A People's Art History of the United States: 250 Years of Activist Art and Artists Working in Social Justice
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Socialist Party of America, 99–100, 102, 105
Socialist Realism, 174
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade (SEAST), 24, 25, 26
soldiers, African American. See African American soldiers
soldiers, veteran. See veterans.
soldiers in political cartoons, 106, 106, 107
solidarity, global. See global solidarity
Solman, Joseph, 163
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. See Guggenheim Museum
Sons of Liberty, 16, 18, 309n23
Southern Chivalry (Magee), 32, 32
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 332nn3–4, 332n22
Southern Documentary Project, 197–98, 333n27
Southern Farmers’ Alliance, 322n4
Southern Ideas of Liberty, 30–31, 31
Soviet films, 137, 141, 142, 143, 324n2, 325n18
Soviet Union, 133, 137, 143, 155, 169, 174, 175, 319n24
Spain, 329n19
Spanish Civil War, 163, 174
SPARC. See Social and Public Art Resource Center (SPARC)
spectacle, 112, 297, 299–300
Spies, August, 72
spray-painting. See graffiti; stencil art
Spraypaint LACMA, 249, 250, 339n23
staged scenes in photography, 48, 51–52, 56–57
Stalin, Josef, 174, 175
Stamp Act, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 309n19, 309n23
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 111
Stanton, Harriot. See Blatch, Harriot Stanton
Stapleton homeport (Staten Island, New York), 263–68
The Star of Ethiopia (pageant), 121, 322n2
statues. See Haymarket Martyr’s Monument; Police Monument, Chicago
Stavenitz, Alex R., 171
Stearns, Charles B., 34
Stearns, George L., 40
Stein, Harold, 160
stencil art, 263–68, 266, 267
stereopticon, 68
stereotypes and stereotyping, 53, 59, 60, 132, 290, 320n11
Sternberg, Harry, 172–73, 172
Stevens, Doris, 111, 119, 120
stickers, 89, 90
Still, William, 34, 311n1
Stone, Lucy, 111
Story, William Wetmore, 43
strategy
ACT UP, 255
antislavery, 23
colonial, 5
Communist, 144, 169
feminist, 236, 241
Riis’s, 68
Sons of Liberty, 18
street theater, 17, 18–19, 242–51, 287–92
strikes, 71–72, 102–3, 104, 135, 137, 138, 141
artists’, 160, 217–18
See also general strikes; hunger strikes; Paterson Silk Strike, 1913; rent strikes
The Struggle for Negro Rights, 329n18
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 188–98, 332n3, 333n33
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 76
suffragists. See women’s suffrage movement
Sumner, Charles, 31–32, 32, 43
Supremacist Composition (Malevich), 211, 212
Supreme Court. See U.S. Supreme Court
SurvivaBalls, 300–303
Susquehannock people, 2, 306n19
tactics, xii, 19, 68–69
AIDS activist, 253–54, 261
AWC, 217
Black Panther, 200, 209
Chicano, 251
FBI, 209
IWW, 90
SNCC, 189, 197
suffragist, 114, 115–16, 118
Takis, Vassilaki, 215, 216
Tanforan Assembly Center, 178, 179–80, 179, 180
Tanner, Henry, 310n4
Taos Pueblo Fiesta Races Dancers (Beam), 53
Tavin, Kevin, 298
taxation, 16, 58
television, 240–41, 250, 254, 273, 296–99, 302
temporary actions (public intervention). See public interventions
tenement life, 60–69, 63, 66, 67
Terkel, Studs, 81
theater, 35–38, 87–88, 92–97, 98, 154, 318–19n20, 319n22. See also street theater
theater set design, 201
theft, artistic and literary. See plagiarism
Third World liberation struggles, 203, 203, 205
Three Weeks in May (1977 performance), 236–38, 337n5
Throssel, Richard, 48, 49, 54–59, 55, 56, 57, 58, 314n28
Tibet, 270–71
Tilden-Hayes election. See Hayes-Tilden election
To Aid Democracy in Spain (exhibition), 174
Toche, Jean, 211–12, 214
Topaz War Relocation Center, 180–82, 181, 182, 183, 183, 184–85, 186
Townsend, Hannah, 29
Townsend, Mary, 29
Trachtenberg, Alexander, 328n4
trade unions. See unions
train stations, 155, 278, 279–85
treaty councils, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
trees: planting of, 264, 270. See also Liberty Tree, Boston
Tresca, Carlo, 88, 91, 93, 94, 95, 318n7
trials, political. See political trials
Tricontinental, 205
Truman, Harry, 186
Tsinhnahjinnie, Hulleah J., 53–54
Tule Lake Internment Camp, 183, 186
Tumulty, Joseph, 116
Turner, Don, 82
Turner, John Michael, 295
Turner, Joseph, 280
Underground Railroad, 311n1
Unemployed Artists Group, 147, 157–58, 326n2
unemployment, 135, 138–39, 147, 148, 151, 157, 159, 165, 200
Union Carbide, 296, 297, 298
Union League Club of Chicago, 75, 316n4
unions, 163, 164–66, 170–71, 216, 218, 219
United American Artists, 165, 166
United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), 42, 43
United Office Workers and Professional Workers of America (UOPWA), 165, 166
universities and colleges, 193, 224–29, 233, 235
Up from Slavery (Washington), 46–47
Upshaw—Apsaroke (Curtis), 52
urban rebellions, 200, 201
U.S. Congress, 31–32, 43, 160, 118–19, 192
House Committee on An-American Activities, 153, 154
U.S. Constitution: amendments, 42, 118–19, 119
U.S. Marine Corps recruiting stations, 242
U.S. Navy homeports, 263–68
US Organization, 206
U.S. Post Office. See postal service
U.S. Supreme Court, 27–28, 182, 322n3, 331n15
Vachon, John, 155
Valdez, Patssi, 242, 244, 246, 246, 248, 248, 249, 338n14, 339n23
Valentine, Robert G., 56
Van Cleave, Bill, 281, 282
vandalism, 71, 261, 317n15. See also destruction of artwork, monuments, etc. (as protest); graffiti
vanguardism, 204, 205, 209
The Vanishing Race—Navajo (Curtis), 51, 51
van Raay, Jan, 215, 218, 223
Vazquez-Pacheco, Robert, 341n24
veterans: public interventions, actions, etc., 286, 287–95
Veterans for Peace, 290
Vietnam War, xi, 211–12, 212–13, 214, 216, 217, 336n30
Chicanos in, 243–44
See also My Lai massacre
Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), 343–44n6
vigils, pickets, etc. See pickets, vigils, etc.
