331As soon as he had bought . . . bought him out: Haddam Town Land Records, 10:191; Blevins, 48; Karl Stofko, unpublished “Notes on Knowlton Family of East Haddam and East Hampton.”
332Whacket bought Base: Karl Stofko, “Whacket Freeman” and “Peter Freeman,” unpublished talks presented on Venture Smith Day, East Haddam, Connecticut, September 2, 2004.
332Two months later . . . moved in: Haddam Town Land Records, 10:201.
332As an indication of Smith’s role: Dexter, Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College, 2:619.
333In December of the same year . . . Smith’s property: Blevins, 53; Stofko, Karl, “Sawney Anderson.”
333The black population: Blevins, 54.
333Physically too he was a presence: Venture Smith, A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, Revised and Republished with Traditions, by H. M. Selden, 32.
333he had to turn sideways: Smith, Narrative, Revised, 34.
333On visiting an acquaintance: Smith, Narrative, Revised, 35.
333Abraham Yates was feeling lost . . . Alexander Hamilton: Abraham Yates to ———, Yates Correspondence, September 7, 1777, in Yates Papers, NYPL; Bielinski File, NYSL.
334“your Maps and Globes”: Matthew Visscher to Abraham Yates, Yates Correspondence, August 15, 1777.
335“Ab. Yates . . . late Cobler of Laws”: Philip Schuyler to Gouverneur Morris, February 3, 1778, Gouverneur Morris Papers.
336“elevating Yates will forward”: Bielinski, “Abraham Yates Jr. and the New Political Order,” 38.
336The Atlantic crossing . . . her fate: Coghlan, Memoirs, 44.
337forced to intervene: Coghlan, Memoirs, 44.
337“leaving me”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 45.
337“his design”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 46.
338“turned MY BACK ON LIBERTY!”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 33.
339“must entirely overturn”: Wharton, The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the U.S., I:347.
340“I expected cooperation”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 295–297.
340“who were obliged”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 329.
340“scolded like two oysterwomen”: Toynbee, The Letters of Horace Walpole, X, 254.
340“the most decisive censure”: Parliamentary History of England, XIX:1200.
341“the honours and emoluments”: Adolphus, History of England, 2:560.
341“our Fleet and Army”: Brown, 163.
342He convinced . . . give up the fight: Stopford-Sackville, II:94–99.
342“the generality of the people”: Stopford-Sackville, II:95.
342“use your own discretion”: Stopford-Sackville, II:99.
342“to bring Mr. Washington”: Stopford-Sackville, II:96.
343“It having pleased”: Washington Papers, General Orders, May 5, 1778.
343“Upon a signal given”: Washington Papers, General Orders, May 5, 1778.
344“the ancient fabled God of War”: Kapp, Life of Frederick William Von Steuben, 637.
345Washington spurred . . . steep defile: George Washington to Henry Laurens, June 28, 1778.
345“What is the meaning of this”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 305.
345“Burgoyning Clinton”: Anthony Wayne to George Washington, June 18, 1778.
345“seemed to vie with each other”: George Washington to Henry Laurens, July 1, 1778.
346Three days later . . . eastern Pennsylvania: Richard Cartwright, The Life and Letters of the Late Hon. Richard Cartwright, 29–31.
346Cornplanter had an idea . . . their preparations: Betts, The Hatchet and the Plow, 69.
347Americans in the region. . . . armed combatants: Abler, Cornplanter, 46.
347“the Barbarians from Deluging”: Pennsylvania Archives, VII: 3.
347“a very important Indian Chief”: Pennsylvania Archives, VII: 5.
348He led more than 300 Senecas . . . for supplies: Abler, Chainbreaker, 103–105; Betts, 77–80.
349“they plundered”: Seaver, 131.
350“reconcile our spirited Assertions”: David Wallace, The Life of Henry Laurens, 475.
350“The policy of our arming Slaves”: George Washington to Henry Laurens, March 20, 1779.
351“it would be a matter”: George Washington to Lund Washington, February 24–26, 1779.
351Slaves there were so numerous . . . attempted an uprising: O’Shaughnessy, An Empire Divided, 151–154.
