Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign that Changed America
Page 89
94. Ibid.
95. Michael McShane, in discussion with the author.
96. Martin Schram, “Kennedy's Intensified Rhetoric Fuels '80 Speculation,” Washington Post, June 11, 1979, A1.
97. T. R. Reid, “Kennedy to Declare Nov. 7 in Boston,” Washington Post, October 30, 1979, A1.
98. Les Brown, “‘Teddy’ on CBS Sunday,” New York Times, November 1, 1979, C19.
99. Roland Perry, Hidden Power: The Programming of the President (New York: Beaufort Books, 1984), 74.
100. Clymer, Edward M. Kennedy, 286–87.
101. Roland Perry, Hidden Power, 77.
102. Clymer, Edward M. Kennedy, 286.
103. James R. Dickenson and Duncan Spencer, “Gov. Brown Launches His Run for Presidency,” Washington Star, November 8, 1979, A1.
104. Associated Press, “Public Would Back Retaliation, Poll Shows,” Washington Star, November 30, 1979, A1.
CHAPTER 4: THE FRONT-WALKER
1. Charles R. Black, in discussion with the author, March 20, 2006.
2. Ibid.; Ernie Angelo, in discussion with the author, November 13, 2006.
3. Albert R. Hunt, “Reagan Strategist Surveys Scene—and Picks a Winner,” Wall Street Journal, August 30, 1979, 18.
4. “Sears: Reagan's High-Roller,” Time, August 16, 1976.
5. John Sears, in discussion with the author, July 26, 2006.
6. Ibid.
7. Peter Hannaford, in discussion with the author, March 24, 2006.
8. Joseph E. Persico, Casey: From the OSS to the CIA (New York: Viking, 1990), 176.
9. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan Campaign Said to Be in Debt as Donations Lag,” New York Times, September 6, 1979, B11.
10. Al Martinez, “Presidential Campaigns: Money Plus Manpower,” Los Angeles Times, November 1, 1979, I1.
11. Doug Bandow, in discussion with the author, October 10, 2006.
12. Robert Scheer, “‘California Cronies’ Have Reagan's Ear,” Los Angeles Times, June 26, 1980, A9.
13. Richard Bergholz, “Former Aide Says Reagan Staff Is Too Big, Arrogant,” Los Angeles Times, October 27, 1979.
14. Jim Lake, in discussion with the author, September 19, 2006.
15. Martinez, “Presidential Campaigns.”
16. Jim Lake, in discussion with the author, September 19, 2006.
17. Martinez, “Presidential Campaigns.”
18. Ibid.
19. Adam Clymer, “Kennedy Candidacy a Big Topic at Michigan Republican's Parley,” New York Times, September 24, 1979, A17.
20. Ronald Reagan, Reagan: A Life in Letters, ed. Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson (New York: Free Press, 2003), 232–33.
21. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan Urges Senate to Reject Arms Pact, but His Tone Is Softer,” New York Times, September 16, 1979, 39.
22. “Reagan, Already the Front Runner, Formally Enters GOP Race Tuesday,” Washington Star, November 11, 1979, A4.
23. Hedrick Smith, “Candidates Running for Visibility in New Hampshire,” New York Times, September 17, 1979, A22.
24. “Republicans Take Turns Criticizing Kennedy as Haig Hints He Will Run,” New York Times, September 30, 1979, 18.
25. James R. Dickenson, “Reagan Is Favorite at GOP Women's Meeting,” Washington Star, September 30, 1979, A1.
26. “Reagan's Jersey Backers Help Campaign at Dinner,” New York Times, October 1, 1979, B2.
27. Jeff Bell, in discussion with the author.
28. Terence Smith, “Aides Say Carter Will Enter Race On Dec. 4 and Make a 4-Day Tour,” New York Times, October 5, 1979, A21.
29. James Dickenson, “Reagan, Already the Front Runner, Formally Enters GOP Race Tuesday,” Washington Star, November 11, 1979, A4.
30. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Bush Easily Wins Iowa Straw Vote for Republican Presidential Choice,” New York Times, October 16, 1979, B10.
31. David Keene, in discussion with the author, March 17, 2006.
32. Richard Bond in discussion with the author, October 4, 2006.
33. Ibid.
34. Thom Mathews and Gerald C. Lubenow, “The Leading Man,” Newsweek, October 1, 1979, 20.
35. Adam Clymer, “Ford Rules Out Active Candidacy; Calls on Supporters to Back Others,” New York Times, October 20, 1979, 28.
36. Clymer, “Ford Rules Out Active Candidacy.”
37. George F. Will, “Connally's Recklessness Makes Reagan Look Better for GOP,” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 1979, C7.
