Eureka: The Unfinished Revolution
Page 67
6. La Trobe to Newcastle, 12 September 1853, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Discovery of Gold in Australia’, February 1854, p. 160.
7. The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 July 1853, p. 6.
8. Author’s note: Despite this claim, the surviving petition in the State Library of Victoria has no more than 6,000 signatories and La Trobe writes to Newcastle of 5,000. A robbery of the escort at McIvor Diggings had denied the petition that region’s signatures.
9. The 1853 Bendigo Goldfields Petition
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. The 1853 Bendigo Goldfields Petition; The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 July 1853, p. 6.
13. Ibid.
14. The Argus, 19 August, p. 4.
15. Hocking, p. 69.
16. The Argus, 19 August 1853, p. 4.
17. Howitt, p. 284.
18. Ibid., p. 285.
19. Ibid., p. 286.
20. The Argus, 5 August 1853, p. 4.
21. Ibid.
22. The Argus, 10 August 1853, p. 5.
23. La Trobe’s reply to Bendigo Goldfields Petition, 20 August 1853, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Discovery of Gold in Australia’, February 1854, p. 170.
24. Ibid., p. 172.
25. Author’s note: Where that darling of the Australian gold fields, Lola Montez, was to debut in Australia with her famous ‘Spider Dance’ in 1855.
26. The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 August 1853, p. 4.
27. Ibid.
28. Macdougall, p. 177.
29. The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 August 1853, p. 4.
30. The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 August 1853, p. 5.
31. The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 August 1853, p. 4.
32. Anderson, Hugh, ‘Fawkner, John Pascoe (1792-1869)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography.
33. The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 August 1853, p. 4.
34. The Argus, 8 August 1853, p. 4.
35. The Argus, 2 September 1854, p. 4
36. Author’s note: Extraordinarily, despite the major advances made in democracy so soon after Eureka, the property restrictions on the franchise for the Victorian Legislative Council would last until the early 1950s.
37. The Argus, 2 September 1854, p. 4.
38. The Argus, 29 August 1853, p. 5.
39. Carboni, p. 5.
40. Ibid.
41. The Argus, 10 September 1853, p. 6.
42. Bate, p.52.
43. Wright to Colonial Secretary Foster, 28 August 1853; La Trobe despatch to Newcastle, 12 September 1854, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Discovery of Gold in the Australian Colonies’, February 1854, p. 177.
44. La Trobe despatch to Newcastle, 12 September 1854, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Discovery of Gold in the Australian Colonies’, February 1854, p. 165.
45. Wright’s report recommending reduction of license fee, 28 August 1853, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Recent Discovery of Gold in Australia’, February 1854, p. 177.
46. The Argus, 21 September 1853, p. 7.
47. The Argus, 23 November 1853, p. 4.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. The Times, 13 December 1853, p. 6.
51. Serle, p. 155.
52. Roberts, p.89.
53. Ibid.
54. Captain Kay’s evidence, 2 July 1867, ‘Report from the Select Committee upon Mr. J. F. V. Fitzgerald’s Case’, p. 21.
55. Molony, 38; Serle, p. 156.
56. Carboni, pp. 83-84.
57. Withers, p. 143.
58. Withers, p. 84. Author’s note: An alternative spelling, as used by the Public Records Office Victoria, is D’Ewes. But as the man himself signed his name Dewes, I have gone with that.
59. Dewes, p. 64.
60. Bates, p.16.
61. Withers, p. 36.
62. Clacy, p. 113.
63. Author’s note: A third member of this group was Duncan Gillies, who would later go on to be the Premier of Victoria.
64. Carboni, p. 45.
65. Ibid., p. 8.
66. Ibid., p. 8.
67. Ibid., p. 8.
68. Ibid., p. 9.
69. Fauchery, p. 98
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid.
72. Craig, p. 230.
73. Ibid.
74. Clacy, p. 56.
75. Horne, Richard, Australian Facts and Prospects, London, 1859, p. 28.
76. La Trobe to Newcastle, 25 March 1854, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Alterations in the Constitutions of the Australian Colonies’, 31 July and 10 August 1854, George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1854, p. 100.
CHAPTER SEVEN: ENTER HOTHAM
1. Withers, p. 57.
2. The Argus, 24 June 1854, p. 5.
3. Craig, pp. 273-4.
4. The Argus, 24 June 1854, p. 5.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Hotham to the Duke of Newcastle, ‘Duplicate Despatches from the Governor to the Secretary of State’, 26 June 1854, VPRS 1085/P0000/7, Despatch No. 79, pp. 6-7.
