Representative government, 63, 191
Reserves: pre-1870, 97, 100; 1870–1910, 125, 127, 131; 1910–48, 155–56, 163–64, 166, 169–70, 171–72; post-1948, 191–94, 196, 222, 226–30, 241–42, 245, 247, 248, 250, 258, 259, 271. See also names of individual reserves
Responsible government, 63, 133
Retief, Piet, 69, 88, 90–91, 97
Rhodes, Cecil, 114, 116–17, 120, 138, 148, 150
Rhodesia, 189, 213–14, 216, 218
Riekert, P. J., 224–25
Rights, socioeconomic, 297. See also Human rights
Right2Know, 318
Riotous Assemblies Act (1956), 199
Robben Island, 38, 62, 211, 245
Roberts, Lord, 142, 145
Roman-Dutch law, 41–42, 98
Russia, 330–31
Rwanda, 299
Sabotage Act (1962), 199
Sachs, Albie, 267
SAHRC. See South African Human Rights Commission
Salisbury, Lord, 138
San, 10, 49. See also Hunter-gatherers
Sanctions, 218, 230, 232–34, 242–43, 262
Sandile, 77, 79
Sand River Convention, 96
Sanitation, access to, 335
Sarhili, 78, 79
Saro-Wiwa, Ken, 299
Sauer Commission, 223
Schools: in pre-1870 Cape Colony, 41, 44, 48, 66, 68; in Afrikaner republics and colonial Natal, 77, 99; post-1870, 144, 151, 227, 242. See also African education; Education; White education
Scorpions, the, 295
Sebokeng, 248
Secrecy Bill, 317–18
Security legislation, 232–33
Segregation, 154–86 passim
Sekonyela, 90, 106
Sekwati, 104
Selebi, Jackie, 313, 341
Seme, Pixley, 174–76
Senzangakona, 83
Sexwale, Tokyo, 329
Shabalala-Msimang, Manto, 309
Shaik, Schabir, 295
Shaka, 83–87, 92, 253, 264, 272
Shapiro, Jonathan. See Zapiro
Sharecroppers, 132, 155, 165, 189
Sharpeville, 210, 218, 275
Sheep: in precolonial societies, 10–11, 13–14, 16, 25, 28, 32; in pre-1870 Cape Colony, 36–37, 40, 46–47, 49–50, 55, 62, 66; in Afrikaner republics and colonial Natal, 71, 101, 103
Shepstone, Theophilus, 97–99, 107
Ships, 21–22, 25, 32, 36–39, 53
Shona, 90
Showerhead cartoons, 295
Sisulu, Lindiwe, 306
Sisulu, Walter, 182, 207, 211, 245, 267, 269
Slavery, 42–58, 65–69, 88, 96
Slovo, Joe, 248, 255, 269
Smith, Charlene, 311
Smith, Ian, 300
Smith, Sir Harry, 76–77, 95
Smuts, Izak, 323
Smuts, Jan Christian, 140, 149, 157–58, 160, 179, 180, 182–83, 186, 189
Sneeuwberg Mountains, 46, 49–50
Sobhuza, 86
Sobukwe, Robert, 210
Social assistance grants, 329
Social Housing Program, 306
Soga, Tiyo, 80
Somerset, Lord Charles (1814–26), 54, 57, 59, 63
Soshangane, 86
Sotho, 86–87, 94–95, 103–4, 106–7, 192, 201, 246
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 184, 198
South African Bureau for Economic Research, 301
South African Bureau of Racial Affairs, 185
South African Bus and Taxi Association, 242
South African Catholic Bishops’ Conference, 238
South African Coal, Oil, and Gas Corporation (SASOL), 218
South African Coloured People’s Organisation, 208
South African Communist party (SACP), 177, 246, 279, 282, 293, 319
South African Congress of Trade Unions, 208
South African Council of Churches, 204, 238, 239, 276
South African Customs Union, 230
South African Defence Force (SADF), 224, 235, 272–73
South African electrical supply commission, 266
South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC), 292–93, 335
South African Indian Congress (SAIC), 174, 176–77, 208
South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR), 176, 180, 185, 203, 248
South African National Defence Force (SANDF), 259
South African Native National Congress. See African National Congress
South African party, 158–60
South African Reserve Bank, 242, 327
South African Students Organisation (SASO), 212–13
South African War (1899–1902), 141–43
South African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), 231
Southern African Development Community, 346
Southern Rhodesia. See Rhodesia
South West Africa. See Namibia
South-West African People’s Organization, 243
Soviet Union, 177, 214, 216, 239, 243, 250, 268
Soweto, 178, 202, 212, 238, 250, 261, 264
Sparrman, Anders, 48, 51
Squatter camps, 305, 306
