The Man with the Poison Gun

by Serhii Plokhy

  7. Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh, 3:593, 601; B. Aleksandrov, “Neshchastnyi sluchai ili ubiistvo?” Komsomol’skaia pravda, October 22, 1959; B. Aleksandrov, “Sledy vedut k Oberlenderu,” Komsomol’skaia pravda, October 25, 1959.

  8. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 587–589; Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh, 3:593, 601; Philipp Ther, “War Versus Peace: Interethnic Relations in Lviv During the First Half of the Twentieth Century,” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 24 (2000): 251–284; Volodymyr Viatrovych, “Iak tvorylasia legenda pro Nakhtigal,’” Dzerkalo tyzhnia, February 16, 2008; Taras Hunczak, “Shukhevych and the Nachtigall Battalion: Soviet Fabrications About the Ukrainian Resistance Movement,” The Day (Kyiv, 2009), no. 22; John-Paul Himka, “The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists, and the Carnival Crowd,” Canadian Slavonic Papers 53, nos. 2–4 (2011): 209–243; Serhii Riabenko, “Slidamy “Lvivs’koho pohromu” Ivana Dzhona Khymky, Ukrains’ka pravda, February 20, 2013.

  9. Michael Lemke, “Kampagnen gegen Bonn: Die Systemkrise der DDR und die West-Propaganda der SED 1960–1963,” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 41 (1993): 151–174; DEFA Studio for Newsreels and Documentaries, Eyewitness 1959 / W 88 www.defa.de/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabID=412&FilmID=Q6UJ9A0040QW; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 357–359; Tennent H. Bagley, Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief (New York, 2013), chap. 12.

  10. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 225.

  CHAPTER 16: HIGH HOPES

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 202.

  2. Teodor Gladkov, Lift v razvedku: “Korol’ nelegalov” Aleksandr Korotkov (Moscow, 2002); Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 48, 138–139; 241–244.

  3. Khokhlov, Pravo na sovest’, 113–138; “Shpion, kotoryi byl otravlen KGB, no vyzhil,” APN Nizhnii Novgorod, January 12, 2006, www.apn-nn.ru/contex_s/26820.html.

  4. Volodarsky, The KGB’s Poison Factory, 184.

  5. Murphy et al., Battleground Berlin, 264–266.

  6. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 202–203; Anders, Murder to Order, 59–60.

  7. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 202–203; Anders, Murder to Order, 59–60.

  8. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 188–189.

  CHAPTER 17: MAN AT THE TOP

  1. Typescript of Vladimir Semichastny’s memoirs with his personal corrections, in the archive of Professor Tomas Sniegon, University of Lund, Sweden, 66. Cf. Vladimir Semichastny, Bespokoinoe serdtse (Moscow, 2002), 193; “Ėkspertnoe zakliuchenie k zasedaniiu Verkhovnogo suda RF, May 26, 1992,” Memorial, www.memo.ru/history/exp-kpss/Chapter5.htm; Leonid Mlechin, Zheleznyi Shurik (Moscow, 2004), 237.

  2. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, 146–147; Posivnych, Stepan Bandera, 11–14; Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 357, 378.

  3. Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 249, 252–253, 378.

  4. Ibid., 355; Georgii Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota: Razgrom vooruzhennogo podpol’ia v Zapadnoi Ukraine (Moscow, 2002), 19, 342–343; Breitman and Goda, Hitler’s Shadow, 83.

  5. Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota: Bor’ba s vooruzhennym podpol’em OUN v Zapadnoi Ukraine (Moscow, 2008), 249; “Diadei v organakh KGB nemalo, a umeniia nashchupat vraga eshche ne vsegda khvataet,” Kommersant Vlast’ 994, no. 40 (October 8, 2012).

  6. Filipp Bobkov, “A. N. Shelepin,” Federal’naia sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii www.fsb.ru/fsb/history/author/single.htm!id%3D10317982%2540fsbPublication.html.

  7. Leonid Mlechin, Shelepin (Moscow, 2009); Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: Intelligence Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev (New York, 1990), 463; Herbert Romerstein, “Disinformation as a KGB Weapon in the Cold War,” Journal of Intelligence History 1 (Summer 2001): 54–67.

  CHAPTER 18: PRIVATE MATTER

  1. Anders, Murder to Order, 60; Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 204.

  2. Aleksandr Sever, Smert’ shpionam! Voennaia kontrrazvedka Smersh v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (Moscow, 2009), 410; A. A. Sokolov, Anatomiia predatel’stva: “Superkrot” TsRU v KGB. 35 let shpionazha generala Olega Kalugina (Moscow, 2005), 33; Vitalii Pavlov, Operatsiia Sneg: Polveka vo vneshnei razvedke KGB (Moscow, 1996), 116.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 204; Anders, Murder to Order, 61.

