Cayugas, 54, 58
at Albany Conference, 98
obliteration of, 357
Cedars, battle of, 275
Chapman, Jabez, 296, 299
Chapman, Timothy, 228, 297, 299
Charles I, King of England, 17
Charleston, S.C., 165
as British base, 380
fall of, 363, 364
Charming Susanna, 51, 65, 66, 67, 226, 519n
Cherokees, 59, 406
Cherry Valley, 348–49, 353
Chesapeake, 363, 384, 386–88
de Grasse’s arrival in, 387–88
Washington’s move to, 386–89
Chester, Pa., 388
Chickasaws, 59
Christianity, 442, 479, 503
Church, Charles, 225–26
Church of England, 24
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 428
class system, 62–63, 419–20
Clinton, George, 334–35, 358, 433, 449, 450, 472
Clinton, Henry:
Arnold’s contacting of, 377
in battle of Monmouth, 344–45
and battle of Yorktown, 390, 391
made Howe’s successor, 341, 371
pessimistic about war, 362
Philadelphia evacuated by, 343–44
southern invasion planned by, 342, 346, 363, 383–84, 385
and trapping of Cornwallis, 387
Washington’s desire to attack, 344, 381
Clinton, Thomas, 371
Code of Handsome Lake, 501, 507
Coercive (Intolerable) Acts, 197, 229
Coghlan, John, 293, 295, 374, 472
abuse by, 336–37
on Cook’s voyage, 327
death of, 498
fighting by, 327–28
in moves to Wales, 336–37
plans to move to England, 326–27
in raids on Washington’s army, 326
Thomas Clinton threatened by, 371
Coghlan, Margaret Moncrieffe, 504
abuse of, 336–37
arrest of, 467
and battle at Brandywine Creek, 326
Beckett’s affair with, 458–59
birth of, 151–52
Clinton left by, 374–75
in confrontation with soldiers, 250
in convent, 372
Dalrymple’s affair with, 457–58
daughter born to, 412
death faked by, 446–47, 498, 551–52n
death of baby of, 443
in debtor’s prison, 467–68, 486, 495, 498
debts of, 443–44, 445–46, 457, 459–60, 467, 468, 471, 495, 552n
disappearance of, 498
and father’s decision to fight with British, 8
father’s letter to, 257–58
father’s relationship with, 153, 200, 373
Fazakerley’s affair with, 411–12, 441
flair for self-promotion of, 8
forced marriage rejected by, 8, 293–94, 295, 338–39, 370–71, 374
Fox’s love affair with, 373–76, 396, 411, 412
George III asked for help by, 497–98
Giffard’s affair with, 444–45, 446
on Grand Tour of Europe, 411, 441
Hervey’s affair with, 441, 442–43
and husband’s war duties, 326
ideological descendants of, 506
Irish education of, 152–53
at Jay’s house, 201–2, 204
in Kingsbridge, 263
in love with Burr, 263–64, 293, 336, 374, 497
at masquerade ball, 440–41
memoirs written by, 468, 470–72, 485–86, 491, 552n
in New York during Revolution, 248–49, 289, 290, 291, 292
plays watched by, 292, 375
pregnancies of, 376, 443, 467–68
Putnam asked for assistance by, 251, 258–59
at Putnam house, 259–60
Putnam toasted by, 264–65
in return to America, 199–200
in reunion with father, 265, 280, 289
Robert Livingston asked for assistance by, 495–96
second stepmother loved by, 201
set up in home by Gage, 372–73
as taken advantage of by Clinton, 371
in Wales, 326–27, 336–39, 370
wedding of, 289, 295, 296
William Livingston asked for assistance by, 251, 258
Cohoes, 63
Collingwood, James, 49–50, 51, 65
Commentaries (Julius Caesar), 42
Committee of Correspondence, New York, 241
Common Sense: Addressed to the Inhabitants of America (Paine), 242–43, 294
Comstock, Gedion, 122
Conawaugus, 55, 80, 214, 217, 274, 275, 301, 347–48
Concord, Battle of, 206, 207–9, 210, 228, 232, 240, 241, 312
