Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign that Changed America

by Shirley, Craig

  44. David Keene, in discussion with the author, November 18, 2007.

  45. David S. Broder, Bill Peterson, Martin Schram, Lou Cannon, Dan Balz, and Maralee Schwartz, “GOP Game: Will Ford Deal Himself In?” Washington Post, March 6, 1980, A4.

  46. Clymer, “2 Major Issues Raised.”

  47. Bob Fick, “Dole Pulls Out of South Carolina Primary,” Associated Press, February 27, 1980.

  48. Clymer, “2 Major Issues Raised.”

  49. “Kissinger Urges Ford to Join the Presidential Race,” New York Times, March 9, 1980, 34.

  50. “Kissinger Urges Ford to Enter Race,” Miami Herald, March 9, 1980, 20A.

  51. Williams, DeFrank, and Kasindorf, “The GOP's Hamlet.”

  52. Bill Roeder, “Jerry Ford Would Reappoint Kissinger,” Newsweek, March 10, 1980, 23; Associated Press, “Ford Opens Door to Candidacy,” Burlington (VT) Free Press, March 3, 1980, 1A.

  53. Adam Clymer, “Ford Supporters Organize Group to Spur a Draft,” New York Times, March 7, 1980, A1.

  54. Max Robinson, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, March 7, 1980.

  55. Associated Press, “Ford Is Moving to a Candidacy as Groundswell Grows,” Newark (NJ) Star-Ledger, March 7, 1980, 1.

  56. Martin Schram and David S. Broder, “Prospective Candidacy Muted,” Washington Post, March 14, 1980, A1; Robert M. Andrews, “Ford Claims Broad Support to Enter GOP Race,” Associated Press, March 6, 1980; Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover, “Ford's Advisers Test Waters for Expected Entry,” Washington Star, March 11, 1980.

  57. David Keene, in discussion with the author, October 4, 2007.

  58. Ibid.

  59. Associated Press, “Ford Is Moving to a Candidacy.”

  60. “Reagan Returns Barb for Ford's Putdown,” Newark (NJ) Star-Ledger, March 3, 1980.

  61. “Kennedy, Bush Take Last Swipes at Carter Before Today's Vote,” Miami Herald, March 4, 1980, 12A.

  62. Tom Fiedler, “Ford to Run Again, Ex-Aide Reed Says,” Miami Herald, March 8, 1980, 16A.

  63. David Hoffman, “Optimistic Reagan Keeps Watchful Eye on Ford,” Miami Herald, March 11, 1980, 14A.

  64. Hedrick Smith, “Reagan Victorious in South Carolina by Decisive Margin,” New York Times, March 9, 1980, 1.

  65. Smith, “Reagan Victorious.”

  66. Bill Peterson, Jack Bass, Lou Cannon, and Martin Schram, “Reagan Crushes Connally, Bush in S. C.,” Washington Post, March 9, 1980, A1.

  67. Ellen Hume, “Connally Goes Home to ‘Reassess’ Campaign,” Los Angeles Times, March 9, 1980, A18.

  68. Bill Peterson and Tom Curtis, “The Best Roadshow in Politics Ends,” Washington Post, March 10, 1980, A1.

  69. Linda Kuntz Logan, United Press International, “Connally Describes Himself,” State (SC), March 5, 1980, B1.

  70. Patrick Riordan, “Connally's Big Purse Spent on ‘Junk Food,’” Miami Herald, March 11, 1980, 15A.

  71. Bill Peterson and Tom Curtis, “The Best Roadshow in Politics Ends,” Washington Post, March 10, 1980, A1.

  72. Bill Peterson, “Reagan Keeps Clean While Bush, Connally Sling Mud in S. C. Race,” Washington Post, March 5, 1980, A9.

  73. Associated Press, “Reagan Routs Foes in S. C. Vote,” Montgomery (AL) Advertiser, March 9, 1980, 1A.

  74. Frank Blanchard, “Reagan, Bush Said Close; Carter Leading Demos,” Montgomery (AL) Advertiser, March 4, 1980, 1.

  75. Peggy Roberson, “Candidates Pour Funds into Alabama Primary,” Montgomery (AL) Advertiser, March 10, 1980, 1; Associated Press, “Alabama and Georgia Both Go to Carter and Reagan,” New York Times, March 12, 1980, A17.

