Monsters in America
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Barry, Marion, 183
Bateman, Patrick, 161, 163
Bates, Norman, 139, 142, 145, 161, 163, 165
Bauby, Dominique, 223
Bauhaus, 219
Beal, Timothy, 6
Beat movement, 123
beauty, 224
Beecher, Henry Ward, 78
Behemoth, 6
Bella, 212
Bellin, Joshua, 172
Benga, Ota, 94–95, 97–98
Bennell, Miles, 119
Bennett, William, 155
Benz, Julie, 163
Berkowitz, David, 141
Bethurum, Truman, 125–26
Bierce, Ambrose, 73
“Big Bone Lick,” 44–45
Big Foot, 12, 132–35
birth control, 128, 148–49, 170, 175
birth defects, 2
Bivins, Jason, 186
Bizarre, 136
Bizarro, 199
Black Frankenstein, 49
black magic, 41
Blair, Linda, 167–68, 186
“Bleeding Kansas,” 67
Bluff Creek, 134
Boone, Carol Anne, 161
Boone, Daniel, 20, 36, 45
Boston Daily Observer, 18
Boston Linnean Society, 61
Boxoffice, 114
Boy Scouts of America, 179
Boyer, Paul, 115
Boyle, Danny, 217
Boyle, Robert, 10
Bradford, William, 24
Brady, Matthew, 71–72
brain size, as indication of inferiority, 93, 95
Bramford building, 175
Brattle, Thomas, 40
Brienes, Weini, 138
Brooklyn, 97
Brooks, Max
Brown v. Board of Education, 133
Brown, Goodman, 75
Browning, Tod, 91–92, 76, 102, 138
Bryant, Anita, 206
Buddhism, 130
“Buffalo Bill,” 154–55
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, 89
Buffon, 43
Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 193, 208–10
Bundchen, Gisele, 98–99
Bundy, Ted, 150–52
Bunyan, John, 39
Bunyan, Paul, 36
burial sites, desecrated for medical research, 106
Burke, Peter, 29
Burkner, H. Taylor, 130
Burstyn, Ellen, 167
Bush, George H. W., 190–91
Bush, George W., 217, 221–22
“Call of Cthluhu,” 60, 97
Cameron, James, 225
Camp Clifton, 180
Camp Crystal Lake, 165, 181
camp fire stories, 180–82
Camp Ranger, 180
Camp Robert Meecher, 180
Canaan, 39
cannibalism, 31–32, 88, 94, 100, 154, 156, 184–85, 194, 217 African fear of whites and, 47–48
Captain America, 117
captivity narratives, 31–32, 36
Caputo, Phillip, 197
Carlson, Allan, 172
carnival exhibits, 64, 80, 94 see also freak shows
Carpenter, John, 158–60, 180
Carrie, 170
Carrington, Dr., 122–23
Carroll, Charles, 85
cartoons, 137–38
Cascio, Jamais, 222–23
Chang and Eng, 88
Civil Rights era, 132, 148, 156, 159, 184
Clark, Jerome, 123
Claverack, New York, 44
Clemens, Valdine, 56
Clover, Carol, 159
“Code,” 163
Cohen, Jeffrey J., 7
Colavito, Jason, 131
Cold War, 108, 111–16, 118–20, 190–91
Comics Code Authority, 146–47
comics, 177, 136, 144–46, 189 see also DC Comics; EC Comics; Marvel Comics
commercial revolution, 56–57
communism, fear of, 108, 112–16, 119–21 religion as weapon against, 128–32
Compromise of 1850, 67
Compton, Bill, 214
Comstock, Anthony, 77–78
conspiracy theories, in Cold War America, 122–24 in late twentieth century, 182–85
containment, in culture and politics, 114
Coppola, Francis Ford, 190
Cotten, Sallie Southall, 34–36
Cousins, Norman, 115
Cowan, Douglas E., 17, 130
Crane, Ichabod, 56–57
Crane, Jonathan Lake, 18, 87
Crane, Marion, 141–42, 145
Crane, Stephen, 70
craniometry, 93
Craven, Wes, 27, 158, 159–60, 219, 228
Crew, Jerry, 132
Cronenberg, David, 172–73
Cropsey, 182
Crypt of Terror, 146
cryptids, 132–35
“Cthulhu mythos,” 97, 226
Cuban missile crisis, 190
Cullen, Edward, 212–13
Cumberland Gap, 45
Curtis, Jamie Lee, 158–59