  4. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 620; Anders, Murder to Order, 38–39, 60, 114; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love”; Peter-Ferdinand Koch, Der Fund: Die Skandale des Stern Gerd Heidemann und die Hitler-Tagebuch (Hamburg, 1990), 107–121; Annemarie Lange, Führer durch Berlin (Berlin, 1963), 121; Excerpts from a report on meeting with the agent “Lipski,” Archives of the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Warsaw, IPN BU 01355/196/J (1074/4/48), 1–2.

  5. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 620; Anders, Murder to Order, 60.

  6. Anders, Murder to Order, 61.

  7. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 208.

  CHAPTER 19: AWARD

  1. “Simvoly zovushchie k miru i progressu,” Pravda, December 7, 1959, 4; “Vsenarodnyi prazdnik,” Pravda, December 6, 1959, 1.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 204–205; Anders, Murder to Order, 62.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 206; Anders, Murder to Order, 62–63.

  4. William Hood, Mole: The True Story of the First Russian Spy to Become an American Counterspy (Washington, DC, 1993), 68.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 208–211, 226; Anders, Murder to Order, 63–64.

  CHAPTER 20: PROPOSAL

  1. Anders, Murder to Order, 64; Murphy et al., Battleground Berlin, 488; Tennent H. Bagley, Spy Wars: Moles, Mysteries, and Deadly Games (New Haven, CT, 2008), 123–131; “Fabrichnikov, Arkadii Andreevich,” Mezhdunarodnyi ob’edinennyi biograficheskii tsentr, http://wwii-soldat.narod.ru/200/ARTICLES/BIO/fabrichnikov_aa.htm; Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2002), 343–344; “Kravchenko Nikolai Nikolaevich,” in Petrov, Kto rukovodil organami gosbezopasnosti, 505–506.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 209–211; Anders, Murder to Order, 64.

  3. Anders, Murder to Order, 64–65; Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 212.

  4. Hood, Mole, 23.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 212–213; Anders, Murder to Order, 64–65; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 355.

  6. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 620; Anders, Murder to Order, 38–39, 60, 114; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love”; Peter-Ferdinand Koch, Der Fund. Die Skandale des Stern Gerd Heidemann und die Hitler-Tagebuch (Hamburg, 1990), 110–111.

  7. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 210–215; Anders, Murder to Order, 65.

  CHAPTER 21: INTRODUCING THE BRIDE

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 215–216; Anders, Murder to Order, 67–68.

  2. Koch, Der Fund, 114–116.

  3. “Razoruzhenie—put’ k uprocheniiu mira, ukrepleniiu druzhby mezhdu narodami: Doklad tovarishcha N. S. Khrushcheva na sessii Verkhovnoho Soveta SSR,” Pravda, January 15, 1960, 1–2; The Kitchen Debate (Nixon and Khrushchev, 1959), 2 parts, www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6RLCw1OZFw&feature=relmfu.

  4. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 215–216; Anders, Murder to Order, 67–68. For transcripts of conversations wiretapped by the KGB in the Moscow hotels in the late 1950s, see Osobyiarkhiv Litvy (KGB Litovskoi SSR), opis 3, delo 8411–3.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 218–219, 226; Koch, Der Fund, 116–117.

  6. Anders, Murder to Order, 68; Deacon and West, Spy!, 126; Koch, Der Fund, 116.

  CHAPTER 22: MONTH OF THE SPY

  1. Koch, Der Fund, 117–118.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 217–218; Imena Moskovskikh ulits: Putevoditel’, ed. K. G. Efremov, 5th e
d. (Moscow, 1988), 141.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 217, 227; Koch, Der Fund, 117–118; Hood, Mole, 176–177.

  4. “The Summit Conference of 1960: The Intelligence Officer’s View,” Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/sherman-kent-and-the-board-of-national-estimates-collected-essays/8summit.html.

  5. “The Paris Summit Falls Apart,” UPI, www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1960/The-Paris-Summit-Falls-Apart/12295509435928–2; David Lawrence, “Infiltration of Communists Still Serious Problem Here,” Evening Independent, June 16, 1960; Bem Price, “Poor Spies Pose War Threat,” Victoria Advocate, July 30, 1991, 3A.

