Dinosaur Killers

by Popoff, Alexander

Variation of the testes theory suggests that the dinosaurs became endotherm (warm-blooded) but their testicles were still in their body instead of hanging externally.

  48. Dinosaurs and the most of the past never existed.

  Dinosaurs are only a computer simulation. Most of our past is, too.

  Our past, the dinosaurs, and many other things never existed because our world was created some time ago—a few thousands of years ago, a few million years ago, or a few hours ago. Actually, our world is totally artificial. The “natural” world and human “history” never existed. We are like exotic fishes in an expensive aquarium. The high intelligence, owning the aquarium and the fishes, deliberately peppered with riddles the “past” in order to stimulate human thinking. That way the show is more entertaining: the subjects think that they live in a natural environment that has to be explored and controlled.

  Though artificially created, the model of our world is based on principles of physics, chemistry, biology, etc.

  This ancient idea is nowadays researched by many scientists, and they are trying to find out how to test it. One way is to find inconsistencies, flaws, or errors in this simulated world.

  49. Dinosaurs are still around.

  The paleontologists Lowell Dingus and Timothy Rowe suggest that the dinosaurs didn’t disappear; they merely took flight. Dingus and Rowe write in their bookMistaken Extinction: Dinosaur Evolution and the Origin of Birds, that the dinosaurs merely evolved into another form—birds.

  50. Racial senescence.

  Racial senescence (phylogeronty) is the idea that species, including dinosaurs, simply walked off the evolutionary stage when their time had run out.

  Arthur Smith Woodward in his address in 1910 to the British Association for the Advancement of Science argued that the demise of the dinosaurs was result of racial senility. As evidence he pointed to the excess growth, great spinescence, and loss of teeth of the dinosaurs near the end of Cretaceous.

  Life of all animals and plants is marked by a continuous rate of extinction. The average lifespan of a species is about four million years, then they go extinct. The developmental pattern of species is rising, flourishing, and extinction in a few million years. On average, one species a day has become extinct throughout the entire history of life.

  For every thousand species ever lived on Earth, only one exists today: 99.9 percent of all species that roamed our planet died off.

  This theory suggests that dinosaurs simply had lived long enough, and it was time for them to slump into decline and disappear.

  In other words, when the shelf life of species expires, they are replaced by new ones.

  In 1964, Will Cuppy wrote, “the Age of Reptiles ended because it had gone on long enough and it was all a mistake in the first place.”

  51. Explosion of a spacecraft.

  An alien spaceship or a robotic probe accidentally exploded when studying Earth. In order to travel between the stars, such spacecraft should have a very powerful propulsion system and enough amount of high energy fuel, which is capable of destroying not only the spaceship, but also a large part of the life on the visited planet, leaving a huge crater after the tremendous explosion.

  Brice N. Cassenti, associate professor with the Department of Engineering and Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, gives a very good example of the immense quantity of energy a spacecraft needs to travel to the closest star system.

  According to him, it would take at least the current energy output of the entire present world to send a probe to Alpha Centauri, closest star system to Earth, located 4.37 light years from the Sun. More likely, he says, it would be as much as 100 times that. Cassenti states that, “We just can’t extract the resources from the Earth. They just don’t exist. We would need to mine the outer planets.”

  Now one can imagine the aftermath of an explosion of a spacecraft capable of traveling among the stars.

  52. Hunted down by time travelers.

  Dinosaurs were hunted down by time travelers (humans or aliens) for fun or some other reason.

  A variation of this theory states that time travelers from the distant future destroyed the dinosaurs by exploding a supernova, sending a huge killer comet, or caused prolonged volcanic eruptions, etc., in order to accelerate human evolution. For the same purpose they have made many other changes in the biological development of the species on Earth, and they are still in control of our world.

  They are also guardians of the past, protecting in that way their present and future.

  53. Competition between avian and non-avian dinosaurs.

  There was a tough competition clash between the avian and non-avian dinosaurs. The avians were smarter, warm-blooded creatures and killed off their enemies at the end of Cretaceous, breaking their eggs.

  54. Visiting robots.

  Earth is visited periodically by berserkers (killer robots), cleansing the planets from creatures on the verge of becoming intelligent and keeping them vacant for future colonization by their masters.

  55. Tremendous global methane firestorm.

  The dinosaurs died out in a global firestorm of methane gas triggered by an asteroid impact and ignited by lightning. Marine geologist Erwin Suess and coworkers from the Research Center for Marine Geosciences in Germany estimated the total amount of carbon locked in these deposits exceeds the amount in all of the known coal, oil, and gas reservoirs. The impact shook up the ocean and generated tsunamis that ruptured pockets of methane trapped under gas hydrates. The fire would have incinerated land creatures, while decreasing oxygen supplies and increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

  The impact would have launched millions of tons of rock into ballistic space flight. Over the following hour this debris would have reentered Earth’s atmosphere at high speed, causing millions of “shooting stars.” The radiant heat from these meteors would have been sufficient to ignite the trees around the world.

  Evidence for global wildfires at the time of the Chicxulub impact is the iridium-bearing clay in the boundary layer at the end of the Cretaceous Period, which contains large amounts of soot.