352the Jamaican slaves: Sheridan, “The Jamaican Slave Insurrection Scare,” 290–308.
353“Destroyed the Settlement”: Edward Hand to George Washington, November 18, 1778.
353“perfectly convinced”: George Washington to Henry Laurens, November 16, 1778.
353“The expedition you are appointed to command”: George Washington to John Sullivan, May 31, 1779.
354“into the heart of the Indian settlements”: George Washington to John Sullivan, May 31, 1779.
Chapter 15: I Am Your Son! I Am a Warrior!
355Earlier they had been secretive . . . herds of deer: Cook, Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan, 5–7.
357“Corn, Beans, peas”: Cook, 90.
357The American army overwhelmed . . . in their houses: Cook, 13.
357They skinned: Cook, 244.
358“rough and somewhat abrupt”: Worth, Random Recollections of Albany, 23.
359“the printer be under an Oath”: Lynd, “Abraham Yates’s History of the Movement for the United States Constitution.” 234.
359He had concluded . . . a mere $4.8 million: Schoderbek, “Robert Morris and Reporting for the Treasury,” 3.
360In January 1780: Lynd, 234–235.
360“the Center of Intrigue”: Lynd, 241.
361In February 1779, mobs formed . . . in their beds: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 401.
361“the several keepers of buck-hounds”: Burke, Plan for the Better Security of the Independence of Parliament, 69.
362“the present Consitution”: Knight, 227.
362Soldiers marched . . . doors and windows: Knight, 231; Valentine, Lord George Germain, 399.
362“To say Truth”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 364.
362“I am convinced”: Stopford-Sackville, II:192.
362“Believe me, my dear Lord”: Stopford-Sackville, II:192.
363“Be assured, my Lord”: Stopford-Sackville, II:193.
363“Washington,” he wrote Germain: Stopford-Sackville, II:194.
364“the Trees and Earth”: Washington, weather diary, March–May 1780.
364“a country overflowing”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 355.
365Washington, meanwhile . . . young officers: Chernow, 364.
365“[W]hat were our feelings”: Seaver, 74.
365“When the snow”: Seaver, 75.
366“inconsiderable people”: Graymont, 227.
366“four disaffected Indians”: O’Callaghan, VIII:797.
367They burned their villages: Graymont, The Iroquois in the American Revolution, 235.
368“You are now my prisoner”: Graymont, 235.
369“If now you choose”: Seaver, 78.
369“as a compliment”: Abler, Cornplanter, 54.
Chapter 16: Numberless Meteors Gleaming Through the Atmosphere
370“I fled from my tormentor”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 47.
372“melancholy habits”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 54.
373“unjust and unprovoked”: Hume and Smollett, 6:186.
373“the actual dishonour”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 57.
375“The war of the Americans”: Fox, Speeches of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox, 31.
375“a coward”: Toynbee, 11:309.
376“The giddiness of extreme youth”: Coghlan, Memoirs, 59.
376“pressed so closely”: Chernow, 378.
377“Arnold has betrayed us!”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 386.
377“a title”: Brookhis
er, Founding Father, 37.
378“for three years past”: Alexander Hamilton to Philip Schuyler, February 18, 1781. “From Alexander Hamilton to Philip Schuyler, 18 February 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-02-02-1089.
379“I must tell you, sir”: Alexander Hamilton to Philip Schuyler, February 18, 1781. “From Alexander Hamilton to Philip Schuyler, 18 February 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-02-02-1089.
379“I request, in pointed terms”: George Washington to Benjamin Harrison Sr., March 21, 1781.
380On January 29: Johnston, Record of Connecticut Men in the Military and Naval Service During the War of Revolution, 363, http://historicbuildingsct.com/?p=8282.
380Of the 330 men: Barnes, 44.
381Cuff Smith . . . something to happen: Johnston, Record of Connecticut Men, 302.
381“calm . . . calculated . . . admirable”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 435.
382“soldiers composed of men”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 434–435.
382In Haddam, meanwhile. . . . on Fishers Island: Grace Denison Wheeler, Homes of Our Ancestors in Stonington, Conn., 67.