38. Martin Schram, “Maine Vote Gave All the GOP Strategists a Surprise,” Washington Post, November 5, 1979, A2.
39. Richard L. Lyons, “Bush's Victory Surprises Baker in Maine Voting,” Washington Post, November 4, 1979, A1.
40. Schram, “Maine Vote Gave All the GOP Strategists a Surprise.”
41. Adam Clymer, “Poll Finds Reagan Keeping Lead; More Democrats Back Kennedy,” New York Times, November 6, 1979, A1.
42. Frank Lynn, “Reagan Plans New York Announcement of Candidacy,” New York Times, October 18, 1979, A17.
43. Lou Cannon, “Reagan Announces, Urges Strength at Home, Abroad,” Washington Post, November 14, 1979, A1.
44. Tom Mathews and Gerald C. Lubenow, “The Leading Man,” Newsweek, October 1, 1979, 20.
45. Will, “Connally's Recklessness Makes Reagan Look Better for GOP.”
46. Tom Wicker, “Up & Down in N.H.,” New York Times, October 30, 1979, A19.
47. Dickenson, “Reagan, Already the Front Runner.”
48. Jim Hooley, in discussion with the author.
49. Helene Von Damm, At Reagan's Side (New York: Doubleday, 1989), 106–9.
50. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Foundation Speeches, “Intent to Run for President; Official Announcement, November 13, 1979,” Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Foundation, http://www.reaganlibrary.com/reagan/speeches/speech.asp?spid=4.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan, Entering Presidency Race, Calls for North American ‘Accord,’” New York Times, November 14, 1979, A1.
54. Tom Raum, Associated Press, November 14, 1979.
55. James R. Dickenson, “Reagan Won't Debate Party Rivals,” Washington Star, November 14, 1979, A1.
56. Tom Raum, Associated Press, November 14, 1979.
57. Lou Cannon, “Reagan Refuses to Debate His GOP Opponents,” Washington Post, November 15, 1979, A3.
58. David Smick, in discussion with the author, October 18, 2006.
59. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan Bars Debate with Rivals for Fear of Dividing the G.O.P.,” New York Times, November 15, 1979, B16.
60. Adam Clymer, “Both Reagan and Rivals Are Depending on Early Victories,” New York Times, October 8, 1979, A14.
61. Bill Curry, “GOP Governors in No Hurry to Endorse,” Washington Post, November 20, 1979, A5.
CHAPTER 5: THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRYSIDE
1. Adam Clymer, “Reagan Wins a Poll of G.O.P. in Florida,” New York Times, November 18, 1979, 1.
2. Bill Peterson, “Republican Hopefuls Grasp at Straws in Iowa Wind,” Washington Post, October 15, 1979, A5.
3. Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover, “Concern for Reagan's Age Strongest Among Elderly,” Washington Star, December 26, 1979, A1.
4. Ibid.
5. Associated Press, January 6, 1980.
6. David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 6.
7. Adam Clymer, “The Pulse Remains Steady Across Iowa Heartland,” New York Times, January 20, 1980, E2.
8. William Serrin, “Down on the Farm, Changing Times Are Driving Many People to Find Work in Town,” New York Times, August 12, 1979, 20.
9. Clymer, “The Pulse Remains Steady Across Iowa Heartland.”
10. Ibid.
11. Tom Buckley, “‘Music Man's’ Music Man at 78,” New York Times, June 5, 1980, C17.
12. “Where Are the Pigs and Corn?” Time, February 4, 1980.
13. Ibid.
14. �
�Carter Denounces Russia's Intervention in Afghanistan,” Washington Star, December 29, 197, A5.
15. George F. Will, “Games People Shouldn't Play,” Washington Post, January 6, 1980, B7.
16. Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover, “Carter Sets a Political Time Bomb for Himself,” Washington Star, January 4, 1980, A3.
17. Ibid.
18. Robert H. Reid, “Afghans Continue Fierce Fighting,” Washington Post, January 3, 1980, A1.
19. Mike Deaver, in discussion with the author, October 18, 2006.
20. Nancy Reagan with William Novak, My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan (New York: Random House, 1989), 205.
21. Mike Deaver, in discussion with the author, October 18, 2006.
22. Jim Lake, in discussion with the author, September 19, 2006.
23. Mike Deaver, in discussion with the author, October 18, 2006.
24. Reagan with Novak, My Turn, 205.
25. Lou Cannon, Reagan (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1982), 239.
26. Mike Deaver, in discussion with the author, October 18, 2006.
27. Reagan with Novak, My Turn, 183.
28. Dick Wirthlin, in discussion with the author, November 8, 2006.
29. Lou Cannon, President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime (New York: Public Affairs, 1999, 2000), 46.