  6. Krovavye deianiia Oberlandera: Otchet o press-konferentsii dlia sovetskikh i inostrannykh zhurnalistov, sostoiavsheisia v Moskve 5 aprelia 1960 goda (Moscow, 1960); Hermann Raschhhofer, Political Assassination: The Legal Background of the Oberländer and Stashinsky Cases (Tübingen, Germany, 1964); Viatrovych, “Iak tvorylasia legenda pro Nakhtigal’”; “Völkerrechtliche Praxis der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Jahre 1960,” in Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (1963): 345–346; Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 44–46, 592–595.

  CHAPTER 23: GOING IN CIRCLES

  1. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 34–35, 592; “Delving Behind the Scenes of the Death of Stefan Bandera,” CIA report, July 14, 1960, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6, “The Visit of the Oberkomissar of the German Criminal Police, Adrian Fuchs,” CIA, May 2, 1960, Attachment C, ibid.

  2. “Matviieiko Miron, shef sluzhby bezpeki OUN, ‘Usmikh,’ agent angliiskoi razvedki ‘Moddi’: protokoly doprosov,” Novosti Ukrainy, http://noviny.su/smi-00000745.html; Author’s interview with Anatol Kaminsky, July 27, 2012.

  3. “Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files.”

  4. Chief of Base, Munich, to Chief, S[oviet R[ussia Division], May 2, 1960, EGMA 48874, 1; Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), RG 263, E ZZ-18.

  5. “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 1–2.

  6. Ibid., 3–4.

  7. Ibid., 7–18; “The Visit of the Oberkommissar,” 3.

  8. Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, 408; Random Notes, “Role of Ivan Kashuba,” May 2, 1960, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Chief of Base, Munich, to Director, [Central Intelligence Agency], November 29, 1961, IN 29726, 1–3, Subject Files: AEDOGMA/AEBATH, NARA, RG 263, B 5.

  CHAPTER 24: MOSCOW BUGS

  1. Anders, Murder to Order, 69; Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 227.

  2. “Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR/1960/Sel’skoe khoziaistvo,” www.mysteriouscountry.ru/wiki/index; Robert W. Gibson, “Reporter Returns. Soviet Life: Big Changes Since 1960,” Los Angeles Times, April 17, 1986.

  3. “Rasstreliannyi gorod,” Trud, July 2, 2007 www.trud.ru/article/02-06-2007/116699_rasstreljannyj_gorod.html.

  4. Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love,” 432; Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 227; Anders, Murder to Order, 70.

  5. Peter Grier, “Cleaning the Bug House,” Air Force Magazine, September 2012, www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2012/September%202012/0912embassy.aspx.

  6. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 217, 229–230; Anders, Murder to Order, 70–71; Koch, Der Fund, 119.

  CHAPTER 25: FAMILY

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 230–231; Anders, Murder to Order, 71.

  2. Lesia Fediv, “Vin ubyv Banderu,” Shchodennyi L’viv, May 22, 2008.

  3. “Toi samyi Bohdan,” Ekspres, October 14, 2010; Iurii Lukanov, “Try liubovi Stepana Bandery: Stsenarii dokumental’noho televiziinoho fil’mu,” 1998, www.oocities.org/yuriylukanov/start_files/dorobok/dorobok01.htm; Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 143; Ivan Farion, “Iak by mohla, sama ubyla b ubyvtsiu Bandery . . . ,” Vysokyi zamok, October 14, 2015.

  4. Iuliia Kohut, “L’viv u stratehichnykh planakh rosiis’koho tsaria,” Travel Lviv: Tury po L’vovu, http://travellviv.com/uk_statti_petro1.html.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 231–232; Anders, Murder to Order, 71–72; Koch, Der Fund, 119.

  CHAPTER 26: CHANGE OF PLANS

  1. “Baryshnikov Vladimir Iakovlevich,” in Petrov, Kto rukovodil organami gosbezopasnosti, 182–183; Dmitrii Tarasov, Bol’shaia igra SMERSha (Moscow, 2010), 11–13.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 232–233; Anders, Murder to Order, 72; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love,” 433.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 233; Anders, Murder to Order, 73.

  CHAPTER 27: NEW YEAR

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 210, 226; Anders, Murder to Order, 72–73.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 233.; Koch, Der Fund, 119.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 218; see photo of Stashinsky sisters following p. 695.

  4. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 232.

  5. Ibid., 234; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love,” 433; Anders, Murder to Order, 73.

  6. Anders, Murder to Order, 73–74.

  CHAPTER 28: BACK TO SCHOOL

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 234–235; see photocopies of Stashinsky’s official evaluation, passport, and student identification card following p. 695.