9. The Argus, 24 June 1854, p. 5.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Hotham to the Duke of Newcastle, ‘Duplicate Despatches from the Governor to the Secretary of State’, 26 June 1854, VPRS 1085/P0000/7, Despatch No. 79, pp. 8-9,
16. The Argus, 24 June 1854, p. 5.
17. Ibid.
18. Hotham to the Duke of Newcastle, Enclosure No. 1, ‘Duplicate Despatches from the Governor to the Secretary of State’, 26 June 1854, VPRS 1085/P0000/7, Despatch No. 79, pp. 1-2.
19. The Argus, 24 June 1854, p. 5.
20. Thomas Pierson Diary, 25 June 1854, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 208.
21. Dewes, p. 87.
22. Letter from John Manning to the Secretary of the Denominational Schools Board, 17 July 1854, Denominational Schools Board Inward Correspondence, VPRS 61, 54/399.
23. Ibid.
24. ‘Comparative Statement of the Population and Number of Licenses Issued Quarterly from 1st January 1853, with the Amount of Revenue Collected’, Enclosures in No. 16, Gold returns contained in the Lieutenant-Governor’s Despatch, No. 31, 21 July 1854, ‘Further Papers Relative to the Discovery of Gold in the Australian Colonies’, December 1854, p. 175.
25. Charles Wright’s evidence, 18 June 1867, ‘Report from the Select Committee upon Mr. J. F. V. Fitzgerald’s Case’, p. 10.
26. Ibid.
27. The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 March 1854, p. 4.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Author’s note: That son became the prominent Sydney jeweler Charles Augustus FitzRoy Fitzsimons. And, thank you, I’ve checked - no relation!
31. Hirst, pp. 227-228.
32. People’s Advocate, 18 February 1854.
33. Carboni, p. 18.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. William Carroll’s evidence to the Board of Inquiry, No. 27, 7 November 1854, ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbances at Ballarat’, p. 9.
39. Carboni to W. H. Archer, 18 October 1854, Letters to W. H. Archer, NL, MS 26414, p. 18.
40. The Diggers’ Advocate, 19 August 1854, p. 4.
41 The Ballarat Times, 2 September 1854.
42. The Argus, 17 August 1854, p. 4.
43. Kelly, p. 71.
44. Kelly, p. 71.
45. Carboni, p. 16.
46. Molony, p. 47.
47. The Ballarat Times, 2 September 1854.
48. Sutherland, Victoria and its Metropolis, p. 360.
49. The Ballarat Times, 2 September 1854.
50. Bate, Lucky City, p.55.
51. Dewes, p. 87.
52. Hotham to Grey, ‘Reporting Official Visit to the Goldfields of Victoria’, 18 September 1854, Dispatch No. 112, VPRS 108
5/P, Unit 8.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. John Foster’s (Fitzgerald) evidence, 13 June 1867, ‘Report from the Select Committee upon Mr. J. F. V. Fitzgerald’s Case’, p. 21.
60. Captain Kay’s evidence, 13 June 1867, ‘Report from the Select Committee upon Mr. J. F. V. Fitzgerald’s Case’, p. 21.
61. Ibid.
62. John Foster’s (Fitzgerald) evidence, 13 June 1867, ‘Report from the Select Committee upon Mr. J. F. V. Fitzgerald’s Case’, p. 3
63. Ibid., p. 2.
64. Mrs James Grant to Hotham, 27 September 1854, VPRS 4066, No. 4, Box 1.
65. Ibid.
66. The Argus, 21 September 1854, p. 3.
67. Ibid.
68. The Argus, 22 September 1854, p 3.
60. Geelong Advertiser, 23 September 1854, p. 4.
70. Ibid.
71. The Ballarat Times, 30 September 1854.
72. Carboni, p. 17.
73. Thomas Pierson diary, 10 October 1854, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4, pp. 232-233.
74. Additional deposition taken from Michael Welsh, 22 October 1854, for the inquest investigating the murder of James Scobie, VPRS 5527/P Unit 1, Item 2.
75. The Argus, 20 November 1854, p. 6.
76. MacFarlane, p 41.
77. The Argus, 20 November 1854, p. 6.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Author’s note: Though there is no record of Dr Carr doing these things, it is consistent with what a doctor would do at this time with a person for whom the best hope is that they are on the point of death - and not actually dead.