383he did a bit of business: Haddam Town Land Records, X:297, 334.
383“To all People”: Haddam Town Land Records, X:297, 334.
383The decision to focus. . . . mounted from there: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 418.
384“My situation here is very distressing”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 417.
385“considerable part of our force”: Stopford-Sackville, 212.
385“to discover Mr. Washington’s true design”: Stopford-Sackville, 212.
385“I begin, at this Epoch”: Washington, Diaries, May 1781.
386“unaffected cheerfulness”: Flexner, George Washington and the American Revolution, 435.
386On August 14 . . . for the Chesapeake: Washington, Diaries, August 14, 1781.
387“the feeble compliance”: Washington, Diaries, August 14, 1781.
387“with 28 Sail”: Washington, Diaries, September 5, 1781.
388“I have never seen”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 443.
389“small and fat”: Chernow, 410.
389“settled most points”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 452.
389“reducible to calculation”: George Washington to Francois-Joseph de Grasse, September 25, 1781.
391Sir, I propose a cessation: Cornwallis, Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis of Cornwallis, 1:523.
391“an ardent desire”: Cornwallis, 1:524.
391“ten thousand stars”: Scheer and Rankin, 491.
Chapter 17: The Cause of Humanity
395“a daring and outrageous”: London Gazette, November 24, 1781.
395“of Lord Cornwallis”: Walpole, Last Journals, 2:378.
395“like a ball”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 439; Lecky, A History of England in the Eighteenth Century, 5:122.
396“obstinately, fatally pursued”: Parliamentary History of England, 22:802.
396“ceased to be formidable”: Parliamentary History of England, 22:804.
396“Peace with America”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 447.
397“above all I must”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 445.
397“If you consider”: Stopford-Sackville, 2:216–220.
398“Am I out?”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 452.
398“to dispose of me”: Valentine, Lord George Germain, 454.
399“a person who in his military character”: Parliamentary History of England, 22:999–1006.
399“the capture of York Town”: Parliamentary History of England, 22:1020.
399“the author of all”: Parliamentary History of England, 22:1001.
399“a servant who shewed”: Parliamentary History of England, 22:1013.
400“I have no hope”: Anderson, Forgotten Patriot, 339.
400“guide the torrent”: Hamilton, Papers of Alexander Hamilton, 254–255. “To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 13 February 1783,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-10638.
401“end in blood”: Hamilton, Papers of Alexander Hamilton, 278. “To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 4 March 1783,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-03-02-0171.
401“pass the remainder”: George Washington, Circular Letter of Farewell to the Army, June 8, 1783.
401“shewn to all, but to military”: Lewis Nicola to George Washington, May 22, 1782.
401“Sir, With a mixture”: George Washington to Colonel Lewis Nicola, May 22, 1782.
402“to the army”: Washington, Circular to the States, June 3, 1783.
403“a heart full of love”: Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution, 524.
404Ke-koi-no-us: Abler, Cornplanter, 202.
404Burnt House: Abler, Cornplanter, 57.
404moved yet again: Abler, Chainbreaker, 203.
405“shameful and unpardonable”: Graymont, 261.
405“were not abandoned”: Parliamentary History of England, 23:410.
406In September 1783 . . . their options: Abler, Cornplanter, 61.
406“ill winds blow”: Abler, Cornplanter, 64.
406“The American cause”: Neville Craig, ed., Olden Time, 2:428–429.
407his infant child: Abler, Cornplanter, 65–66.
408“all men are created equal”: Menschel, “Abolition Without Deliverance,” 189.
409“I never could”: Smith, Narrative, 30.
409Shortly after: Brainerd, Court Papers of Ezra Brainerd, 1784 to 1798, Thankful Arnold House, Haddam, Connecticut.
410“assaulted, beat, wounded”: Brainerd, Court Papers of Ezra Brainerd, 1784 to 1798.
412And so they set out . . . in society: Elizabeth Gooch, Life of Mrs. Gooch, 136.
413“I know as well”: Flanders, H., ed. Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, 276.