Congregational Church, 507
Congress, U.S.:
bills of credit issued by, 359
Madison’s complaints about, 430, 431
Treaty of Paris ratified by, 407–8
Washington’s advice to, 430–31
Yates’s worries about powers of, 416
Congress of the Confederation, 426–27
Connecticut, 69, 70, 128
slave laws in, 186
slavery abolished in, 408–9
Connecticut River, 296, 383
conservatives, and writing of New York Constitution, 287–88
Constitution, British, 157, 165
Constitution, U.S.:
amendments to, 449, 450
Convention’s passing of, 438–39, 447
presidential oath in, 455
ratification of, 447–52
Constitutional Convention, 431, 446
chaotic nature of, 436–37
Madison’s plans for, 431, 432, 433
opposition to, 433
rules of, 435
slavery issue at, 437, 438
start of, 434
Virginia plan, 435, 436–37
Washington made president of, 434
Contades, Marquis de, 136
Continental Congress, First:
disagreements in, 204–5
resolves of, 205–6
Continental Congress, Second, 207, 212–14, 350, 411
Articles of Confederation adopted by, 358
in chaos, 400
and final break with Britain, 244
independence declared by, 252–54, 272
Indian affairs managed by, 243
and meeting with Iroquois, 214–17
money raised by, 358–60, 364
public performances banned by, 291
shadow governments desired by, 239
state governments desired by, 286
Washington expected to fight by, 248
and Washington’s plan for burning of New York, 269
continental loan officers, 358–60, 364, 416–17
Conway, Thomas, 317
Cook, James, 327
Cork, Ireland, 328, 337
corn, 28–29, 34
Cornplanter (Kayéthwahkeh), xvi
and Albany Conference, 98
at Albany meeting with representatives of Congress, 218, 274
alcohol opposed by, 500–501
American colonists’ meeting with, 214–17
American might accepted by, 407
appearance of, 1, 60, 197
and attack on Wells’s house, 348
beliefs of, 273–74
birth of, 55, 519n
Brant’s insult to, 34
carriage accident of, 426, 428
in Cherry Hill battle, 348–49
children of, 482
Confederation Congress’s meeting with, 426–27
Creator’s message to, 503
death of, 506
and death of daughter, 407
and death of wife, 404
descendants of, 506–7
father of, 55–56, 57, 197–99, 367–69
fat
her’s meetings with, 197–99, 367–69, 501
fighting skills of, 60
in Fort Plain raid, 367–68
in Fort Schuyler battle, 309
and Fort Stanwix Treaty renegotiations, 482–83
in Forty Fort battle, 346–48
French and Indian War as viewed by, 141, 145
health problems of, 502
hunting by, 79–80
intelligence of, 59–60
Iroquois land given up by, 407, 420, 452, 462, 465
land sales opposed by, 502
made leader of Senecas, 218
marriage of, 197
in meeting with British over alliance, 301, 302, 303–4, 305–6
in move to meet with Congress, 421–22, 423
naming of, 55
neutrality in Revolution desired by, 3, 4, 274, 275, 303–4, 305, 348
in Oriska battle, 326
at Oswego conference, 2–3
Philadelphia speech by, 424–25
at Philadelphia spring festival, 424–26, 437, 463
philosophical temperament of, 2–3
in Pontiac’s Rebellion, 148, 149–50
portrait of, 428
and Quakers, 499–500
renewal of fight with Americans desired by, 366
in reunion with Abeel family, 501
sawmill built by, 498–99
stockade attacked by, 1–2
Sullivan’s battle with, 355–57
as trained fighter, 2–3
warfare learned by, 149–50
Washington’s meetings with, 463–67, 482, 483–85, 499, 553n
as worried about posterity, 484
Cornplanter Grant, 506–7
Cornplanter Town, 481–82, 499