  The only animals who survived burrowed underground or were protected from the wildfires by swamps or oceans. All unprotected creatures were baked to death.

  56. Alien nomadic races.

  According to Stephen Hawking, the extraterrestrials, after consuming the natural resources of their own world: “Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonize whatever planets they could reach. If so, it makes sense for them to exploit each new planet for material to build more spaceships so they could move on. Who knows what the limits would be?”

  Now we know that alien nomadic races roam space in huge spaceships. They are hungry and mean. When they reach a planet like Earth, they devour almost all life forms, leaving behind them huge heaps of bones. One of their grand last visits to Earth was 66 million years ago. After their feast, there were no longer any dinosaurs, only piles of bones and soil polluted with extraterrestrial iridium from their spaceships and arsenic, because they like to burn arsenic-rich coals in their charcoal grills. The aliens also cooked the meat over huge campfires. No animal species larger than 25 kilograms survived. Now scientists are unearthing large amounts of soot, ash, molten sand, cinder, clinker, and charcoal, evidence of the alien feast fires. This unfortunate event is often referred to as the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. There were also other such alien visitations, which are mistakenly thought to be natural extinctions. Be aware of the aliens! Their traditional festival, Dining Done Differently, is approaching.

  57. High-tech global accident or war.

  The Cretaceous extinction was not a natural catastrophic event. It could be caused by an alien space race or an evolved dinosaurian species.

  Life on Earth, in the past and now, is constantly threatened to be destroyed by a series of perils that could happen on nearby alien planets or starships, such as global war between highly advanced civilizations, using sup
er-powerful weapons, high-tech industry and laboratory accidents, terrorism, nanotechnological catastrophe, dangerous science experiments, etc.

  The accident was so powerful that it destroyed fully or partially life and intelligence in a large part of the Galaxy.

  This is also an answer to the Fermi paradox. There were many civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy, but in the nearby region or in the entire Galaxy they were destroyed 66 million years ago.

  58. Diminishing brain.

  Raymond published in 1939 his theory that the brains of the dinosaurs gradually diminished in size and they died off through stupidity and inability to cope with the change of the environment.

  59. Bad karma.

  60. Dinosaurs were poisoned by cyanide.

  A passing comet poisoned the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth with chemicals, perhaps large amounts of cyanide, and most of the species died off.

  In 1910, one of the substances discovered in the tail of Halley’s Comet by spectroscopic analysis was the toxic gas cyanogen, also known as cyanide. Astronomer Camille Flammarion claimed that, when Earth passes through the tail, the gas “would impregnate the atmosphere and possibly snuff out all life on the planet.”

  Other astronomers also calculated that our planet would pass directly through the tail of the comet. Many people became concerned, fearing that the gas would kill every living being. Panicked citizenry was buying gas masks, anti-comet pills, and anti-comet umbrellas.

  In the United States leaflets were printed with this advice: “Warning to the Inhabitants of the City: Close your windows and keep indoors for the Earth will soon pass through the tail of the terrible Comet and its poisonous gases will fill the heavens!”

  Some people feared that the tail of the comet would bring deadly influenza and would cause earthquakes.

  Three years later, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published his novella The Poison Belt, about a group of explorers who managed to survive while the rest of the humanity perished when Earth passed through a deadly region in space.

  Professor Challenger sent cryptic telegrams to Edward Malone, Lord John Roxton, and Professor Summerlee to join him at his house outside of London, instructing them to bring tanks of oxygen. The group ushered into a sealed room. Challenger has predicted that the Earth was about to enter a belt of poisonous ether, which would cause the end of humankind.

  Finally, when the last of the oxygen cylinders was emptied, they opened a window, ready to face death. They wandered through the dead countryside, eventually making it to London. All people were dead. They encountered only one survivor, an elderly, bed-ridden woman prescribed oxygen for her health.

  Cyanide is a common ingredient of comet cores, and some of them may contain millions of tons of this deadly stuff. The space probe Deep Impact observed huge jets of cyanide gas from the small comet Hartley 2 (diameter 1.2 to 1.6 km), which coughed up several million tons of cyanide in two weeks.

  The science team was shocked by the massive surge of cyanogen and by the size and purity of the outburst.

  61. Dinosaurs Became Gay.

  Because of the growing overpopulation a natural birth control mechanism was triggered, causing more and more dinosaurs to become homosexual. Males had pleasure with males, females with females. But this natural birth control mechanism was too successful and the dinosaurs died out.

  62. Too large.

  Dinosaurs, being a dominant species, became so large that they couldn’t move to find food and water or copulate normally, and they went extinct.

  63. Mammals outcompeted the dinosaurs.

  Dinosaurs simply could not compete with the evolving mammals. The number of the mammals became so huge that they consumed great amounts of food, leaving next to nothing to the dinosaurs. They also ate dinosaur eggs and dinosaur babies.

  Dinosaurs also became victims of infectious diseases transmitted from the explosively growing number of mammals. Some of the diseases were new to the dinosaurs, and they had little or no natural or acquired immunity to them.