Cynocephalus, 8
“Dagon,” 60
Dahmer, Jeffrey, 151, 153–54
Dakota building, 175
Daniken, Erich von, 130–31
Dante, Joe, 187, 216
Dare, Virginia, 34–37
Daughters of Darkness, The Hunger, 206
DC Comics, 144
De Palma, Brian, 170
Dean, James, 127, 143
death penalty, 155, 161
“Deer Woman,” 33–36
Delbanco, Andrew, 65
Demme, Jonathan, 153–54
Denhem, Carl, 100
Depue, Roger, 150
“Devil Worshippers,” 185
Devil, Africans and, 30, 49 in American place names, 7 fear of in 1980s, 182–85 in film, 167–69, 175–76 Pope as, 29 witches as accomplices to, 37–41 women as, 77–78 see also Satan
Dexter, 163–65
Diary of the Dead, 216
Diderot, 29
“Doctrine of Monsters,” 44
Douglass, Frederick, 51
Dracula, 5, 7, 202, 225
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 105, 118
Dulles, John Foster, 121
EC Comics, 136, 144–47
Ellis, Bill, 179
Ellis, Bret Easton, 161
Ellison, Ralph, 81
Elm Street, 165
Elvira, 136
Embargo of 1807, 20
Enlightenment era, 9–10, 29–30, 55, 82 belief in supernatural during, 10, 220
Eno River, “Deer Woman” sightings, 35
entertainment, witch trials as in New England, 39–40
entrepreneurship, 160–61
Environmental Protection Agency, 117
environmentalism, 201
Equiono, Oloudah, 47
ethnology, 48
Exorcist, 167–69, 186
Facebook, 213
“Fall of the House of Usher,” 76–77
Falwell, Jerry, 152, 183, 185, 207
Famous Monsters of Filmland, 187, 190
Fangoria, 14, 190
Father Knows Best, 113
Faust, 175
feminism, 77, 89–90, 101, 148, 152, 161, 170–72, 180–81, 184, 189, 197, 208–9
Ferguson, Homer, 128–29
Filson, John, 45, 56
“final girl” theme, 159, 174, 181, 219
Fincher, David, 174
Finkbine, Sherri, 116–17
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 1–2, 12, 24, 89, 91
Fort, Charles, 133–34
“Forteanism,” 133
fossils, 23–24, 44 debate over origin of, 11–12 of sea serpents, 61, 63
Foster, Jodi, 154
Fox, Michael J., 160
France, witchcraft trials, 8
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated, 72
Frankenstein (film, 1910), 84
Frankenstein (film, 1931), 81–82, 86–87, 175, 187, 189, 195, 227 racial imagery in, 92–93, 100–101 science and sexuality in, 105, 195
/> Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man, 107
Frankenstein (book and character), 49, 59–60, 122, 175, 220 commentary on Industrial Revolution, 59 slavery parallels, 60
freak shows, 15, 80, 84, 88–91, 94 decline of, 113–14
Freaks, 2–3, 13, 15, 89, 91–92 delayed success as cult classic, 138
Freud, Sigmund, 14–16, 149
Friday the 13th, 160, 181, 184
Friday the 13th, Part 3, 17
Friedan, Betty, 138, 144
Gacy, John Wayne, 16, 150–51, 162
Gaines, Bill, 146–147
gay rights, 148, 206–7
Gein, Ed, 147–48, 151–54, 156
Gekko, Gordon, 160
ghettos, 159, 172
“Ghoulardi,” 187
giants, 90
Giger, H. R., 173
Gilder, George, 172
“Gingerbread,” 210
Gitlin, Todd, 143
Gloucester Harbor, sea serpent sightings, 19, 42, 61, 63
goth, as twentieth-century genre, 55, 136–38, 185, 189–90, 220–21
gothic literature, 55–56, 75–77 monster descriptions, 45
Gothic Revival architecture, 55, 142
Graham, Billy, 113, 129
Halloween, 158–59, 178, 180–81, 220
Hamedani, Kevin, 217
Hamilton, Sara, 120
Hammond, James Henry, 48
Hardesty family, 156
Harker, Mina, 103
Harpers Ferry, 69
Harris, John, 221
Hawks, Howard, 111–12
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 75
