The Great War
Page 65
Harrington, Brigadier Charles 360–61
Hase, Commander Georg von 257
Hausen, General Max von 51
Hawthorn Ridge 239
Hazebrouck 68, 417, 428, 430
Hedjaz railway 398
Heeringen, General Josias von 38, 40
Hehir, Colonel Patrick 284
Heights of Combres (Les Eparges) 128
Heligoland Bight 262
Heligoland Bight, Battle of (1914) 104
Helles, Cape, Gallipoli 170, 172, 173
Helles Peninsula, Gallipoli 174, 175, 176, 178, 184, 185
Henrik (Norwegian steamer) 119
Henriques, Second Lieutenant Basil 234
Hermanns, Private William 50, 206–8
Herzegovina: annexed by Austria-Hungary (1908) 20–21
Hesse, Lieutenant Kurt 443
Hevnik Peak 387
High Wood 229, 233
High Wood-Flers-Martinpuich-Courcelette sector, Somme 233
Hill 60
Ypres 142, 349
Hill 971, Gallipoli 177, 179
Hill Q, Gallipoli 180
Hindenburg, General Paul von 86, 125, 157, 160, 163, 242
replaces Prittwitz 85
and German Ninth Army 88
personality 88
Commander in Chief of the Eastern Armies 89
at Posen conference 90
and Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 159
Falkenhayn dilutes his power 163
appointed Chief of Staff 231, 247
on the Armistice 461
Hindenburg Line 333, 338, 370, 374, 427, 454, 455, 459
Hipper, Admiral Franz von 114, 115, 116, 254, 256, 260, 323, 324
Hitler, Adolf 470
Hoffmann, Colonel Max 85, 86
Hogue (armoured cruiser) 106, 107
Holder-Egger (section leader, German 12th Infantry Regiment) 55
Holland, Ordinary Seaman Larimore 122–3
Hood, Private Magnus McIntyre 336
Hopp, Ensign August 128
Horne, General Sir Henry 330–31, 417, 451, 453
Horns Reef 262, 266
Hötzendorf, General Franz Conrad von 157, 380
Houthulst Forest 366, 367
Hughes, Lieutenant Thomas 215
Hunter-Weston, Lieutenant General Sir Aylmer 174, 175
Hussein, Sherif, of Mecca 397
Hutier, General Oskar von 300, 301, 385, 416
I
Idriess, Trooper Ion 402–3
IEF ‘D’ see Indian Expeditionary Force (IEF) ‘D’
Ignard, Captain 42
Immelmann, Max 216, 435
Imperial Air Service 82
imperialism 4, 6, 469, 472
Indefatigable 254
Indian Army
Indian Expeditionary Force (IEF) ‘D’ 270, 369
3rd Indian Division 290, 406
7th Indian Division 285, 406
6th Indian Division 269, 272, 276, 278
10th Indian Division 393–4
11th Indian Division 393–94
12th Indian Division 271, 272, 275
13th Indian Division 285
14th Indian Division 290
29th Indian Brigade 179
Indian Labour Corps 269, 289, 294
Indian government: told to raise and despatch a land force 268–9
Indomitable (battlecruiser) 115, 253
Inflexible (battlecruiser) 111, 169
Ingenohl, Admiral Friedrich von
Commander in Chief of the German High Seas Fleet 102
caution of 107
raids on east coast of Britain 114–15
replaced after Battle of Dogger Bank 116–17
Inland Water Transport 294
Intrepid (cruiser) 319, 322
Invincible (battlecruiser) 111, 260
Iphigenia (cruiser) 319, 322
Irish Home Rule 8
Iron Duke 258
Irresistible (pre-dreadnought) 169
Isandlwana, Battle of (1879) 52
Isonzo
First Battle of the (1915) 381
Second Battle of the (1915) 381
Third Battle of the (1915) 381
Fourth Battle of the (1915) 381
Fifth Battle of the (1916) 381–2
Sixth Battle of the (1916) 382
Seventh Battle of the (1916) 382–3
Eighth Battle of the (1916) 382–3
Ninth Battle of the (1916) 382–3
Tenth Battle of the (1917) 383–4
Eleventh Battle of the (1917) 384
Twelfth Battle of the (1917) (Battle of Caporetto) 385–8, 392
Isonzo Valley 392
