227“the many repeated attacks”: Wheeler, History of the Town of Stonington, 36.
228a 20-gun British frigate appeared: Wheeler, History of the Town of Stonington, 38–39.
228A contingent of local militiamen: Wheeler, History of the Town of Stonington, 36.
228Passing the little village of Lyme: National Park Service, Inventory Nomination Form, “Black Horse Tavern.”
230“I never sought the office”: Brown, 54.
230“the war is raging more ferociously”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 118.
231The army had 48,000 men: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 124.
231“seems in very great spirits”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 136.
231“The Americans, sir”: Middleton, British Historians and the American Revolution, 43.
233“the supreme authority of the Legislature”: Brown, 65.
233Admiral Howe wrote: Stopford-Sackville, 2:29.
23431 battalions: Brown, 55.
234“the Indians of the Six Nations”: Force, American Archives, Fourth Series, 5:527.
235“you may finally receive”: Force, 6:766.
236preparing to head to New York: Yates, correspondence, June 17, 1776, and July 26, 1776, in Yates Papers, NYPL; Bielinski File, NYSL.
237“the different principles”: Yates, Rough Hewer and Political Essays, in Yates Papers, NYPL, Reel 2, p. 36; Bielinski File, NYSL.
238“the lower people”: Yates, Rough Hewer and Political Essays, Reel 2, p. 12.
238“violation of the people’s rights and liberties”: Yates, untitled history manuscript, in Yates Papers, NYPL, Box 3, p. 2; Bielinski File, NYSL.
238“state of liberty”: Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 107.
238“the consent of every individual”: Locke, 146.
239“the Arbitrary Measures”: Yates, Yates Papers, NYPL, Reel 1, 126; Bielinski File, NYSL.
239“on the Holy Evangelists”: Albany Committee, Minutes, 1775–1778, 1:1.
240“take the Sense of your District”: Bielinski, Abraham Yates Jr. and the New Political Order, 17.
240“not conceive themselves fully invested”: Minutes of the Albany Committee of Correspondence, I:15.
241“Many People of Property”: Schecter, Battle for New York, 51.
241“the multitude”: Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, November 26, 1775. “From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 26 November 1775,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-01-02-0060.
242In a pamphlet he wrote: Craig Nelson, “Thomas Paine and the Making of Common Sense,” 236.
242“The cause of America”: Paine, Common Sense, Introduction.
242“I have heard it asserted”: Paine, Common Sense, 32.
243“Even brutes”: Paine, Common Sense, 34.
243“A government of our own”: Paine, Common Sense, 58.
243“Freedom hath been”: Paine, Common Sense, 60.
243“very unfortunate”: Yates, untitled history manuscript, in Yates Papers, NYPL, Box 3, p. 38; Bielinski File, NYSL.
243He acquiesced: Abraham Yates to Philip Schuyler, August 4, 1775, in Yates Papers, NYPL; Bielinski File, NYSL.
244“handsomely and well made”: Washington, General Orders, March 11, 1776.
245“a blue coat with yellow buttons”: Chernow, 190.
245a plumed hat and a purple sash: Longmore, 182.
245“ferry . . . mending carriage”: George Washington, Expenses of Journey to New York, April 4–13, 1776.
246“What to do with the city”: Charles Lee to George Washington, February 19, 1776.
246He also had redoubts and barricades: Schecter, Battle for New York, 77–78.
246a passably comfortable home: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 87.
246“We all live here”: Irving, Life of George Washington, 2:59.
247“bitchfoxy jades”: Gallagher, Battle of Brooklyn, 1776, 69.
247“Eight Sail of Square wrigd Vessels”: Benjamin Tupper to George Washington, June 4, 1776.
247New York’s provisional government, which continued to drag its feed: Force, 4:1095–1096.
247He ordered a court-martial: Washington, Council of War, June 27, 1776.
248“the unhappy fate of Thomas Hickey”: George Washington, General Orders, June 28, 1776.
249“persecuted on every side”: Coghlan, 22.