30. Bill Peterson, “Shaken by Election Loss, Baker Switches Managers,” Washington Post, November 17, 1979, A3.
31. Adam Clymer, “Optimistic Bush ‘Fired Up,’ Feels Drive ‘Is Moving,'” New York Times, November 23, 1979, A24.
32. George F. Will, “The Joy of Politics,” Newsweek, November 26, 1979, 128.
33. Jeb Bush, in discussion with the author, August 22, 2006; Washington Star, “George Bush: Urbane, Unflappable, Unknown,” October 28, 1979.
34. Maurice Carroll, “Bush, in Illinois, Pleased by Rapid Rise in Attention,” New York Times, November 30, 1979, A23.
35. Confidential interview with the author.
36. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Connally, Stumping Middle West, Intensifies His Attacks on Reagan,” New York Times, December 1, 1979, 39.
37. Ibid.
38. Hedrick Smith, “Optimism Is Fading for Reagan in Iowa,” New York Times, December 10, 1979, D10.
39. Ibid.
40. Adam Clymer, “Reagan's Fortunes in Iowa Caucuses Appear to Hang on Strength of Local Organizations,” New York Times, January 13, 1980, 20; Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “Reagan: Once Invincible, Now Invisible,” Washington Post, January 14, 1980, A23.
41. Lyn Nofziger, Nofziger (Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway, 1992), 205; Kenny Klinge, in discussion with the author, July 12, 2006.
42. Smith, “Optimism Is Fading for Reagan.”
43. Susan Drake, “Bush's Iowa Bandwagon,” Newsweek, September 3, 1979, 15; Richard Bond, in discussion with the author, October 4, 2006.
44. Memorandum by Arthur Finkelstein, Kenneth Klinge Archives Collection.
45. “The Strings on John Connally,” New York Times, December 13, 1979, A30.
46. Jack W. Germond, “Is Kennedy Flying…”, Washington Star, December 2, 1979, A4.
47. Philip Taubman, “With a Fortune Over $20 Million, Kennedy Is Wealthiest in '80 Race,” New York Times, December 30, 1979, 1.
48. Hedrick Smith, “Poll Finds Carter Leads Kennedy in a Reversal Among Democrats,” New York Times, December 12, 1979, A1.
49. Jeremiah O'Leary, “Carter, Kennedy Exchange Light Quips at Dinner for House Speaker O'Neill,” Washington Star, December 10, 1979.
50. Jack W. Germond, “Carter Needn't Win Early Test, Aide Says,” Washington Star, December 17, 1979, A3.
51. Hedrick Smith, “Reagan Challenged to Join Iowa Forum,” New York Times, December13, 1979, A20.
52. Ibid.
53. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan Suggesting Few New Programs,” New York Times, December 16, 1979, 38.
54. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan Is Undecided on Taking U. S. Funds In Primary Campaign,” New York Times, December 13, 1979, A20.
55. Adam Clymer, “Ford and His Old Advisers Meet to Talk Current Issues,” New York Times, December 15, 1979, 12.
56. Robert Lindsey, “Reagan Decides at the 11th Hour to Forgo Puerto Rico's Primary,” New York Times, December 15, 1979, 13.
57. Ronald D. White, “Rep. Crane's Wife Acquitted of Pet Law Charges,” Washington Post, December 19, 1979, B1.
58. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Connally Is Dropping His TV Drive for Primary Contests with Reagan,” New York Times, December 16, 1979, 36;Tom Morganthau, Tony Fuller, and James Doyle, “Connally Dials Back,” Newsweek, December 17, 1979, 49.
59. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Connally's Campaign Tactics,” New York Times, January 15, 1980, D14.
60. Hedrick Smith, “GOP Race Focuses on South Carolina,” New York Times, December 17, 1979, A21.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. Lindsey, “Reagan Suggesting Few New Programs.”
64. David Keene, in discussion with the author, March 17, 2006; Smith, “GOP Race Focuses on South Carolina.”
65. Tom Mathews, Eleanor Clift, Fred Coleman, Thomas M. DeFrank, and William E. Schmidt, “The Chill of a New Cold War,” Newsweek, January 14, 1980, 24.
66. “Held Hostage in Iran—60 Americans,” New York Times, November 11, 1979, E1; “State Dept. Issues Plea on the Hostages' Mail,” New York Times, December 14, 1979, A16.
67. United Press International, “U. S. Funds Allocated for Carter and Baker,” New York Times, December 21, 1979, A21.
68. Caroline Rand Herron and Daniel Lewis, “Connally Passes Up Matching Funds for a Free Rein,” New York Times, December 16, 1979, E4.
69. Dan Balz, “Anderson Climbs Uphill Toting Heavyweight Issues,” Washington Post, November 17, 1979, A2.
70. “Analysts See U. S. Economy Growing Again,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), December 22, 1979.