Villard, Oswald, 131
violence, 282–83
against artists (potential), 242–43
Black Panther Party use of, 199, 200, 202, 203, 206–8, 207
Native American, 206n13, 306n19
against women, 235–41
against women suffragists, 114, 116, 117–18
See also Civil War; Iraq War; lynching; murder; nonviolence; police brutality; Vietnam War; World War I; World War II
“visual artist” (term), xii
Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990, 336n24
visual lectures. See lect
ures, visual
Vlag, Piet, 101
voter registration drives, 193, 198
voting rights, 14–15, 42, 122. See also women’s suffrage movement
Waco, Texas, 127–29
Wagner Act, 148, 216
Waitresses (performance group), 231, 232
Waldheim Cemetery, 73–74, 74, 80, 81
Walker, Wyatt Tee, 191, 332n3
Walking Mural (Asco), 246–47, 246
Wallace, Mike, 220
Wampanoag people, 306n13
wampum, 1–10, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 306n13, 306n16
Ward, Lynd, 167, 175
war memorials, 39–40, 39, 43–47, 44, 46
War Relocation Authority (WRA), 178, 186–87, 331n25
war veterans. See veterans
Washing Silk (performance), 271, 271
Washington, Booker T., 45–47
Washington, DC
protests, demonstrations, etc., 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115–17, 117, 118
public interventions, 286, 287–92, 288, 289, 290, 292
Washington, Harold, 82, 317n17
Washington, Jesse, 127, 128
water gardens, 269–77
Watson, Madeleine, 117
wealthy people. See rich people
Weatherman (group), 76, 77
Weber, John Pitman, 78, 79
Weber, Max, 171, 174
Weinert, Albert, 74
Weinstein, Cindy, 67
Weinstock, Clarence, 164–65
Weld, Theodore: American Slavery As It Is, 29
Wells, Ida B., 322n6
Western Classics from the Land of the Indian (Throssel), 58
Whalen, Grover, 139
wheat-pasting, 204, 255, 256
White, Walter Francis, 329n18
White House: protests and pickets at, 110, 111, 115–17, 117
Whitney Museum of American Art, 158, 217
Wilberforce, William, 26
Wilding, Faith, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 229
Williams, Julia, 328n4
Williams, Robert F., 133
Wilson, Woodrow, 130
Eastman support for, 107, 321n25
endorsement of racist novel and film, 131
Espionage Act lobbying, 99
suffragist relations, 110, 111, 112, 114–15, 118–19, 120
witch hunts, 144, 154
Wobblies. See Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
Wolcott, Josiah, 35
Womanhouse, 227–29
Woman’s Building, Los Angeles, 229–34, 230, 233
Woman’s Party. See National Woman’s Party
women, Iroquois, 307n31
women, middle-class. See middle-class women
women artists, 217, 224–34
Chicana, 242, 244, 246, 248, 279–85, 338n14, 339n23
Japanese American, 176, 177–87, 330n9, 331n14, 331n24
women’s art schools, 229, 231, 232, 233
women’s rights, 14, 21
Women’s Rights Convention, Seneca Falls, New York, 1848, 111
Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), 112
women’s spaces, 227–28, 229–34, 230, 233
women’s suffrage movement, 110, 111–20
workday
eight-hour, 71, 73, 78, 79, 317n17
ten-hour, 87
Workers Camera Club, 138
Workers’ Cultural Center, San Francisco. See Ruthenberg House, San Francisco
Workers Film and Photo League (F&PL), 135, 137, 138–44, 137, 324n2, 325n27
Workers International Relief (WIR), 135, 137, 138, 141, 143
Workers Party of America, 109
working-class resistance and revolts, 16, 21
Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project (WPA-FAP), 147–48, 148, 149–55, 157, 158–61, 163, 169, 177
historiography, 326n10
posters, 150
World Trade Organization (WTO), 344n2
World War I, 99, 105, 115
World War II, 174, 175. See also Japanese American internment camps
WRA. See War Relocation Authority (WRA)
Wright, Eli, 293, 295
Wyoming Territory legislature, 112
X, Malcolm. See Malcolm X
Yarfitz, Denise, 232
Yasui, Minoru, 182
Yes Men, 296–303, 344n2
Young, Alfred E., 20, 21
Young, Andrew, 191
Young, Art, 97, 101, 103, 105, 106–7, 107, 108, 167
Young, Frank, 254
Zellner, Robert, 191
Zhang Ji Hai, 273, 275
Zinn, Howard, ix, xvii, 264