250On a Sunday. . . . six months pregnant: McGuire, Stop the Revolution, 80.
251“we are fully Confirmed”: William Livingston to George Washington, July 4, 1776.
251“Your Excellency must be sensible”: William Livingston to George Washington, July 4, 1776.
Chapter 11: The City of New York Will, in All Human Probability, Very Soon Be the Scene of a Bloody Conflict
253IN CONGRESS, July 4th, 1776: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 516.
253We, therefore, the representatives: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 517.
254“the worst event”: George Washington to Burwell Bassett, February 28, 1776.
255Resolved unanimously: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 518.
255“with beat of drum”: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 517.
255“availing themselves of a brisk & favourable breeze”: Washington to John Hancock, July 12, 1776.
256“such unsoldierly Conduct”: Washington, General Orders, July 13, 1776.
256“Gentlemen, The passage”: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 523.
256“the expenses of transporting a quantity of lead”: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 524.
257“I have a letter”: Brooks, Henry Knox, 58.
257“Miss Margaret Moncrieffe”: Pennsylvania Gazette, July 24, 1776.
258“repeatedly, at the commencement of the war”: Coghlan, 23.
258Putnam had also heard: Israel Putnam to “Miss Montcriffe,” July 26, 1776, Aaron Burr Papers, Missouri History Museum.
259“any political difference alters him not”: Israel Putnam to “Miss Montcriffe,” July 26, 1776, Aaron Burr Papers, Missouri History Museum; Force, American Archives: Fifth Series, 1:471.
259“ginrole”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 35.
260“more than a Mile in Length”: Schecter, The Battle for New York, 111.
260“Mrs. Putnam employed me”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 27.
261“those who had committed no Fault”: Washington Papers. Memorandum of an Interview with Lieutenant Colonel James Paterson, July 20, 1776.
261“was more polite than interesting”: Davies, 12:177–179.
262“Miss Moncrieffe, you don’t drink your wine”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 27.
263“to him I plighted my virgin vow”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 29–30.
263“the woods affording”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 31.
264“a sweet girl”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 34.
265“The Army under my command”: Washington to James Bowdoin, August 14, 1776.
265“one of the finest”: Schecter, Battle for New York, 127.
266Hundreds of his men were killed: Ferling, Ascent of George Washington, 110.
267“the city of New York”: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, 578.
269“The Convention will chearfully”: To George Washington from Abraham Yates Jr., August 22, 1776, Founders Online.
270“on all occasions avoid a general Action”: George Washington to John Hancock, September 8, 1776.
270Five British warships: Schecter, Battle for New York, 184.
270“flying in every direction”: George Washington to John Hancock, September 16, 1776.
271One later declared his belief: George Greene, The Life of Nathanael Greene, 2:428–429.
271“various and perplexing”: George Washington to Abraham Yates Jr., September 23, 1776.
271“I am bereft”: George Washington to Lund Washington, September 30, 1776.
272One of his general
s: Schecter, Battle for New York, 130.
272“like a clover field”: Schecter, Battle for New York, 183.
Chapter 12: So Celestial an Article
273The surface of a lake . . . in the world: Blanchard, “Who or What’s a Witch?”; Druke, “The Concept of Personhood in Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Iroquois Ethnopersonality”; Curtin, Seneca Indian Myths; Michael Galban, interview.
275In all, 1,700 Iroquois: Philip Schuyler to George Washington, August 6, 1776.
276“haughty princes of the wilderness”: Lossing, Life and Times of Philip Schuyler, 106.
276“The Consumption of provision”: Abler, Chainbreaker, 40.
276“With this String”: Lossing, 107–112.
276Cornplanter was . . . the Iroquois: Michael Galban, interview.
278“employ” Indians in “making a Diversion”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 183–184.
278If Germain . . . Swan with Two Necks: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 150–151.
279“We have crossed”: Brodhead et al., 8:670–671.
279“the assistance of the Indians”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 187.
279“the securing of the affection”: Brown, 60.
279“proper persons are employed to negotiate”: Brown, 60.
280“I hope every precaution”: Stopford-Sackville, II:40.
