Out of the Shadow of a Giant
Page 34
Royal Exchange, London 64–5, 70
Royal Greenwich Observatory 108–10, 116, 118, 124, 127, 143, 264–5, 271, 273, 278
Royal Navy xiv, 240–57, 272, 273, 280
Royal Society v; Archive 27, 79, 163, 167, 169, 240; Aston and Robinson
resignations (1685) 157–8, 188; Clerk, post of (Halley as first incumbent) 158, 173, 187–9, 248; Council 30, 44, 45–6, 48, 138, 153, 155, 156, 157, 212, 215, 216, 263; decline from early enthusiasm 135, 136; Endeavour voyage/observation of transit of Venus (1769), involvement in 277, 278, 279; establishment of xvi, 9, 27–8, 28n, 114; first Royal Charter (1662) 27–8; Great Fire of London and 65, 66–7, 68n, 69; Great Plague and 59–60; Gregorian telescope and 96, 97–8; ground rules for experiments and recognition of need for ‘curators’ who would carry out experiments (1660) 28; Halley announces existence of De Motu Corporum in Gyrum (On the Motion of Bodies in Orbit) to (1684) 172, 173; Halley application for Savilian Professor of Astronomy, Oxford and 198; Halley as Secretary of 273; Halley as Vice-President 273; Halley discusses possibility of measuring distance to Sun using a transit of Venus with 197, 269–70; Halley diving work and 238; Halley elected Fellow of xiv, 40, 123; Halley elected to Council of 263; Halley southern skies trip and 117, 119, 122, 128, 129; Halley work with Hevelius and 124, 126, 127, 128; Hooke as Curator of Experiments see Hooke, Robert; Hooke as Secretary of 137, 138, 143, 145, 148–9, 153, 154, 155; Hooke/Boyle air pump demonstrations, importance to 32–3; Hooke elected Fellow of 29; Hooke and Newton exchange of letters (1679–80) and 145–52, 165; Hooke portrait disappears from 183; Hooke’s arch ideas presented to 79; Hooke’s burial and 218; Hooke’s daily life and 89–90; Hooke’s experiments with gravity interrupted by workload at 160; Hooke’s fossil work and 53–4, 228; Hooke’s outline of ideal way to carry out scientific investigations and 283–5; Hooke’s reflecting telescope and 97–8; Hooke’s salary, increase in (1687) 210, 210n; Hooke’s ‘terraqueous globe’ idea presented to 226; Horrocks Venus in sole visa and 276; Micrographia and 43, 44–6, 48; move from Gresham College to Crane Court 183; Newton apple story and 167, 169, 170; Newton as President of 183, 263, 264; Newton dismisses Hooke diffraction experiment at (1675) 104; Newton letter to detailing ideas of light and colour (1672) 100–3; Newton paper on light (1675) read out to 104; Newton reflecting telescope and 97; Newton’s absence from during Hooke’s life and increased presence after death 213; Nullius in verba motto 170, 231, 285; Oldenburg as Secretary see Oldenburg, Henry; Oldenburg death and revival of 137–8; On Gravity presented to 62, 162; Operator post 83, 87, 211; Paramore voyages and 240, 248, 253–4; Pepys as Fellow of 46, 63, 188, 193; Philosophical Transactions 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 116, 124, 157–8, 188, 192–3, 201, 254, 266, 267, 269; Principia and 128, 173, 173n, 175, 176, 189–93; reorganisation of (1685) 157–8, 187–8; Royal Observatory and 109; second Royal Charter (1663) 28; Williamson elected President of 138; Wren elected President of 153
Rupert, Prince of England 33
Russel Wallace, Alfred 132
Russell, Earl 184
Rye House Plot (1683) 184–5
Sancroft, William 80
Saturn: comets, influence upon 203, 204, 273; moons of 134; position of 115, 122
‘Savart’s wheel’ 154
Savile, Sir Henry 263
Seahorse, HMS 277–8
Seven Years’ War (1754–63) 277
sextant xiii, 63–4, 64n, 128
Shapin, Steven 87
Sharp, Abraham 263
Sheffield Place, Essex 76
Shovell, Sir Cloudsley 247, 260
Sidney, Algernon 184
Slare, Frederick 155
Sloane, Hans 206
Smith, William 234
St Benet Paul’s Wharf, London 74
St Edmund the King, London 74
St Martin within Ludgate, London 74
St Michael’s Crooked Lane, London 74