414“Well done, Harry!”: Flanders, Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, 274.
414his baker’s surname: Flanders, Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, 323.
414Very occasionally . . . hacked down: Toynbee, VII:250.
415“I have done”: Cumberland, Memoirs, 279.
Chapter 18: Rough Hewer
416“I am reather Suspitious”: Abraham Yates to David Howell, August 29, 1785, in Yates Papers, NYPL, Reel 1, Piece 168; Bielinski File, NYSL.
417“a man whose ignorance”: Alexander Hamilton to Robert Morris, August 13, 1782. “From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Morris, 13 August 1782,” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-03-02-0057-0001.
417“an office as it were”: Abraham Yates to James Duane, September 7, 1782, in Yates Papers, NYPL; Bielinski File, NYSL.
419“the Yates’ and their Associates”: Alexander Hamilton to Robert Livingston, April 25, 1785. “From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Livingston, [25 April 1785],” Founders Online, National Archives, last modified March 30, 2017, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-03-02-0428.
419“The blunt Rough Hewer”: Gilje and Pencak, New York in the Age of the Constitution, 154.
420“a Suspitious Man”: Abraham Yates to Jeremiah van Rensselaer and Henry Acthandt, August 29, 1787, in Yates Papers, NYPL; Bielinski File, NYSL.
420presented a skin: Abler, Chainbreaker, 169–170.
421“The offer that was made”: Abler, Chainbreaker, 170.
421along the shore of Lake Erie: Abler, Thomas, Chainbreaker, 170–171.
421in front of the town courthouse: Pennsylvania Gazette, April 12, 1786.
422“Captain O’Bail”: Pennsylvania Gazette, April 12, 1786.
423About 30 miles: Abler, Chainbreaker, 173–174.
423It must have been utterly bewildering: Walsh, 83–84.
424“Brothers,” he began: New York Daily Advertiser, April 25, 1786.
426The goodwill extended: Merle Deardorff, “The Cornplanter Grant,” 9.
426“QUEENS-WARE quart MUGS”: New York Daily Advertiser, April 27, 1786, 1.
427“the King of England”: Journals of the Continental Congress, May 5, 1786.
428Cornplanter and his men: Overton, “Commentary on Deardorff’s Notes Concerning Bartoli’s Portrait of Cornplanter.”
428“At length my Dear Marquis”: George Washington to Lafayette, February 1, 1784.
429“Our sincere Congratulations”: The Citizens of Fredericksburg to George Washington, February 14, 1784.
429“my grammatical publications”: Noah Webster to George Washington, July 18, 1785.
429“in the prosecution”: George Washington to Noah Webster, April 17, 1786.
430“I would never have drawn my sword”: Lafayette to George Washington, July 14, 1785.
430“there is not a man living”: George Washington to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786.
430“a federal spirit”: James Madison to George Washington, November 1, 1786.
431“some outlines”: James Madison to George Washington, April 16, 1787.
432Abraham Yates stepped . . . boarding here: Abraham G. Lansing to Abraham Yates Jr., April 8 1787. Yates Papers, NYPL, Reel 1, Piece 183; Bielinski File, New York State Library (hereafter, NYSL).
432“remedy defects of the federal government”: George Washington to James Madison, November 5, 1786.
433“an elective despotism”: Richard Henry Lee to John Lamb, June 27, 1788, John Lamb Papers, New-York Historical Society.
434He and Anna now had: Baptismal Records, Reformed Dutch Church of Albany.
434“a small Cake”: Abraham G. Lansing to Abraham Yates Jr., April 8 1787, in Yates Papers, NYPL, Reel 1, Piece 183; Bielinski File, NYSL.
434“my forbodings”: Robert Yates to Abraham Yates Jr., June 1, 1787, in Yates Papers, NYPL, Reel 1, Piece 184; Bielinski File, NYSL.
435“thanked the Convention”: James Madison, Debates in the Several State Conventions, 5:124.
435“The United States of America”: Madison, Debates, 5:126–129.
437Washington dined: Washington, Diaries, July 2, 1787.
437He went fishing: Washington, Diaries, July 1787.
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