Isonzo River 379, 380, 381
Isonzo Sector 379, 380, 382
Istria 10, 392
Italia Irredenta (Unredeemed Italy) 378, 392
Italian Army 189, 304, 367
size 379, 380
conscription 379
officers and lower ranks 379
weaponry 379–80
Italian campaign 308
Italian Front 245, 246, 370, 378, 380, 385, 388, 462
Italian Navy, dreadnoughts 98
Italian Offensive (Conrad) 245, 246
Italy 378–92
relationship with Germany 9
unification 9–10
colonialism 10
wars against Austro-Hungarian Empire 10, 379
declares war on Turkey 21
bails out of alliance with Central Powers 29, 378, 382
considers joining the war on the Allied side 160
secret Treaty of London 378–9
declares war on Germany 382
Battles of the Isonzo 381–8
Diaz replaces Cadorna 388
Battle of the Piave River 389–90
Battle of Vittorio Veneto 390–92
armistice signed 392
Italian triumph at a high cost 392
Ivanov, General Nicolai 87, 88, 91, 158, 160
J
Jaffa 405
Jagodnja mountains 92
Jagow, Gottlieb von 30, 31
Janda, Lieutenant Ludislav 444
Japan viii, x
Jasper Farm 355
Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John 115, 186
on risks to Grand Fleet 94
naval career 103
on tactics 107–8
caution of 108–9, 253, 262, 306
Fisher over-rules 111
opposition to Allied efforts to force the Dardanelles 169
determined to maintain domination of the seas 252, 267
Battle of Jutland 253–4, 257, 258, 260–63, 265–7, 306
First Sea Lord 306, 310
and Anti-Submarine Division 310
and convoy system 311–12
Haig on 312
dismissed by Geddes 315
Jerusalem 293, 400, 405–6
Jevszek 387
Jevtic, Borijove 23
Joffre, General Joseph 18, 59, 69, 139, 244, 424, 473
Chief of General Staff 16
personality 16, 52
re-evaluation of strategy 16
Plan XVII 17, 38
Alsace-Lorraine offensive 38–9
Ardennes offensive 41, 47
underestimates scale of German onslaught 51
on routine at GHQ 60
considers tactical options 61–2
newly cautious demeanour 63–4
Battle of the Marne 65–6, 67, 328
spring offensive on St Mihiel Salient 129
and artillery support 130, 149
and Battle of Vimy Ridge 144
and Gallipoli Campaign 147–8
determined to support Russia 148
autumn offensives 148, 149, 151
damaged reputation 155, 328
dismisses Sarrail 188
selects the Somme for alliance warfare 197, 205, 209
Battle of Verdun 202, 203, 328
and Henri Pétain 203–4
; meeting with Haig 225
falls from power 328, 341
Jordan River 406, 407, 408
Joubaire, Private Alfred 45
Judean Hills 405
Julian Alps 380, 381
Julnar (steamer) 286
Jumeaux Ravine 192
Jutland, Battle of (1916) 253–67, 288, 305–6, 308, 315
K
Kahl, Private Willi 71–2
Karakol Dagh, Gallipoli 181
Karl I, Emperor 299
Karlsruhe (light cruiser) 109
Karun River 268, 272
Kemal, Lieutenant Colonel Mustafa 171–2, 180
Kennedy, Lieutenant Malcolm 137
Kent (armoured cruiser) 111
Kerensky, Alexander 295, 299, 300, 302, 303
Kereves Dere175
Kereves Spur 175
Kerr, Corporal William 449
Keyes, Commodore Roger 104
Keyes, Vice Admiral Sir Roger 194, 319
Kidney Hill 183
Kiefner, Lance Corporal 386–7
Kiel naval base 95
Kienitz, Senior Lieutenant 221–2
Kilid Bahr Plateau170, 172, 175
Kiretch Tepe 177, 181, 183
Kirkby, Private Billy 370
Kirkup 293
Kitchener, Field Marshal Lord
expansion of BEF 155
and 1915 autumn offensives 149–50
his ‘New Army’ 156, 177, 198
Russians ask for help against Turkish offensive 168
and Gallipoli 174, 185
and the Suez Canal 395
death 305
Kitching, Engineer Commander Henry 258–9