71. Robert Shogan, “Candidates as Thick as Corn as Caucuses Near,” Los Angeles Times, December 4, 1979, B1.
CHAPTER 6: THE ASTERISK ALSO RISES
1. Judy Daubenmier, “Bush Margin Drops as Tally Ends,” Associated Press, January 24, 1980.
2. James Wooten, “George Bush's Organization and His Own ‘Peddler’ Style of,” World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, January 22, 1980.
3. Bill Peterson, “Many See Threat Greatest to Reagan,” Washington Post, September 23, 1979, A1.
4. Lou Cannon, Reagan (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1982), 249.
5. Bill Peterson and Margot Hornblower, “Reagan Returns to WHO… What Hit Him?” Washington Post, January 19, 1980, A1.
6. John Maxwell, in discussion with the author, July 20, 2006.
7. Ibid.
8. James A. Baker III and Steve Fiffer, Work Hard, Study… and Keep Out of Politics! (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2006), 87.
9. Jim Lake, in discussion with the author, September 19, 2006.
10. Maurice Carroll, “Bush Campaign Is Flying, but Has It Really Taken Off?” New York Times, January 6, 1980, E4.
11. Andrew Schneider, “George Bush Exercises His Campaign Style,” Associated Press, January 10, 1980.
12. David Keene, in discussion with the author, May 12, 2009.
13. Laurence I. Barrett, Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House (New York: Penguin Books, 1983), 376–77.
14. Ibid, 377.
15. Jules Witcover, Marathon: The Pursuit of the Presidency, 1972–1976 (New York: Viking Press, 1977), 504.
16. Richard Bergholz, “GOP Candidates Differ on Iran, Grain; Chide Reagan,” Los Angeles Times, January 6, 1980, 1.
17. Ibid.
18. Charles Gibson, World News Tonight Sunday, ABC News Transcripts, January 6, 1980.
19. Jack W. Germond, “GOP's Iowa Debate Fails to Draw Blood,” Washington Star, January 6, 1980, A1; James R. Dickenson, “The Absent Reagan Looms Large at Des Moines Republican Debate,” Washington Star, January 6, 1980, A5.
20. Bill Peterson, “Though Main Tent Folded, the
Show Must Go On,” Washington Post, January 5, 1980, A2.
21. William Endicott, “Reagan Steps Up Criticism of Carter,” Los Angeles Times, January 9, 1980, B14.
22. Richard Bond, in discussion with the author, October 4, 2006.
23. David Smick, in discussion with the author, October 18, 2006.
24. Ibid.
25. “Reagan Popularity Drops In Iowa; Carter Tops Kennedy,” Associated Press, January 11, 1980.
26. James R. Dickenson, “Early Political Tests to Be Different This Year,” Washington Star, January 6, 1980, A3.
27. William F. Buckley Jr., On the Firing Line: The Public Life of Our Public Figures (New York: Random House, 1989), 178.
28. “Talking Politics: Ronald Reagan,” New York Times, January 2, 1980, A1.
29. Carroll, “Bush Campaign Is Flying.”
30. Wooten, World News Tonight Sunday, ABC News Transcripts, January 6, 1980.
31. United Press International, “President Leads Kennedy in Iowa Poll; Reagan Slips,” Los Angeles Times, January 11, 1980, A1.
32. Robert Shogan, “Carter Leads Kennedy 57% to 25% in Iowa Poll; Reagan Slips” Los Angeles Times, January 12, 1980, A6;“And Now It Begins—Sort Of,” Time, January 21, 1980.
33. Tom Jarriel, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, January 11, 1980.
34. John Laurence, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, January 11, 1980.
35. William Endicott, “Reagan's Strategy: Say What They Like to Hear,” Los Angeles Times, January 11, 1980, B6
36. Shogan, “Carter Leads Kennedy 57% to 25%.”
37. Albert R. Hunt, “Howard Baker Steers Center-Stream Tack in the GOP Regatta,” Wall Street Journal, October 23, 1979, 1.
38. Walter R. Mears, Associated Press, January 21, 1980.
39. Colman McCarthy, “Reagan: Not His Age, His Staleness,” Washington Post, January 20, 1980, E5.
40. William Endicott, “Reagan Facing Up to His Age by Flaunting It,” Los Angeles Times, January 18, 1980, A9.
41. “Campaign Notes,” Washington Post, January 18, 1980, A3.
42. Peterson and Hornblower, “Reagan Returns to WHO… What Hit Him?”
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. William F. Endicott, “Reagan Says Iran May Be Next Soviet Target,” Los Angeles Times, January 17, 1980, B19.
46. Margot Hornblower, “Iowa Politicians Say Bush May Extend Reagan,” Washington Post, January 21, 1980, A4.