“Headless Haddy,” 180
Headless Horseman, 68–69 see also Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Hearst, William Randolph, 74
Heart, A. Denison, 35
Hefner, Hugh, 127
Hell Houses, 185–86
Henrikson, Margot, 115, 120–21
Heuvelmans, Bernard, 133–34
Hill, Luke and Elizabeth, 41
Hilton sisters, 2–3, 89
Hiroshima, 115, 123
Hiroshima Maidens, 115
history,conceptualization of American, 22–24, 228
Hitchcock, Alfred, 139, 141–43, 156
Hollywood Reporter, 120
Holmes, H. H., 74
Holmesburg prison, 106, 220
Holt, Sam, 86
“Homecoming,” 216–17
homicide, rise in post-war statistics, 149–50
Honda, Ishiro, 115
“Hook Man,” 179, 182, 190
Hooker Chemical Co., 117
Hooper, Dennis, 158
Hooper, Tobe, 76, 156–57, 160
Hoover, J. Edgar, 120
Hopkins, Anthony, 27
“Hopkinsville Goblins,” 123
Hornaday, William, 95–96
“Horror at Red Hook,” 97–98
housing, 148
How to Survive an Atom Bomb, 115
Hyde, Michael J., 222
IKEA, 163
immigrant hate groups, 37
immigrants, fear of, 54, 90, 97–98, 101–2
immortality, 196
In the Wake of Sea Serpents, 134
incest, 17, 77
“Incognitum,” 44
Incredible Hulk, 118
Industrial Revolution, in horror genre, 59
Ingebretsen, Edward, 39
Inherit the Wind, 95
“Intelligent Design” movement, 134
“Jack the Ripper,” 73, 149
Jackson, Andrew, 21
Jackson, Peter, 100
James, LeBron, 98–99
Jameson, Frederic, 124
Jamestown, New York, 37, 184
Japan, bombing of, 108, 115
Jeanie “the half woman,” 90
Jefferson, Thomas, 9–10, 12, 20, 44–46
Jenkins, Henry, 190
Jesuits, 168
Jews, as Other, 90, 97 theological concepts, 222
Jim Crow, 79, 108, 112, 148
John Brown’s Raid, 69
Johnson, William, 94–95
Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy, 88
Jones, Margaret, 38–39
Karloff, Boris, 82, 86, 193, 195
Karras, Father Damien, 168
Kearney, Richard, 21
Keel, John, 126
Kennan, George, 114
Kennedy, John F., 148
Kennedy, Robert, 148
Kentucky, 123–24 monster lore in, 44–45
Kepler, 8
kidnapping, 182
King Kong, 98, 122
King Kong (1933), 30, 98–100
King, Stephen, 77, 167–68, 170, 202–3
Kinsey, Alfred, 126
Kirby, Jack, 117–18
Kligman, Albert, 106
Knight, Peter, 124
Knoppers, Laura Lunger, 29
Kodak, 187
Korean war, 147
Kraft, Randy, 154
krakens, 64
Kristeva, Julia, 15–16
Kroker, Arthur and Marlouise, 206
Krueger, Freddie, 141, 160, 219
Ku Klux Klan, 90, 98
Kurtzman, Harvey, 146
labor strikes, 74
Laderman, Gary, 71
Ladies Home Journal, 150
LaHaye, Tim, 152, 183
Lanchester, Elsa, 13
Land of the Dead, 200, 216
Landes, Joan B., 29
Landis, John, 33
Langenkamp, Heather, 219
Le Jau, Francis, 41
Leatherface, 156–57, 165
Leatherstocking, 157
Leave it to Beaver, 113
Lecter, Hannibal, 154–55
Lee, Christopher, 195
Lee, Stan, 117
Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 56–57 economic critiques in, 57 Crane as monster, 57
Legion of Decency, 176
Leigh, Janet, 141–42, 158
Lestat, 195–96
Leviathan, 6 as sea serpent, 63
Life, 121, 136, 150, 198
Lincoln, Abraham, 69
Lindsey, Hal, 201
Linnaeus, Carl, 10–11
literature, criticism of as immoral, 77–78
“Living Room War,” 198
Locke, John, 9
London Observer, 173
“Lone Ranger,” 158
Los Angeles, 136, 184, 191
Loupe garou; see werewolves
Love, William T., 117
Love Canal tragedy, 117
Lovecraft, H. P., 29, 60, 67, 96–97, 226 aliens in writings of, 131 conceptions of racial difference, 97–98 fear of immigrants, 97–98
