Sophronius and the caliph: see Phil Booth, Crisis of Empire. Doctrine and Dissent at the End of Late Antiquity (Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, 2011), pp. 234–5.
‘Thrice-blessed rock’: Alan Cameron, Classical Quarterly 33 (1983), pp. 284–92 (translation and commentary).
Epilogue
Earliest English dictionary: for traces of Virgil in the so-called Épinal glossary see Michael Lapidge in Malcolm Godden and others, eds, Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 2007), p. 44.
‘Intellectually, men of the seventeenth century’: Henri Lamonnier, L’art français au temps de Louis XIV (Paris, 1911), p. 226, cited by Jean Cordey, Vaux-le-Vicomte (Paris 1924), pp. 48–9.
Medea, Written in Rage, by Jean-René Lemoine, translated, adapted and directed by Neil Bartlett, starring the performer, dancer and vocalist François Testory, opened in London at The Place on 5 October 2017, which is when I saw it.
FURTHER READING
Many of the renditions into English from ancient writers, unless otherwise stated, are based on the Loeb Classical Library. This is an invaluable and ongoing series of ancient writers in translation, the English and the Greek or Latin set out side by side, which Harvard University Press has been publishing since 1912. It now available digitally as well: http://www.hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?cpk=1031.
The reader who wants to find out more about ancient Greek and Roman individuals, places and themes and so on mentioned in this book might find of use this reference work, which I helped to edit: Simon Hornblower, Esther Eidinow and Antony Spawforth, eds, The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization, 2nd edn (Oxford, 2014). This illustrated volume is the slimmed-down child of a much more comprehensive parent: Simon Hornblower, Esther Eidinow and Antony Spawforth, eds, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edn (Oxford, 2012), which has well over six thousand entries aiming to cover all aspects of the ancient Greek and Roman world, with bibliographies. It can also be consulted for further information about individual ancient authors and editions and English translations of their writings.
In addition, the following is a short and (therefore) highly selective list of suggestions for further reading on particular topics:
Austin, M. M., and P. Vidal-Naquet, Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece: An Introduction (London, 1977)
Beard, M., J. North and S. Price, Religions of Rome (Cambridge, 1995)
Boardman, J., Oxford History of Classical Art (Oxford, 1993)
Briant, P., Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction (Princeton, NJ, 2010)
Cornell, T., The Beginnings of Rome (Abingdon and New York, 1995)
Dickinson, O., The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age (London and New York, 2006)
Garnsey, P., and R. Saller, The Roman Empire, Economy, Society and Culture, 2nd edn (Oakland, CA, 2015)
Goodman, M., The Roman World 44 BC–AD 180, 2nd edn (Abingdon and New York, 2011)
Heather, P., The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (New York, 2006)
Hornblower, S., The Greek World 479 BC–323 BC, 4th edn (Abingdon and New York, 2011)
Howatson, M. C., The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature, 3rd edn (Oxford, 2011)
Lane Fox, R., Pagans and Christians (1986, reissued London, 2006)
Mattingly, D., An Imperial Possession: Britain in the Roman Empire, 54 BC–AD 409 (London, 2006)
Ogden, D., A Companion to Greek Religion (Chichester, 2007)
Osborne, R., Greece in the Making 1200–479 BC, 2nd edn (Abingdon and New York, 2009)
Sabin, P., H. van Wees and M. Whitby, eds, The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare (Cambridge, 2007)
Talbert, R. J. A., Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World (Princeton, NJ, 2000)