Cornwallis, Charles:
at battle of Monmouth, 345
at battle at Yorktown, 390–91
Camden victory of, 380
in Coghlan’s book, 485
Lafayette’s harassing of, 384, 387
in move south, 363
in move to coast, 384
surrender of, 391, 395–96
Washington’s desire to attack, 381
Washington’s plan to trap, 387
Yorktown taken over by, 389–90
Cosby, William, 115
council, Albany, 64–65, 95, 98, 168–69, 192, 193, 236, 241, 474
Creeks, British betrayal discussed by, 406
Crown Point, 111
Culpeper County, 44–45
Cumberland, Richard, 412–13, 414
Cumberland, William, Duke of, 39, 84, 103, 105
Currante, John, 50
Custis, Jack, 400
cutlasses, 51
Cuylers family, 63
Dagworthy, John, 126
Daily Advertiser, 424–25
Daily Universal Register, 446
Dalrymple, William, 457–58
Damer, George, 384–85
dancing, 42, 43
Day, Elisha, 410
debt assumption, 462
debtors’ prison, 445, 457, 460, 467–68
Declaration of Independence, 252–54, 287, 311, 409
Declaratory Act, 183
Deganawidah the Peacemaker, 58, 142, 366–67, 464
DeGeneres, Ellen, 506
De Hart, Sarah, 250
De Hart family, 250, 258, 259
Dehgewanus, 367
De Lancey, James, 113, 115, 117–18
De Lancey, Stephen, 241
Delaware, 455
Delaware Indians, 347–48
Delaware River, 283, 290
Democratic-Republicans:
Federalists vs., 476, 489–90
see also antifederalists
Denison, John, 224–25
Denkyira, 28
Denmark, 29, 49
De Peysters family, 62
Descartes, René, 6, 237
Destruction of the Tea, 194–95, 207
Detroit, Mich., 76
Dettingen, Battle of, 146
Dick, Charles, 106
Dickinson, John, 184
Dinwiddie, Robert, 83, 102, 105, 126, 128, 130
Ohio Company investment of, 77, 105, 159
taxes enforced by, 77
taxing Americans proposed by, 159, 160, 165
Washington chosen as messenger by, 75–76, 77, 78, 80
Washington chosen for spy mission by, 89
Washington offered command of Virginia Militia by, 124
Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., 381, 385
Dodd, William, 318
Dorchester Heights, 220, 221, 234
d’Orléans, Duc, 459
Drury Lane Theater, 375
Dublin, 23, 337–38
Dublin Castle, 24–25
Dublin College, 23
Dukandarra, 17–18, 27–28, 69, 71, 180
invasion and destruction of, 29–32, 46–47
Dunk, Georg Montagu, Earl of Halifax, 95
Dutch Reformed Church, 62–63, 64, 95, 114
Dutch West India Company, 194
dysentery, 50, 65
Eagle, 256, 257, 264
Earhart, Amelia, 506
East Haddam, Conn., 33, 228, 296, 332, 381, 382, 479, 507
East Haddam Landing, 298
East India Company, 194
Easton, Treaty of, 131, 146
Eden, William, 210
education, 469
Edwards, Daniel, 181–82
Eighty Years’ War, 238
elections, New York:
of 1777, 334–35
of 1778, 335–36
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 13, 17
Elizabethtown, N.J., 249–51
Elliott, Asa, 174
Emmerick, Captain, 235
England, see Great Britain
Enlightenment, 329, 353, 461, 470
Erie Canal, 502
Fairfax, George William, 45, 487
Fairfax, Sarah (Sally) Cary, 41, 486–87
Fairfax, Thomas, 41
Fairfax, William, 41–42, 43–44, 75–76, 124, 213, 454
Fairfax County, Va., 206
Fante, 28, 29, 48, 49
farmers, 240–41
Fauntleroy, Betsy, 46
Fauntleroy, William, 46
Fauquier, Francis, 130
Fazakerley, Samuel, 411–12, 441
Federal Hall, 455
Federalists, 416, 419
compromises by, 438
Democratic-Republicans vs., 476, 489–90
English alliance sought by, 488
Holt’s opposition to, 493
ratification of Constitution pushed by, 447–48, 450
rumors of Yates’s death spread by, 447
Yates vs., 416, 419, 447, 473, 474