“Lovecraft in Brooklyn,” 111
Lucas, Henry Lee, 151, 162
Lugosi, Bela, 15, 102, 105, 108, 121, 151, 187, 189, 195, 219
lynching, 30, 54, 79, 83–86, 146
Malcolm X, 160
Mangum, O. R., 35
Manhattan Project, 112
Manson, Charles, 158
Marcus, Greil, 228
Marietta, 59
Marquette and Jolliet, 43
Marvel Comics, 117, 147
Maryland School of Medicine, 106
mass murder, 73–74
Mather, Cotton, 11, 24–25, 29 descriptions of monsters, 42, 44–45 role in witchcraft trials, 38–40
Mather, Increase, 25
Matheson, Richard, 202
Matrix, 222–23
Mattel, 188
Mayer, Louis B., 2–3
McDougal, Dennis, 154
McMartin Preschool, 184
McNeil family, 167–68
Mears, Ben, 202
medical experimentation, 105–7, 115–16, 121, 145
Medicine, 85
Medieval era; monsters in, 7–8, 28, 222
Melville, Herman, 60, 63, 65–67
Men and Marriage, 172
MGM Studios, 2, 91–92
Michaud, Stephen G., 151
midgets, 88, 138 see also Freaks
military conflict, Europeans in Islamic world, 32
military, in Cold War films, 122
Millenarianism, 210
“Minister’s Black Veil,” 75
minstrel shows, 85
Moby-Dick, 63, 65–67 critique of American society and expansionism in, 65–67 quote from, 1
Moffit, Jack, 120
Monangahela, 62
monotheism, 5–6, 210
monster hunters, 133–35, 210 as monsters, 202
“monster kids,” 186–90, 202–3
Moody, Dwight L., 73
Moral Majority, 183
moral panic, 1980s, 182–86, 210
Moran, Jeffrey P., 96
Morgan, Dexter, 163–64
Morgan, Harry, 163–64
“Morgus the Magnificent,” 187
motherhood, 178, 213 as monstrous, 170–76 see also family structure
Mullins, Aimee, 223–24
murder, 162, 165
Murders in the Rue Morgue, 105, 190
Murdoch, Rupert, 162
music, 55, 64
mutilation, 72
My Lai massacre, 198
Myers, Michael, 158, 59, 165
Mystic River, 24–25
NAACP, 133
Nagasaki, 115
Nat Turner Rebellion, 49, 60, 68
National Organization for Women, 148, 161
National Police Gazette, 73, 78
National PTA, 102–3, 143
national security state, 114–15, 118, 123, 125
Native Americans, 21 as monsters, 30–31 colonial white belief in allegiances with Satan, 39 depiction as “savages,” 28–29, 36, 43, 74 in folklore, 33–36, 44–45 murder of in New England, 24–25 reference to in Moby-Dick
nativism, 101–2
Natural Born Killers, 162
Natural History, 29
natural history and monsters, 10–12, 61–62
Neville, Robert, 202
New Bedford, 66
Night of the Living Dead, 193–94, 199–200, 216
Night Stalker, 16
Nightmare on Elm Street, 141, 160
Nixon, Richard, 143, 148, 158, 200
Noah, 44
“noodling,” 42–43, 45
nostalgia, in nineteenth century, 56
Nostromo, 173
Notes on the State of Virginia, 44, 46
Nott, Josiah, 48, 83
Nurmi, Maila, 136
Nuzum, Eric, 208
occult, fear of in 1980s, 182–85 see also Satan
orientalism, 89
“Orphan, The,” 145
Ortiz, Tomas, 31
Osterman, Albert, 132
Ostow, Michael, 208
Other, monsters as and societal interpretations, 13, 88–90, 185 Native Americans as, 22, 29 Ottoman Turks as, 29
Paine, Thomas, 9
Palencia-Roth, Michael, 28
Pare, Ambroise, 9
pill, the, 171, 175–76 see also birth control
Pinkerton, A. F., 73
Pinkerton, Jim, 100
“Pip and Flip: Twins from the Yucatan,” 89
Poe, Edgar Allan, 60, 67, 81 critique of society in writings of, 75–76 incest in writings of, 77 influence in film, 77, 105
Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, 221–22