INDEX
300, film (i)
Abraham (i)
Abū Bakr, first caliph (i), (ii)
Abu Simbel (i)
Academy see Athens
Achaemenids (i), (ii)
Macedonian intermarriages (i), (ii)
see also Artaxerxes II; Cambyses; Cyrus the Great; Darius I; Darius II; Darius III; Xerxes I
Achilles, Greek hero (i), (ii)
Acilius Glabrio, Manius, Roman consul (191 BC) (i), (ii), (iii)
Acilius Glabrio Sibidius, Roman senator (i)
his great-grandsons (i)
Acragas, modern Agrigento (i), (ii)
Acropolis see Athens
Actium, battle of (31 BC) (i)
actors (i), (ii)
Nero as (i)
see also drama
Acts of the Apostles (i)
adoption (i), (ii)
Adam, and Eve (i)
Adrianople, modern Edirne (i)
adultery (i), (ii)
Aegates islands, modern Egadi islands (i)
Aelia Capitolina see Jerusalem
Aeneas of Troy (i), (ii), (iii)
Aeneid see Virgil
Aeschylus, Athenian playwright (i), (ii), (iii)
Aetolia, Aetolians (i)
Afghanistan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Africa, North (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) see also Carthage; Cyrene; Gaeseric; Libya; Septimius Severus; Vandals
Agamemnon, mythical Greek king (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Agamemnon, play by Aeschylus (i)
Agesilaus II, Spartan king (i)
Agricola, Roman governor of Britain (AD 77–84) (i)
agriculture (i), (ii)
Aristotle on (i)
Carthaginian manual on (i), (ii)
Law of Hieron (i)
Sparta disrupts Athenian (i), (ii)
see also animal husbandry; bull-leaping; farmers; landowners; olive; trade
Ai-Khanoum (i), (ii), (iii)
Aidone, Sicilian town (i)
Ajax (i)
Alba Fucens (i)
Alaric (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Alcibiades (i)
Alexander III of Macedon (‘the Great’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)
deification and (i), (ii), (iii)
economy and (i), (ii)
Greek civilisation and (i)
Persian customs and (i)
Pompey and (i), (ii)
see also hairstyles
Alexander Severus, Roman emperor (i)
Alexandria, Egypt (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
alliance, ally (i)
Hieron II and Rome (i)
Italians and Rome (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Macedonians and Greeks (i)
Spartans and Peloponnesians (i), (ii)
see also Athens, naval alliance
Al-Mina (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
alphabet
Etruscan (i)
Greek (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Phoenician (i), (ii)
Alps (i), (ii)
altars (i), (ii)
Pergamum (i)
Alyattes, Lydian king (i)
Amazons (i)
Amphidamas of Chalcis (i)
Ammianus Marcellinus, historian (i)
amphora
Carthaginian (i)
see storage jar; trade
Anaximander, Greek philosopher (i), (ii)
Andros, island (i)
ancestor worship (i)
animal husbandry see cattle; sheep and goats
animals see bears; camels; hippopotamus; horses; lions; sacrifice, animal
Ankara, ancient Ancyra (i)
Antigonids, Macedonian dynasty (i), (ii) see also Perseus; Philip V
Antigonus I, Macedonian king (i)
Antikythera, Roman shipwreck (i)
mechanism (i)
Antinous (i), (ii)
Antiocheia, Antioch, modern Antakya (i), (ii)
Antiochus I, Seleucid king (i)
Antiochus III, Seleucid king (i), (ii)
Antonius, Marcus, Mark Antony (i)
Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare play (i)
>
Apollo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Apollonius, Ptolemaic finance minister (i)
Apology, Plato (i)
Apries, Egyptian pharaoh (i)
aqueducts see water supply
Aquileia (i)
Arabia, Arabs
Alexander III of Macedon and (i)
ancient (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
modern (i)
Arabic language (i), (ii)
Aramaic (i)
‘Archaic smile’ (i)
architects, Greek (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
archery (i), (ii), (iii)
Archimedes, Greek inventor (i), (ii)
archons, Athenian (i)
aristocracy, aristocrats
Athenian (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Greek (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