Ferdinand of Brunswick, 135–36, 137, 138, 139, 140, 399
Ferrari, Mrs., 200
feudal government, 17, 154–55, 171, 471, 506
Fielding, Henry, 42
financial crisis, 158, 162
First Congretional Church, 120, 494
First Continental Congress, see Continental Congress, First
Fish Carrier, 277
Fishers Island, 68, 69, 70, 71–72, 80, 87–88, 100, 119, 122–23, 187, 383
Fishkill, N.Y., 269, 285
Fitzroy, Colonel, 152
Flint (Iroquois mythological figure), 54
Fonda, Isaac, 239
Fontenoy, Battle of, 146
Forbes, John, 129–30, 131
forced marriage, 8, 486
Forks of the Ohio, 306
abandoned by French, 135
Braddock’s march to, 103, 104–8, 312, 436
British control of, 131
Forbes’s expedition to, 129–31
Fort Duquesne on, see Fort Duquesne
French abandonment of, 135
meeting between Iroquois and colonists at, 214–17
plan for British fort on, 77–78
Washington’s march to, 89–91
Fort Cumberland, 105–6, 123–24
, 129, 130
Fort Dayton, 308
Fort Detroit, 148
Fort Dinwiddie, 125
Fort Duquesne, 89, 107–9
first battle at, 108–9, 110, 123, 125, 130, 141, 144, 152, 209, 312, 519n
French abandonment of, 130, 131
second battle at, 130
Fort Knyphausen, 282
Fort Le Boeuf, 80, 83, 463
Fort Necessity, 91, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 124, 144
Fort Niagra, 145, 366
Fort Pitt, 131, 306
Indian siege of, 148–49
Iroquois meeting with American colonists at, 214–17
Fort Plain, 198, 367–68, 369, 501
Fort Schuyler, 306–8
Fort Stanwix, 306, 404, 406–7, 420–21
Fort Stanwix Treaty, 420–21, 423, 427, 462
Iroquois rejection of, 421, 465, 466, 482
negotiation of, 404, 406–7
renegotiation of, 482–83
Fort Ticonderoga, 311
Fortune, 81–82, 87–88
Fort Washington, 281–82
Fort William Henry, 121
48th regiment, British, 111
Forty Fort, 346–48
Fox, Charles James, 396, 442
in Coghlan’s book, 485
Coghlan’s love affair with, 373–76, 396, 411, 412
Germain criticized by, 323, 324
France, 319, 360, 373
in alliance with Senecas, 143, 301
in American Revolution, 337–38, 339, 341–43, 359, 385
in attack on New York, 382
fleet sent to aid Washington by, 386
Franklin’s negotiations with, 339
in French Revolution war with Britain, 473
Gold Coast trading by, 49
Munsee’s desire to fight, 145
North American colonies of, 76–77, 83, 86, 134–35
North American forts built by, 77, 95, 103, 145, 146
North American holdings ceded to British by, 147, 149, 158
Treaty of Paris signed by, 413–14
U.S. preparations for war with, 488, 490, 493
in War of Austrian Succession, 37–40
Washington’s threat of war delivered to, 75–76, 77–78, 84
Franklin, Benjamin, 242, 257, 422
at Albany conference, 96, 97, 105
Braddock’s army supplied by, 105
at Constitutional Convention, 434, 435
in meeting with British leaders, 212
military road in Pennsylvania pushed by, 129
in negotiations over Treaty of Paris, 401
in negotiations with France, 339
on Second Continental Congress, 212
Fraunces, Samuel, 403
Frederick II, king of Prussia, 135
Fredericksburg, Va., 34–36, 379, 429
freedom, 6, 7, 157, 158, 172, 209, 210, 229, 238, 291
among ordinary people, 239
among soldiers, 254
discussed at First Continental Congress, 205
and focus on individuals, 7, 8, 16, 156, 187, 206–7, 229, 237, 329, 436, 459
Fox on, 374–75
as important to Yates, 238–39
Iroquois notion of, 277, 352–53, 503
and New York constitution, 286
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