  2. Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2008), 17.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 235; Anders, Murder to Order, 75–76.

  4. Inge’s letter as shown in Tainy razvedki: Likvidatsiia Stefana Bandery, television documentary, 2012, http://my.mail.ru/community/russkiemaloross/tag/%D1%F2%E0%F8%E8%ED%F1%EA%E8%E9.

  5. Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love,” 434; Inge Pohl’s police testimony, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 620–621; Anders, Murder to Order, 76; Koch, Der Fund, 119; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 355.

  CHAPTER 29: TELEPHONE CALL

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 235, Inge Pohl’s police testimony, in ibid., 621.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 235–236; Anders, Murder to Order, 89.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 236; Anders, Murder to Order, 90–91; Aleksandr Bogomolov and Georgii Sannikov, Bez protokola: Nevydumannye istorii (Moscow, 2010), 210; Mlechin, Zheleznyi Shurik, 240.

  CHAPTER 30: BERLIN

  1. “Zadanie Rodiny vypolneno! Raport geroia-kosmonavta Germana Titova tovarishchu N. S. Khrushchevu na Vnukovskom aėrodrome, 9 avgusta 1961 g.,” Pravda, August 10, 1961, 1; “Genii i trud naroda tvoriat chudesa: Rech N. S. Khrushcheva,” Pravda, August 10, 1961, 2.

  2. “Vystuplenie N. S. Khrushcheva po radio i televideniiu 7 avgusta 1961 g.,” Pravda, August 8, 1961, 1–2; John F. Kennedy, “The Berlin Crisis,” July 25, 1961, www.presidentialrhetoric.com/historicspeeches/kennedy/berlincrisis.html; Frederick Kempe, Berlin, 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth (New York, 2011), 269–322.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 236; Anders, Murder to Order, 90–91; Koch, Der Fund, 119.

  CHAPTER 31: DOWN TO THE WIRE

  1. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 238, 621; Anders, Murder to Order, 92–97.

  2. Kempe, Berlin 1961, 337.

  3. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 238, 621; Anders, Murder to Order, 94, 97; Kempe, Berlin 1961, 336; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love,” 434–435.

  4. Kempe, Berlin 1961, 339–340, 345–346.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 245; Anders, Murder to Order, 94–95; Kempe, Berlin 1961, 343–345; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by
Love,” 434–435; Koch, Der Fund, 119–120.

  CHAPTER 32: SHOCK WAVE

  1. Records of the Rohrbeck Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Archive, Dallgow.

  2. Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2008), 18; Anders, Murder to Order, 98.

  3. Bogomolov and Sannikov, Bez protokola, 248; Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2002), 16–18; Aleksandr Sripnik, “17 mgnovenii iz zhizni veterana razvedki Konstantina Bogomazova,” Ezhenedelnik 2000, November 13, 2009.

  4. Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh, 3: 590–593; “Umer neposredstvennyi rukovoditel’ operatsii po ubiistvam Stepana Bandery i L’va Rebeta,” Novosti Ukrainy, June 25, 2008, http://rus.newsru.ua/ukraine/24jun2008/sviatohorov.html; Anatolii Tereshchenko, Komandir razvedgruppy: Za liniei fronta (Moscow, 2013); Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2002), 15–17; Georgii Sannikov, “General Zubatenko,” Lubianka, no. 8 (2008): 228–235.

  5. Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2008), 17–18; Aleksandr Skripnik, “Shchit i mech Aleksandra Sviatogorova,” 2000, no. 50 (December 13–19, 2013), www.szru.gov.ua/index_ua/index.html%3Fp=3317.html.

  6. Gladkov, Lift v razvedku, 571–574; Murphy et al., Battleground Berlin, 301–304; Bogomolov and Sannikov, Bez protokola, 174.

  7. Skripnik, “Shchit i mech Aleksandra Sviatogorova.”

  8. Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota (2002), 16–17; Memorandum for the Record, April 22, 1976, Subject: Assassination of Stefan Bandera, 6, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, 6; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story, 386; Evgenii Chernykh, “Slukhach Sovetskogo Soiuza,” Komsomol’skaia pravda, December 20, 2012.

  9. Anders, Murder to Order, p. 68; Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, 271–274, photo of Oleksii Daimon following p. 504; “Personal File no. 301: Major Daimon, Aleksei Filimonovich,” Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine (Kyiv), Fond 12, no. 17587; Zhan Kots’kyi [Ivan Kotovenko], “Buzynovyi dyskurs. Intermetstso.” Maidan. Arkhivy forumiv Maidanu, http://maidanua.org/arch/arch2004/1083958049.html.