280“was ably planned”: Stopford-Sackville, II:40.
282“The situation of our Affairs”: George Washington to John Hancock, November 23, 1776.
2823,400 men: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 160.
283“ingenious maneuver of Fort Washington”: Charles Lee to Horatio Gates, December 13, 1776.
283“The Enemy”: George Washington to Pennsylvania Council of Safety, December 22, 1776.
28547 pounds 8 shillings: New York, Journals of the Provincial Congress, I:753–756. (Hereafter, Journals of the Provincial Congress.)
286read aloud in session: Journals of the Provincial Congress, I:756.
286“These are the times”: Paine, American Crisis, No. 1, in Rhodehamel, American Revolution, 238.
286ordered 1,000 copies: Journals of the Provincial Congress, I:756.
286“it would be well”: Bielinski, Abraham Yates, Jr., and the New Political Order, 28.
287“such government as shall”: Cumming, Constitution of the State of New York, 43.
288“that too much would be taken”: Yates, Rough Hewer, February 23, 1789, in Yates Papers, NYPL; Bielinski File, NYSL.
288“the alarming situation”: Yates, Rough Hewer, February 23, 1789.
290“people being crowded”: Cresswell, Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 244.
290“Toujours de la gaieté!”: Burrows and Wallace, 247.
291Elizabeth Loring . . . into his own account: Thomas Jones, History of New York During the Revolutionary War, I:1351.
292one of Howe’s first commands . . . eighteen plays that year: Oscar Barck, New York City During the War for Independence, 170–177.
292her father signed on: Barck, 171.
292In Britain . . . that social contract: Gundersen, “Independence, Citizenship, and the American Revolution,” 60–63.
293Coghlan’s family . . . the slave trade: http://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/john-coghlan-1754–1807.
294family portraits: Fliegelman, Prodigals and Pilgrims, 10.
295The Pennsylvania Magazine: Blakemore, Literature, Intertextuality, and the American Revolution, 15–16.
295“You may depend”: Colman, Polly Honeycombe, 32.
295“wretched in mind”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 40.
295“My union with Mr. Coghlan”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 41.
Chapter 13: Cannons Muskets Drums
296More consequential: Haddam Town Land Records, 10:148, 10:275.
298For two years . . . grain, wood or meat: Haddam Town Land Records, 2:126.
298When he needed staples . . . scything hay: Blevins, 46.
298he was ready: Haddam Town Land Records, 10:148, 10:275.
300“With a view of quelling”: Stopford-Sackville, II:60.
300“to force his way to Albany”: Stopford-Sackville, 2:60.
300“your influence amongst them”: Stopford-Sackville, 2:61.
301“from your first entrance”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 191.
301Several weeks later: Abler, Chainbreaker, 70–80.
302The father, he said, “wants you all”: The account of the Oswego council comes from Cornplanter’s nephew, Governor Blacksnake. A Seneca named Benjamin Williams wrote it down in pidgin English. For clarity, I have, here and elsewhere, corrected syntax and spelling.
305“a suit of clothes”: Seaver, Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison, 66.
306Ten o’clock in the morning: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 226–227.
307When an advance party: We know they were Seneca because the Seneca chief Old Smoke led them. Abler, Cornplanter, 43.
307“Gregg is perfectly in his senses”: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 226.
3072,000 men . . . the main body of soldiers: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 219.
307The army arrived . . . fly in battle: https://www.nps.gov/fost/learn/historyculture/flag-of-ftstanwix.htm#CP_JUMP_3680052.
308“the Indians, who were at least one thousand”: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 231.
308At Fort Dayton . . . stark naked: Brodhead et al., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 8:721.
308Once Herkimer’s men . . . became personal: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 238.
309“the Indians and white men”: Stone, Life of Joseph Brant, 243.
309What would later be: Abler, Cornplanter, 44.
309But the Iroquois lost: Brodhead et al., 8, 721; Abler, Cornplanter, 44.
309While they were ambushing Herkimer’s party: Brodhead et al., 8:721.