Sri Lanka. See Ceylon
St. Peter’s (high school), 172
Staffrider, 228
Stals, Chris, 292
State corporations, 160, 177. See also names of individual corporations
State of emergency, 210, 235–40, 245, 253
State Security Council, 224
States-General, 33, 42
Stavenisse, 18, 21
Steinberg, Jonny, 341
Stellenbosch, 35, 39–41, 46–47, 51, 59, 67–68
Steyn, Lieutenant-General Pierre, 255
Steyn, M. T., 151
Stockenstrom, Andries, 60, 62, 64, 76
Strategic minerals, 177, 217
Stratification: precolonial, 13–14; pre-1870, 33, 39–40, 51–52, 71, 92; post-1870, 112–13, 115, 118, 126, 129, 142
Strikes: pre-1948, 157, 159–60, 179, 182; post-1948, 224, 229, 239, 257, 263, 276. See also Boycotts
Study Project on Christianity in Apartheid Society (SPROCAS), 205–6
Sunday Times, 295
Suppression of Communism Act (1950), 198–99
Supreme Court, 271. See also Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
Suzman, Helen, 345
Swazi, 72, 87, 91, 123
Swaziland, 12, 86, 151, 162, 214, 230–31, 327
Swellendam, 46–47, 49, 51
Symbiosis, 14, 28, 128
Symbols, 157, 160
Syria, 327
Table Bay, 3, 32–33, 35, 39, 47
Table Mountain, 39, 43
tac. See Treatment Action Campaign
Taiwan, 299
Tambo, Oliver, 182, 207, 211, 216, 244, 251, 268
Tanganyika. See Tanzania
Tanzania, 81, 86, 212–13, 215, 231, 233
Tatane, Andries, 333–34
Taxation: pre-1870, 97, 100; 1870–1910, 125–26, 128, 131, 134, 144, 146; post-1910, 164, 172, 181
Taxi companies, 243, 270
Teachers, 156, 172–73, 174, 264, 265, 276
Tenant laborers, 132, 155, 163, 165
Tenderpreneurs, 303
Terreblanche, Eugene, 340
Terrorism Act (1967), 199
Thaba Bosiu, 86, 106
Thatcher, Margaret, 232–33
Thembu, 76–77, 80, 208
Thomson SC, 295
Thunberg, Carl Peter, 43
Third Force, 249, 270, 275
Time magazine, 313
Towns: pre-1870, 21, 40, 51, 108, 112, 144–45; post-1870, 170, 178–79
Townships, African, 193–95, 228–29, 232, 235, 237–38, 241, 246, 261, 264, 269, 276, 277
Trade, 37, 42; overseas, 32, 39, 53, 67, 108–9, 133, 138; posts, 41, 50; regional, 19–20, 55, 148
Traders, 16; in Cape Colony, 40, 47, 53; in Afrikaner republics and Natal, 71, 75, 83, 90, 101, 103; post-1870, 122–28, 131, 133, 171
> Trade unions, 144, 156–59, 167, 176–79, 195, 225
Traditional authorities, 267. See also names of individual chiefs
Traditional courts, 323
Transitional Executive Council, 249, 252, 263–64
Transkei: pre-1910, 4, 25, 80, 174, 176; post-1910, 191, 207–8, 222, 226
Transvaal: pre-1870, 6–7, 12, 16–17, 19, 72, 83–84; post-1870, 158, 189, 193, 204, 237, 253, 257, 266
Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), 308
Treatment Action Campaign v. Minister of Health, 308
Trekboers, 46–51, 53, 67, 73
Tribes, 14–15, 25, 113
Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 249, 250, 275–78
Tsetse flies, 4, 93, 104
Tshabalala-Msimang, Manto, 313
Tshwete, Steve, 293
Tsvangirai, Morgan, 300, 301
Tswana: in precolonial era, 16, 25, 27, 30; and white conquest, 72, 86–87, 104, 128; under apartheid, 201; postapartheid, 272
Tugela River, 83, 88, 91
Tutu, Desmond, Archbishop, 239, 249, 275, 277, 303, 314, 327
Uitlanders, 136–37, 139–40
Ulundi, 260
Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), 211, 269, 272–73
Unemployment, 242, 246, 256, 276–77
Union buildings, 209, 238
United Democratic Front (UDF), 228–30, 236, 247, 250, 251
United Democratic Movement, 315
United Nations, 219–20, 262; arms embargo, 222; and Namibia, 214, 232, 239; Charter, 181–83; Children’s Fund, 201; General Assembly, 214, 262; Human Rights Commission, 318; Millennium Development Goals, 302–3, 328; Security Council, 214, 239, 298; Special Committee on Apartheid, 214; Special Unit on Apartheid, 214
United party, 161–62, 186–88
United States: 1870 population, 53; African Bureau of State Department, 219; Bureau of Mines, 217; business and defense interests of, 217–19; foreign policy of, 219–20, 232–33, 239, 262, 301