Kluck, General Alexander von 50, 54, 57, 58, 64, 65, 66
Knoop, Lieutenant Ernst 110–11
Kohl, Lieutenant Hermann 233
König Wilhelm 95
Königsberg, East Prussia 86
Königsberg (light cruiser) 110
Kornilov, General Lavr 299, 301–2
Kosturino Pass 192
Kressenstein, Colonel Friedrich von 394, 396, 397
Kretschmer, Private Paul 419–20
Krithia
First Battle of (1915) 173
Second Battle of (1915) 174
Third Battle of (1915) 174–5
Kronstadt, Russia 300
Kuhl, General von 362
Kum Kale, Gallipoli 170, 172, 173
Kuropatkin, General Alexei 164
Kut al Amara, Mesopotamia 271, 275, 277
Townshend enters 276
under siege 279–87
capitulation 287
L
La Bassée Canal, near Béthune, France 69, 428
La Boisselle Salient, Somme 221
La Targette, Pas-de-Calais, France 145
Lais, Corporal Otto 220–21
Lake Doiran 191, 192
Lake, General Sir Percy 282, 290
Lake Naroch, Battle of (1916) 243
Lala Baba, Gallipoli 180, 181
Landsturm, tertiary army reserve unit 3
Landwehr, secondary army reserve unit 3
Langle de Cary, General Fernand de 41, 127, 129–30, 139
Lanrezac, General Charles
commands the Fifth Army 41, 51, 52
in Battle of Charleroi 51
reluctant to launch counter-attack against German Second Army 63
dismissed by Joffre 64
Laporte, Corporal Henri 151–2
Latour, France 44
Lawrence, Lieutenant Cyril 361
Lawrence, Captain T.E. 397–8, 408
Lawson, Captain Cuthbert 217
Le Cateau, Battle of (1914) 57–8, 72
Le Transloy Ridge 235
League of the Three Emperors (formed 1873) 2
Lebanon 5, 471
Lebaud, Lieutenant Colonel Pierre 43
Lee, Second Lieutenant Archibald 399–400
Lee, Second Lieutenant Arthur Gould 371–72
Leipzig (light cruiser) 109, 113
Leman, Lieutenant General Gérard 35, 36, 37–8
Lemburg, Austria
captured by Allies (1914) 87
recaptured 162
Lenin, Vladimir
Bolshevik leader 298
returns to Russia 298–9
calls for an end to the war 299
goes into hiding 300
launch of second Russian Revolution 302
mass appeal of 303
Lens 68
Lens-Douai plain127
Leopold of Bavaria, Prince 163, 248
Les Éparges Ridge 129
Lewis, Jane 121
Lewis Pelly (armed tug) 275
Lewis, Second Lieutenant David 433–4
Liège, Battle of (1914) 15, 35–8, 85
Lille, France 69
Liman von Sanders, General Otto 22, 170, 406, 407
Lintier, Gunner Paul 44–5, 48–9
Lion (battlecruiser) 115, 116, 117, 254, 256
Lithuania: occupied by German forces 303
Livermore, Private Bernard 405–6
Lloyd George, David
and the Balkans 189
appoints Geddes 313
and Jellicoe 315
schemes of 328–9
and Haig’s plans 329, 351–2
favours Nivelle’s plan 330
an accomplished conspirator 330
on the Italian Front 378
on sideshows 393
and Palestine 400
loses faith in Haig 413–14
reduction of number of men available to BEF 414, 420, 425
and Supreme War Council 414–15
and Robertson’s resignation 415, 448
starves Haig of troops at a crucial time 415
Lodz 89, 90
London, Treaty of (1879) 20, 29
London, Treaty of (1915) 378–9
London Ridge promontory 354, 361
Lone Pine, Battle of (1915) 178–9
Lone Pine 177
Longueval 227, 229
Loos, Battle of (1915) 149, 151, 152–4, 155, 186, 197, 211, 225, 230, 232
Lorette Ridge 417
Lossberg, Colonel Fritz von 362, 327
Lothringen (pre-dreadnought) 324
Louis of Battenburg, Prince 102, 111
Lowestoft 252
Ludendorff, Major General Erich von 157, 163, 367–8, 461, 473
Battle of Liège 36, 85
Battle of Tannenburg 81
Hindenberg’s Chief of Staff 85, 89
personality 85, 88