309They normally traveled . . . gunshot wounds: Fenton, Little Water Medicine Society of the Senecas, 22.
310“General Burgoyne is advanced”: Philip Schuyler to George Washington, August 17, 1777.
310“much at a loss”: George Washington to Philip Schuyler, July 2, 1777.
311“I am yet perplexed to find out”: George Washington to John Armstrong, July 4, 1777.
311“One Reason”: George Washington to Philip Schuyler, July 2, 1777.
312Washington had had . . . the American cause: Brandow, “Horatio Gates,” 10.
312“saying This Army”: Horatio Gates to George Washington, May 13, 1777.
312“I cannot help”: George Washington to Horatio Gates, May 19, 1777.
313“Genl Gates is here”: John Hancock to George Washington, June 20, 1777.
313“one bold stroke”: George Washington, General Orders, September 5, 1777.
314“Cannons Roaring muskets Cracking”: Ferling, Almost a Miracle, 249.
314“Sir, I am sorry to inform you”: George Washington to John Hancock, September 11, 1777.
314“I had an exalted opinion”: Pickering, Life of Thomas Pickering, 2:84.
315“Upon the whole”: George Washington to John Hancock, October 5, 1777.
316“the army, on the success”: George Washington, General Orders, September 28, 1777.
316“Burgoyne and his whole army”: Historical Magazine IV:9.
317“Look at the characters”: Benjamin Rush to John Adams, October 21, 1777, Papers of John Adams, V.
317“Our distress for want of Shoes”: George Washington to John Hancock, October 10–11, 1777.
317“I have been a slave”: George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, October 16, 1777.
317“I am Sir Yr Hble Servt.”: George Washington to Horatio Gates, January 4, 1777.
319“In France”: London Magazine, or, Gentleman’s Monthly Intelligencer 46 (September 1777): 471–472.
319“The Howes are gone”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 238.
319“The progress of General Burgoyne”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 239.
320“intended for the recovery”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 214.
320At the beginning of December . . . arms in America: Stopford-Sackville, II:78.
321“General Burgoyne and his army”: Parliamentary History of England, 19:533.
321“was a most unfortunate affair”: Parliamentary History of England, 19:534.
321“shocked at the easy manner”: Parliamentary History of England, 19:534–535.
322“The Americans, it is evident”: Parliamentary History of England, 19:535.
322“some time to calm”: Parliamentary History of England, 19:538.
323“An army of 10,000 men”: Parliamentary History of England, 19:540.
323“the supreme authority”: London Magazine, or, Gentleman’s Monthly Intelligencer 46 (September 1777): 593.
323“As to the noble lord”: Parliamentary History of England, 19, 541.
324As December wore on . . . the American Secretary: Brown, 140.
325“if my being permitted”: Brown, 141.
325“a most favourable event”: Brown, 146.
Chapter 14: White Freedom
326John Coghlan left his wife: Groves et al., Historical Records of the 7th or Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, 80.
327His career had begun: Morning Chronicle (New York), May 4, 1807, 2.
327“wild & drinking”: http://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/john-coghlan-1754-1807.
328“behavior unbecoming”: Washington, General Orders, February 8, 1778.
328“eight quarters of mutton”: Washington, General Orders, February 8, 1778.
328Washington was staying . . . military procurement: George Washington to John Banister, April 21, 1778.
329Five months earlier . . . general’s son: Lafayette to George Washington, October 14, 1777.
330Despite his precious upbringing: Lafayette to George Washington, November 26, 1777.
331He chose a location . . . 36 feet by 20: Per email correspondence with Lucianne Lavin, and based on Lucianne Lavin and Marc Banks. “Final Report Phase 1 and Phase 2 Archaeological Investigations of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company Property in Haddam Neck The 2005-2006 Field Seasons and an Overview of the Entire 7-Year Archaeological Study, volumes 1–3.” Haddam Neck, August 2007.
331There were no crucifixes . . . good fortune: Lucianne Lavin, “Venture Smith Homestead,” 20.
Revolution Song Page 54