French (i)
Homeric (i)
Persian (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
see also dress; nobiles
Aristophanes, Athenian comic playwright (i), (ii), (iii)
Aristotle (i), (ii), (iii)
barbarians and (i)
drama and (i)
Sparta and (i), (ii)
armies, Arab (i)
armies, Macedonian (i), (ii)
armies, Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘king makers’ (i), (ii)
late Roman (i), (ii), (iii)
protectors of civilization (i)
see also armour; artillery; cavalry; discipline; infantry; militarism; military recruitment; Romans; shields; war; weaponry
armillary sphere (i)
armour
Greek (i)
late Roman (i), (ii)
Macedonian (i)
Persian (i)
see also shields
Arpinum, modern Arpino (i), (ii)
Arsinoe, Egyptian petitioner (i)
Arsinoe II, Ptolemaic queen (i)
art market, Roman (i)
Artaxerxes II, Persian king (i), (ii)
Artemis, Greek goddess (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Artemisium (i)
Arthur, King (i)
artillery, Greek (i)
Asclepius, Greek healing god (i)
Ascra, Boeotian village (i)
Asia see Alexander III of Macedon; Attici; Babylon; barbarian; Mesopotamia; orientalism; Parthian Empire; Persia; Pompeius; Sasanian Persians; Seleucid dynasty
Asidates, Persian landowner (i)
Aspasia (i)
assemblies
Athenian (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Homeric (i)
Lycian (i)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii)
astrologers, astrology (i), (ii)
astronomical instruments (i) see also Antikythera, mechanism
astronomy (i), (ii), (iii)
Aswan (i)
Athena, Athana, Greek goddess (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Athens, Athenians (i), (ii)
Academy (i)
Acropolis (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
agora (i), (ii)
Apollo as ancestor (i)
cultural achievements (i)
cultural prestige (i)
democracy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Hadrian and (i)
Heruli and (i)
Lysicrates Monument (i)
Macedon and (i)
naval alliance against Persia (i), (ii), (iii)
Parthenon (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Persian Wars and (i)
Pnyx (i), (ii)
Roman attitudes to (i), (ii), (iii)
Roman provincial town (i)
Stoa (i)
Theatre of Dionysus (i), (ii), (iii)
Tholos (i), (ii)
women (i)
see also Attalus II, Stoa of; Attici; Demosthenes; Epigraphical Museum; Goulandris Museum; law courts; Athenian; National Archaeological Museum; Pericles; Piraeus; potters
athletes, athletic contests, Greek (i), (ii), (iii)
Alexander III of Macedon and (i)
Rome and (i)
see also Olympia
Attalidae, Attalids (i)
Attalus I, Pergamene king (i)
Attalus II, Stoa of (i)
Attici, ‘Attics’, group of Roman orators (i), (ii)
Attila, Hunnic leader (i), (ii), (iii)
auctoritas (i)
audiences, rulers’ (i), (ii)
Augustine, churchman (i)
Augustulus see Romulus
Augustus, first Roman emperor (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
title (i)
see also Livia Drusilla; Octavian; Virgil; worship of rulers
Aurelian, Roman emperor (i)
Axiothea (i)
Babylon, Babylonians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Bactria (i)
Baghdad (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Balkh, Afghanistan (i)
Baltimore, USA (i)
barbarian, barbarians
Aristotle and (i)
Germanic peoples as (i)
Greek ideas of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Macedonians as (i)
modern ideas (i)
Pergamum and (i)
Roman ideas of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
see also civilization; migrants, migration
barter (i)
bathing, bath houses, Roman (i), (ii)
sanitation and (i)
bathrooms, Greek (i)
beards (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also hairstyles
bears (i)
Beijing Spring (i)
‘belief’ (i), (ii)
Ben Hur, film (i)
benefaction, benefactors, benefactresses (i)
Benghazi (i)
Berlin (i)
Altes Museum (i), (ii), (iii)
Bethar (i)
Betjeman, John and Penelope (i)