and the Schlieffen Plan 85
and German Ninth Army 88
plans frontal attack on Russian lines in Poland 90
confidence in outright victory over Russia 125
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (1915) 158, 159
plans for battle of encirclement 162
Quartermaster General 231
and defence issues 327, 364
on Nivelle 359–60
and the AEF 412–13
in the Spring Offensive 421
opts for Operation Michael 416
closes down Operation Mars 426
launches Operation Blücher 438
and Battle of Amiens 450, 452
partial breakdown 462
resignation 462
Lusitania, sinking of (1915) 121–2, 123
Lutzow 265
Lys area 454
Lys River sector 415
Lys Valley sector 428
M
McCormack, Captain 456
Mackensen, General August von 89, 160, 161, 163, 164, 188, 247, 248, 473
MacMunn, Major General George 288–9
Magdeburg 114
Mahan, Alfred: The Influence of Sea Power Upon History: 1660–1783 95
Mahon, Lieutenant General Sir Bryan 178, 188
Mainz 465
Mametz 222
Mangin, General Charles 206, 441
Marcoing, northern France 237
Maricour
t Ridge, Somme 222
Marne, Battle of the (1914) 65–7, 88, 328, 469
Marne, Second Battle of the (1918) 442–6
Marne River 59, 63, 440
Marne Salient 443
Marsh Arabs 271
Marshall, Lieutenant General Sir William 290, 293
Marville, France 48
Marwitz, General Georg von der 374, 416
Masurian Lakes 84, 86
Masurian Lakes, Second Battle of the (1915) 158–9
Mauberge, France 51, 53
Maude, Lieutenant General Sir Stanley 290, 291–2, 293, 400
Maverick, Lieutenant Maury 457–8
Max von Baden, Prince 460, 464
Maxwell, General Sir John 393, 395
May, Bessie 219
May, Captain Charles 218–19
May, Lieutenant Wilfred 434–5
May, Pauline 219
Medina, Saudi Arabia 398
Medjidieh 278
Medway 101, 109
Megiddo, Battle of (1918) 407–9
Mehmed V, Sultan 168, 394
Meinertzhagen, Major Richard 402
Meinke, Lieutenant 350
Meisel, Corporal Frederick 413, 429–30, 431–2, 446
Meliss, Major General Charles 279, 280
Menin 70
Menin Road 75
Menin Road, Battle of (1917) 360–62
Mercer, Wilfred 404
Merville 135, 430
Mesopotamia 268–94, 308, 401, 409, 413, 414
oil fields issue 268–71, 275, 276, 290, 293, 294
Fao Fort captured 269
Basra captured 270
Battle of Shaiba 271
Townshend advances along the Tigris 272–7
Townshend reaches Kut 276
Townshend opposes further advance 276–7
Battle of Ctesiphon 277–8
British retreat 278–9
siege of Kut 279–87
and British defeat 280, 288
battles of Sheikh Sa’ad, Wadi and Hanna 281
Turkish treatment of prisoners 287–8
British reorganisation of transport and supply system 288–90
Battle of the Hai 290–91
Halil Pasha fails to stop advancing British 291
Kut falls 291
Turkish retreat towards Baghdad 291
capture of Baghdad 292
Mosul area occupied after Armistice 293
troop statistics 294
assessment of the campaign 294
and the Sinai Campaign 395, 396
Turks in disarray 461
and Sykes-Picot Agreement 471
see also Indian divisions in Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force (MEF) 290, 293
Messines, Battle of (1917) 347–51, 359, 430
Messines Ridge, Belgium 76, 77, 348, 351, 352, 428, 429, 430
Metz, France 41
Metz-Thionville fortress 38
Meuse Heights 203, 204
Meuse river 35, 37, 51, 198, 199, 200, 202, 456
Meuse-Argon area 455
Méziéres rail junction, France 127, 149
Michael, Grand Duke 298
Middle East: British and French colonial gains 472
Mihiel Salient 454
Miller, Captain Charles 419
Millerand, Alexandre 148