81. Molony, Eureka, p. 51.
82. Deposition of James Bentley, Inquest into James Scobie’s murder, 7 October 1854, VPRS 5527/P0, Unit 1, Item 1.
83. Deposition of Thomas Mooney, Inquest into James Scobie’s murder, 7 October 1854, VPRS 5527/P, Unit 1, Item 1.
84. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
85. Deposition of Barnard Welch, Inquest into James Scobie’s murder, 7 October 1854, VPRS 5527/P0, Unit 1, Item 1.
86. Ibid.
87. Peter Lalor’s evidence to the Board of Inquiry, No. 19, 4 November 1854, ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbances at Ballarat’, p. 6.
88. Statement of the jury following the inquest into James Scobie’s murder, 7 October 1854, VPRS 5527/P0, Unit 1, Item 1.
89. Peter Lalor’s evidence to the Board of Inquiry, No. 19, 4 November 1854, ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbances at Ballarat’, p. 6.
90. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
91. Chief Commissioner [Wright] to Resident Commissioner [Rede], 9 October 1854, SLV, MS 11490, Box 59/2, Letter 3.
92. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
93. Ibid.
94. Ibid.
95. Ibid.
96. Carboni, p. 28.
97. Author’s note: Also variously spelt in the original documents as Johnson and Johnston.
98. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
99. Carboni, p. 28.
100. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
101. Peter Martin deposition, brief for the prosecution in the trial of James and Catherine Bentley, W. Stance and John (or Thomas) Farrell and others, VPRS 5527/P Unit 1, Item 5.
102. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
103. Ibid.
104. Howitt, p. 421.
105. Geelong Advertiser, 10 October 1854, p. 5.
106. Geelong Advertiser, 11 October 1854, p. 4.
CHAPTER EIGHT: FIRE’S BURNING, FIRE’S BURNING, DRAW NEARER
1. The Ballarat Times, 28 October 1854.
2. Carboni, p. 4.
3. Withers, p. 73.
4. Thomas Pierson diary, 16 October 1854, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 233.
5. The Ballarat Times, 14 October 1854.
6. James Bentley letter to Dewes, 16 October 1854, VPRS, 1189/P Unit 92, H54/11605.
7. Robert Rede’s evidence, 10 January 1855, ‘Report of the Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Condition of the Goldfields of Victoria’, p. 306.
8. Ibid.
9. Thomas Pierson Diary, Monday, 16 October 1854, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 234.
10. Carboni letter to W. H. Archer, 18 October 1854, NLA, MS 264/14, p. 80.
11. The Ballarat Times, 21 October 1854.
12. Ibid.
13. Carboni, p. 20.
14. The Ballarat Times, 21 October 1854.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.; The Argus, 23 October 1854, p. 5.
17. The Ballarat Times, 21 October 1854.
18. ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbance at Ballarat’, p. 5.
19. The Argus, 23 October 1854, p. 5.
20. MacFarlane, p. 50.
21. Carboni, p. 21.
22. Samuel Lazarus Diary, September 24 1853 - 21 January 1855, Wednesday, 25 October 1854, SLV, MS Box1777/4, p. 95.
23. Ximenes’s evidence, 3 November 1854, ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbance at Ballarat’, p. 2.
24. The Argus, 23 October 1854, p. 5.
25. Thomas Pierson diary, Tuesday, 17 October 1854, SLV MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 235.
26. Thomas Pierson diary, Sunday, 5 November 1854, SLV MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 237.
27. McIntyre letter to his brother, 29 March 1855, SLV MS 8077, Box 956/2, p. 3. Author’s note: This quote is not word for word, but it can be construed from McIntyre’s letter to his brother, where he writes, ‘The Commissioners were up in one of the broken windows trying to pacify the people telling them they had been diggers themselves, and they would see justice done to the diggers …’
28. MacFarlane, p. 52.
29. McIntyre letter to his brother, 29 March 1855, SLV MS 8077, Box 956/2, p. 3.
30. Carboni, p. 22.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Thomas Conboy deposition, 27 October 1854, ‘Depositions Taken Against Albert Hurd for Rioting at Bentley’s Hotel’, VPRS 5527/P Unit 1, Item 7.
35. Thomas Wood deposition, 27 October 1854, ‘Depositions Taken Against Albert Hurd for Rioting at Bentley’s Hotel’, VPRS 5527/P Unit 1, Item 7.