Bible (i), (ii), (iii) see also Acts of the Apostles; Gospels; New Testament
Bibulus see Calpurnius Bibulus, Marcus
bibliography, ancient (i)
bilingualism (i)
biography, ancient (i) see also Alexander III of Macedon; Caesar, Julius; Augustus
bisexuality (i)
bishops see Augustine, churchman; Eusebius, Christian writer; Sophronius
Black Sea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Boeotia, region of central Greece, Boeotians (i), (ii) see also Ascra; Chaeronea; Thebes, central Greece; Thespiae
Bon, Cape, Tunisia (i), (ii)
books and booksellers, ancient (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also libraries; papyrus
booty (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Alaric and (i)
Carausius and (i)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii)
see also empire; war
Bordeaux (i)
Bosporus (i)
botany, Greek (i)
Boudicca (i)
‘bread and circuses’ (i)
bribery (i), (ii), (iii) see also corruption
Britain, Roman Britannia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Britanni (i)
British Museum (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)
British School at Athens (i)
‘Brittunculi’, insulting Roman diminutive (i)
bronze, bronze-making (i), (ii)
Corinthian (i)
inscriptions (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bronze Age (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Brutus see Junius Brutus, Marcus
Bulgaria (i), (ii), (iii)
bull-leaping (i)
Burgundi, Germanic people (i)
businessmen (i), (ii)
Butheric, Roman general (i)
Byzantium (i), (ii)
Cadiz, ancient Gadir (i), (ii)
Caecilii Metelli, Roman
noble family (i), (ii)
Caere, modern Cerveteri (i)
Caesar, Julius (i), (ii), (iii)
ancestry (i)
author (i)
portrait (i)
Caesar, title (i)
Caligula, the Roman emperor Gaius (i), (ii)
caliph, caliphate, Muslim (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also Abū Bakr, caliph; Ma’mūn, caliph
Callimachus, Alexandrian scholar (i)
Calpurnii Pisones, Roman noble family (i)
Calpurnius Bibulus, Marcus, Roman consul (59 BC) (i), (ii)
Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, Lucius, Caesar’s father-in-law (i)
Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus, Lucius, imperial claimant (i), (ii) see also Verania
Cambyses, Persian king (i)
camels (i)
Canaanites (i), (ii)
cannibalism, ancient allegations of (i), (ii)
Carausius, Roman imperial usurper (i), (ii)
coinage and (i)
Caria, Carians (i), (ii)
Carthage, Carthaginians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Aeneid and (i)
Hieron II and (i)
Roman colony (i)
Roman wars with (i), (ii)
see also Punic Wars
Caryae (i)
Caryatids (i)
Cassius Dio, Roman historian (i), (ii)
Castelvetrano, Sicily (i), (ii)
castration, of homosexuals (i) see also eunuchs
Catania, Sicily (i)
catapults (i)
Cato the Elder, Roman statesman (i)
cattle (i), (ii) see also animals; Rome (ancient city), cattle market; sheep and goats
Caudine Forks (i)
cauldrons (i), (ii)
cavalry
British (i)
Macedonian (i), (ii)
Persian (i)
Roman (i)
see also horse-breeding
Cecrops, mythical king of Athens (i), (ii)
centaur (i)
Celtic (i)
Celts (i) see also Gauls
censor, Roman magistracy (i)
Ceos, modern Kea, Aegean island (i)
Chaeronea (i), (ii)
battle of (338 BC) (i), (ii), (iii)
battle of (81 BC) (i)
Chalcis, Euboea, modern Chalkida (i)
Champagne (i)
chariots, chariot-racing, charioteers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Chicago (i)
Chichester, Roman Noviomagus (i)
children (i), (ii)
Delphi maxims and (i)
enslavement (i)
Plato’s utopia and (i)
sacrifice of (i)
Spartan (i)
see also Medea
China (i) see also Beijing Spring; Mao
Chios, Greek island (i)
wine (i)
Christ, relics of (i), (ii), (iii) see also crucifixion; Jesus
Christianity, Christians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)
The Story of Greece and Rome Page 44
