Experimental Data and Error
Satellites and Radiosondes
Proxies and Paleoclimate
Measuring Time
Indicators of Climate
Ice Cores, Gas Bubbles and Isotopes
Living with Error and Uncertainty
The Hockey Stick Revisited
The Second Pillar of Climate Science
The Limits of Climate Science
Why Models Aren't Reliable
Sources of Modeling Error
Computational Error
Modeling Earth's Climate
GISS modelE
Modeling Invalidated
The IPCC Report Reexamined
Prophets of Doom
The Media Reports on Global Warming
Other Voices
Al Gore's Convenient Calling
Masters of Deception
Our Global Civilization
The Worst That Could Happen
A Rising Tide
Worsening Weather
Mass Extinctions
Plague, Pestilence and Famine
A Sudden Shock to the System
Global Warming Summarized
Mitigation Strategies
The IPCC Suggestions
Biofuels
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Wind Power
Solar Power
Coal's False Promise
Methane Ice
Renewable Energy Redux
A Plan for the Future
Getting from Point A to Point B
Building for the Long Run
The New Nuclear Age
A Step Farther Out
Plan Summary
The Fate of Planet Earth
Afterward
References