36. The Ballarat Times, 21 October 1854.
37. The Argus, 25 October 1854, p. 5.
38. Ibid.
39. Bate, p. 60.
40. The Argus, 25 October 1854, p. 5.
41. Samuel Huyghue diary, The Ballarat Riots 1854, SLV, MS 7725, Box 646/9, pp. 5-6.
42. Ibid., p. 6.
43. Dewes, p. 64.
44. Ibid., p. 96.
45. Carboni, p. 23.
46. Ibid.
47. Hotham to George Grey, ‘Reporting the Burning of the Eureka Hotel on the Ballaarat Gold Field’, Duplicate despatches from the Governor to the Secretary of State, VPRS 1085/P0, Duplicate despatch No. 148, Unit 8.
48. The Argus, 21 November 1854, p. 5.
49. Samuel Lazarus diary, 24 September 1853-21 January 1855, Wednesday, 25 October 1854, SLV, MS Box 1777/4, p. 98.
50. Acting Chief Police Commissioner MacMahon report to Foster, 22 October 1854, VPRS 1189/P Unit 92, K54/11823.
51. Ibid.
52. The Ballarat Times, 28 October 1854.
53. Thomas Pierson diary, Sunday, 22 October 1854, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 236.
54. McIntyre letter to his brother, 29 March 1855, SLV, MS 8077, Box 956/2, p. 5.
55. Ibid, p. 6.
56. Hotham note on ‘The Resident Commissioner Ballarat Report to the Chief Commissioner of the Goldfields’, Melbourne, 20 October 1854. Collected papers regarding treatment of Smyth’s servant, VPRS 1189/P Unit 92, J54/12201.
57. Rede report to Wright, ‘The Resident Commissioner of Ballarat to Chief Commissioner of th
e Goldfields’, Melbourne, 26 October 1854, VPRS 1189/P Unit 92, J54/12201.
58. The Ballarat Times, 21 October 1854.
59. Carboni, pp. 30-31.
60. Ibid., p. 46.
61. McFarlane, p. 56.
62. Ballarat Miners’ Petition addressed to Lieutenant Sir Governor Charles Hotham, 23 October 1854, VPRS 5527, Eureka Stockade - Historical Collection P0, Unit 1.
63. Withers, p. 138.
64. Carboni, p. 29.
65. The Ballarat Times, 28 October 1854.
66. The Ballarat Times, 28 October 1854.
67. Bate, p. 44.
68. The Argus, 27 October 1854, p. 6.
69. Lynch, p. 11.
70. The Argus, 27 October 1854, p. 6.
71. The Ballarat Times, 28 October 1854.
72. Ibid.
73. Resident Goldfields Commissioner Robert Rede to Colonial Secretary Foster, 22 October 1854, VPRS 1189/P Unit 92, K54/11826.
74. MacFarlane, p. 11.
75. The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser, 4 November 1854, p. 4.
76. Ibid.
77. Lynch, p. 10.
78. Molony, p. 106.
79. Captain Thomas’s Plan of Defense for the Government Camp, Ballarat.
80. The Ballarat Times, 28 October 1854.
81. The Sydney Morning Herald, 7 November 1854, p. 4.
82. Bate, p. 63.
83. The Sydney Morning Herald, 7 November 1854, p. 4.
84. Thomas Pierson diary, Sunday, 5 November 1854, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4, p. 237. Author’s note: Though Pierson did not specify that this remark was made at this specific meeting, it is the nearest major meeting to his diary notation.
85. The Argus, 7 November 1854, p. 6.
86. Lynch, p. 11; The Argus, 7 November 1854 p. 6.
87. Smith, p. 22.
88. The Argus, 7 November 1854, p. 6.
89. Charles Hotham to Sir George Grey, 18 November 1854, ‘Duplicate Despatches from the Governor to the Secretary of State’, VPRS 1085/P0, Unit 8, Duplicate despatch No. 148.
90. Peter Lalor’s evidence to the Board of Inquiry, No. 19, 4 November 1854, ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbances at Ballarat’, p. 6.
91. Ballarat Reform League Letter to the Board, 10 November 1854, ‘Report of the Board into the Circumstances Connected with the Late Disturbances at Ballarat’, p. 19.
92. Ibid., pp. 19-20.
93. Empire, 7 November 1854, p. 4.
94. Robert Rede to Hotham, 7 November 1854, ‘Correspondence with Office of the Chief Commissioner of Goldfields, Melbourne and Resident Gold Commissioner at Ballarat’, 1854-1855, SLV, MS 11489-11490, Box 59/2-3, Letter 27.
95. Ibid.