St Paul’s Cathedral, London 65, 68, 74, 78, 79–81, 112, 143, 160–1, 162
St Paul’s School, London 113
Steensen, Niels (Steno) 53–4, 223, 227–8
stellar motion, discovery of 266–7
Stepney, George 257, 258, 259, 260, 261
Stukeley, William: Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton’s Life 167–8
Sun: distance from Earth to xiv, 121, 197, 269–70, 275–80; eclipses of 116, 199–200, 267–9, 268n, 281–2; sunspots 116, 280–1
Tahiti 278–9, 280
telescopes 14, 36n, 39, 40, 43–4, 47, 49, 76, 78, 114, 154, 157, 204, 235; Gregorian 96, 97–8, 135, 198–9, 276; reflecting 95–7, 98, 100; refracting 55, 95–6, 97; sights 63–4, 94, 108–9, 117, 120, 124–9, 158, 212–13
terrestrial equatorial bulge 120, 176, 213, 223, 224–5
terrestrial magnetism 200
Thames, charting of mouth of (1689) xiv, 214, 236–7, 240
Thrower, Norman: The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley 207n, 242
Tiburtinus, Plato 199
Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury, John 197–8, 214
Tompion, Thomas 99, 99n, 136
Tooke, Mary 133
Torricelli, Evangelista 15–16, 18, 161
Towneley, Richard 18, 19, 37
Tyson, Edward 155
Unity 118
Ussher, Bishop James 3
van Linschoten, Jan: Itenerario 25–6
Venus, transits of xiv, 121, 197, 269–70, 275–80
Von Guericke, Otto 16–17
Waller, Richard: The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke 1, 2, 5, 6, 17–18, 23, 67, 87, 90, 144n, 176–7, 210, 212, 216, 217–18, 228
Wallis, John 114, 192, 198, 261, 263
Wallis, Samuel 278
War of the Spanish Succession (1702–15) 257–61, 261n
Ward, Seth 11, 76
watch, spring-driven 21, 22–4, 93, 99, 135–6, 139–41, 160
Westfall, Richard 102, 146–7, 177n
Westminster Abbey, London 7, 161, 215
Westminster School, London xii, 2, 5–7, 10
Whiston, Professor William 147n, 180
White, Manly 248, 253
Wickins, John 170
Wilkins (née Cromwell), Robina 9, 10
Wilkins, John 9–10, 11, 13, 14, 20, 27, 36, 60; Mathematicall Magick, or the wonders that can be perfomed by mechanical geometry 6–7
Willen, Buckinghamshire, church at 7, 76
William III (of Orange), King of England 180, 182, 211, 212, 236, 256n
Williamson, Sir Joseph 122–3, 138
Willis, Thomas 8, 10, 11
Wood, Anthony 113, 113n, 227
Woodroofe, Edward 74
Wren, Christopher 207; coffee houses as preferred meeting place of 11; comet orbit observations (1664) 40; Gresham Professor of Astronomy 26, 27, 29; Hooke, first meets 11; Hooke, family relation to 40n; Hooke, friendship with xiii, 5, 88, 214; Hooke, partnership with 68–9, 73, 74, 216; Hooke, regular meetings with 88; Hooke’s weather clock and 142; inverse square law, challenges Hooke and Halley to find proof of (1684) 156–7, 171; inverse square law, interest in planetary orbits and early awareness of xiv, 134, 136, 137, 143, 156–7, 164–5, 171, 176; King (Charles II), access to 60, 66–7, 69, 86; knighthood 89; London, role in rebuilding after Great Fire xiii, 66–7, 68, 69, 72–5, 76, 78, 79–81, 143; Micrographia and 43, 47n; Newton reflecting telescope and 97; Paris visit to study building programme of Louis XIV (1665) 60, 61, 62; Royal Observatory and 109, 110; Royal Society creation and 27; Royal Society Vice-President 137, 138; Royal Society President 153; Savilian Professor of Astronomy, Oxford 26, 43; St Paul’s Cathedral, role in rebuilding of 74, 79–81, 143; telescopic sights, pioneers use of 94; Westminster School 5
Wright, Michael 24
Young, Nell 83, 85
Young, Thomas 103, 140
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to the University of Sussex for providing us with a base from which to work, the Royal Society, Royal Astronomical Society, British Library, British Museum, Public Record Office, Science Museum Library Wroug
hton, King’s College, Cambridge, and the university libraries in Oxford and Cambridge for access to their archives, and to the Alfred C. Munger Foundation for financial support.
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