  There was a war between the mammals and the dinosaurs. Most of the species against dinosauria. The dinosaurs lost the war. Only avian dinosaurs survived because they could fly. The war was not only on the land, but also in the waters of the seas and oceans. After the demise of the dinosaurs some land mammals, including whales and dolphins, became marine creatures and conquered the oceans, too.

  64. Genetic disorders.

  Dinosaurs slowly accumulated genetic disorders and unfavorable mutations, eventually bringing them to extinction.

  65. Deadly constipation.

  According to E. Baldwin, laxative plantsin dinosaur diets disappeared, and they died of constipation. Natural laxatives generally include any food that has a high fiber or water content, such as whole grains and fruits.

  66. Deadly insects.

  According to George Poinar, a professor of zoology at Oregon State University, the appearance of biting insects thatcarried parasites and disease finished off the dinosaurs. Evidence has been gathered from insects that were preserved in amber.

  Poinar and his wife also examined fossilized dinosaur dung. They found nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa that might have given the animals dysentery. Dinosaurs would have had little resistance to these new diseases. The insects probably transferred these parasites from dung piles to the food of the dinosaurs.

  67. Hypercanes.

  In the article “Hypercanes: A possible link in g1obal extinction scenarios,” the climatologist Kerry Emanuel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, at al. suggested that super storms, which he calls “hypercanes,” could throw huge amounts of water vapor and aerosols high into the stratosphere, altering the global climate and destroying the ozone layer.

  Hypercanes may occur when seawater is locally heated by bolide impact or volcanism.

  The strong updraft could go up to 20 miles into the atmosphere and puncture the troposphere.

  The super winds would flatten forests and toss all sorts of things, killing almost every living being in their path. The water vapor and aerosols could remain high in the atmosphere for many years, disturbing the climate and the protective ozone layer.

  A single asteroid can’t cause the K-Pg mass extinction. Emanuel and his team theorized that an asteroid-triggered hypercanes could have caused the K-Pg extinction.

  It’s also been predicted that the asteroid impact caused numerous hypercanes around the world and eliminated most of the species at the end of Cretaceous.

  68. Living dinosaurs.

  First of all, avian dinosaurs survived.

  Second, scientists have found bones of dinosaurs after the K-Pg extinction.

  Creationists and cryptozoologists claim that some archaeological artifacts, old writings, and ancient folklores support the idea that man and dinosaurs lived together, and that a limited number of dinosaurs are still living in secluded places, in some sort of lost world a la Arthur Conan Doyle.

  It is claimed that Mokele-Mbembe, meaning “one who stops the flow of rivers” in the Lingala language, the legendary water-dwelling creature of Congo River is a survived sauropod. Roy Mackal, a retired University of Chicago biologist, conducted two expeditions in search of the Mokele-Mbembe. He believes that the creature is a small sauropod dinosaur.

  There are also other animals in remote locations, which could be living remnants of the Mesozoic world. There are hundreds of lakes harboring reputed monsters around the world. The lake and sea monster reports could be “explained” as plesiosaurs or the ichthyosaurs.

  69. Superchron.

  A geomagnetic reversal is a change in the Earth’s magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged. The magnetic field alternates between periods of normal polarity, in which the direction of the field was the same as the present direction, and reverse polarity, in which the field was the opposite. These periods are called chrons.

  The timespans of the chrons are normally between 100,000 years and 1 milli
on years.

  A superchron is a polarity interval lasting more than10 million years. The Cretaceous Normal, also called the Cretaceous Superchron, lasted for almost 40 million years. The abrupt termination of the superchrons generally coincides with the major mass extinctions.

  Vincent Courtillot and Peter Olson suggested in their article “Mantle plumes link magnetic superchrons to Phanerozoic mass depletion event” that thermal instabilities in the layers of the mantle increased core heat flow and the magnetic superchron, and generated deep mantle plumes.

  “The plumes ascend through the mantle on a 20 millions years time scale, producing continental flood basalt (trap) eruptions, rapid climatic change, and massive faunal depletions.”

  In 2010, Sheldon Breiner proposed the idea that organisms naturally incorporate magneto-orientation as one of the fundamental senses, granting them competitive evolutionary advantage. An organelle responds to the Earth’s magnetic field for local and long-distance navigation, orientation, and homing. Magnetotaxis describes the ability to sense a magnetic field and coordinate movement in response. Such systems have been reported in many life forms.

  Breiner wrote that “The magnetic field reversals would sever this sense resulting in a profound loss of equilibrium and their ability to navigate, find food and propagate and this state of affairs thus doomed them. The more dependent upon their magnetotaxis, the more likely they would not survive.”

  70. Nickel poisoning.

  According to the astrophysicist Thomas Wdowiak, nickel from a vaporized asteroid poisoned the plants on land and the waters.

  Wdowiak calls his theory the nickel coup de grace.

  A comparatively small M-type asteroid with a mean diameter of 1 kilometer (0.62 miles) could contain more than two billion tons of iron–nickel ore, which is two to three times the annual world production. The asteroid 16 Psyche is believed to contain 1.7×1019 kg of nickel–iron, which could supply the world production requirement for several million years.