Universities, 180, 242, 265, 310–11; Fort Hare, 156, 173, 182, 197, 207, 210; Rhodes University, 197; University of Cape Town, 197, 202, 205, 265; University of Natal, 197, 256, 265; University of Pretoria, 185; University of South Africa, 208; University of the Witwaters-rand, 180, 197, 205, 210, 265; Stellenbosch University, 265; University of Durban-Westville, 265; University of the Western Cape, 265
Unlawful Organizations Act (1960), 199
Urban Areas Act (1923), 194
Urbanization: 1910–48, 157, 162, 166, 169, 178–79, 181–82, 186; post-1948, 195, 241–42, 245, 256
Vaal River, 85–86, 88, 90, 101–2
Van der Merwe, Johan, 259–60, 270
Van der Stel, Simon, 41
Van der Stel, Willem Adriaan, 37, 41
Van Riebeeck, Jan, 32–33, 35–37, 66
Van Zyl Slabbert, Frederik, 244
Veldkornets, 47–48, 57–58, 68, 92, 101–3
Venda, 72, 123, 191, 226, 272
Vereeniging, 143–44
Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch, 189–91, 196, 215–16, 222–23, 227, 274, 339
Victor Verster, 245
Viljoen, Constand, 252
Villages, 17, 21–23, 25, 55, 171
Violence: pre-1870, 27, 38, 52, 55, 71, 91, 95; 1870–1989, 129, 160, 229, 230, 233, 238, 244; post-1989, 246, 247–48, 249, 252, 253, 257, 260, 263, 264, 265, 270, 272–73, 276, 311–12, 339, 340–42
Vlok, Adriaan, 235–36, 276
Volksraad, 91–93, 102, 133, 136–37, 139
Volkstaat, 248, 272
Voortrekkers, 67, 69, 87–96, 123, 133, 162. See also Great Trek
Vorster, B. J., 189, 220, 223–24
Vula (the opening), 248, 254
Wage laborers: 1870–1910, 118, 121, 126–27, 129; 1910–48, 155–57, 159–60, 163, 167, 169, 179; post-1948, 195, 224, 227. See also Appendix: table 4
Walvis Bay, 239–40
War on Poverty, 302
Wars: African, 77–109 passim; Mlanjeni’s War, 77; War of the Axe, 76; Kaffir Wars, 173; South African War (1899–1902), 141–43; World War I, 157, 159, 170–71, 177; World War II, 157, 162–63, 166–67, 170, 177–86
Washington Post, 300
Water, 200–201, 256, 260, 261, 264, 266, 304–5, 335–36
Waterboer, Andries, 94, 117
Wealth, gap in, 302, 303, 329, 345
Wesleyan Missionary Society, 94–95, 97
White education, 162, 181, 195–96, 242, 256
White farmers: pre-1910, 35–36, 71, 109, 120–22, 127; post-1910, 154, 160, 164–66
White immigrants: pre-1870, 53–56, 62–63, 67, 96, 100; post-1870, 112, 115–16, 118–20, 137, 144–45, 159, 189
Whites: terminology, xviii–xix
Willemse, General Johan, 274
Wine, 36–39, 41, 53–54, 66, 69, 112
Witchcraft, 26–27, 78
Witwatersrand, 251, 269
Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (wnla), 144–45, 167
Wodehouse, Sir Philip, 106–7
Women: in precolonial societies, 19, 20, 22–23, 25–27, 29; in pre-1870 Cape Colony, 35–36, 40–41, 43, 45, 51; 1870–1910, 111–12, 119, 124; 1910–48, 156, 160, 168, 172, 174, 186; post-1948, 209, 228, 249, 256, 258, 267
Wool, 53–55, 67, 108, 112, 126, 161. See also Sheep
World Alliance of Reformed Churches, 239
World Bank, 202, 242, 298
World Conference against Racism, 298
World Cup (2010), 306, 314, 342–43
World Health Organization, 305
World Summit on Sustainable Development, 298
World War I, 157, 159, 170–71, 177
World War II, 157, 162–63, 166–67, 170, 177–86
Xenophobia, 312, 343
Xhosa: in precolonial era, 16, 18–19, 22, 25, 27–30; in Cape Colony, 50, 53–55, 62, 68; conflicts with Afrikaner trekboers and British, 73–80, 87; in Natal, 246; and Government of National Unity, 272
Xhosa Nostra, 291
Yutar, Percy, 274
ZANU-PF, 300
Zapiro (Jonathan Shapiro), 295, 316–17
Zimbabwe, 5, 32, 90, 209, 216, 230–33, 272, 300–301, 342
Zimbabwean Election Support Network, 300
Zulu: and the Mfecane, 80–91, 97; and apartheid, 198, 201, 208, 230; and transition period, 246, 247–48, 249–51, 260–61; and Government of National Unity, 260, 268, 270, 271–72
Zulu, Lindiwe, 328
Zuma, Jacob, 290–91, 295–96, 314; presidency of, 315–44
Zwangendaba, 86
Zwartland, 41, 48
Zwelethini, Goodwill (Zulu king), 253, 260, 272
Zwide, 81, 86
A History of South Africa Page 59