  76. Associated Press, “Alabama and Georgia.”

  77. Howell Raines, “Clear-Cut Triumphs,” New York Times, March 12, 1980, A1.

  78. Walter R. Mears, Associated Press, March 11, 1980.

  79. Lou Cannon and Martin Schram, “Reagan: Administration Harasses Cuban Exiles,” Washington Post, March 10, 1980, A5.

  80. David Hoffman, “Castro Foes Chant Out: Viva Reagan,” Miami Herald, March 10, 1980, 16A.

  81. “Bush Tells Ford to Stay Out of Race, Raises Issue of Age,” Miami Herald, March 10, 1980, 16A.

  82. Fiedler and Mitchell, “Bush Aims at Reagan in Florida.”

  83. Advertisements, New York Times, March 9, 1980, E22.

  84. David S. Broder and Bill Peterson, “Rivals Take Turns Ripping Anderson's Loyalty to GOP,” Washington Post, March 14, 1980, A6.

  85. David S. Broder, “President Captures Lead in Delegates,” Washington Post, March 12, 1980, A1.

  86. Associated Press, “Alabama and Georgia”; Howell Raines, “Clear-Cut Triumphs,” New York Times, March 12, 1980, A1.

  87. Patrick Riordan, “Florida's Big Money Flowing to Carter,” Miami Herald, March 8, 1980, 1A.

  88. Susan Sachs, “Stumping for Himself, Carter,” Miami Herald, March 9, 1980, B1.

  89. Associated Press, “Benefits Won't Suffer From Budget-Cutting, HEW Chief Predicts,” Miami Herald, March 9, 1980, 23A.

  90. Louis Harris, “Republican, Independent Voters Pick Ford in Poll,” Washington Post, March 10, 1980, A6.

  91. Don McLeod, “Ford Attacks Carter Policies, Says He'll Decide Next Week,” Associated Press, March 12, 1980.

  92. Howard Benedict, “GOP Candidate Debate Tonight; Ford Still Considering Race,” Associated Press, March 13, 1980.

  93. “Reagan's Bandwagon Rolls,” Time, March 24, 1980.

  94. David S. Broder, “The Ford Fantasy,” Washington Post, March 5, 1980, A23.

  95. “Delegate Tally,” Miami Herald, March 13, 1980, 16A.

  96. Martin Schram and David S. Broder, “Prospective Candidacy Muted,” Washington Post, March 14, 1980, A1.

  97. Martin Schram, “Ford Says He Won't Be a Candidate,” Washington Post, March 16, 1980, A1.

  98. Ibid.

  99. “Idea of Ford Candidacy Gets Grassroots Support,” Miami Herald, March 10, 1980, 4A.

  100. Schram, “Ford Says He Won't Be a Candidate.”

  101. William Endicott, “Reagan Pleased That Ford Won't Run,” Los Angeles Times, March 16, 1980, A23.

  102. Ibid.

  103. Ibid.

  104. Bill Peterson and Lou Cannon, “Illinois: Bush Weary, Reagan Hopeful, Anderson Ecstatic,” Washington Post, March 16, 1980, A4.

  105. Ibid.

  106. Ibid.

  CHAPTER 13: NOW ANDERSON

  1. NNDB, “Secret Service Codename Lists,” http://www.nndb.com/lists/050/000140627/.

  2. David S. Broder and Bill Peterson, “Rivals Take Turns Ripping Anderson's Loyalty to GOP,” Washington Post, March 14, 1980, A6.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Brit Hume, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, March 14, 1980.

  5. Jules Witcover, “Rivals Gang Up on Anderson in GOP Debate,” Washington Star, March 14, 1980, A1.

  6. David Hoffman, William Mitchell, and Remer Tyson, “Anderson's GOP Foes Join Forces, Attack His Loyalty to Party,” Miami Herald, March 14, 1980, 31A.

  7. Witcover, “Rivals Gang Up on Anderson.”

  8. Adam Clymer, “Campaign Report,” New York Times, March 17, 1980, A14.

  9. James Yuenger, “Anderson's Goal: Show GOP Loyalty,” Chicago Tribune, March 15, 1980, 8; Merrill Hart-son, “Anderson Says He's Tired of Having His GOP Loyalty Questioned,” Associated Press, March 14, 1980; Witcover, “Rivals Gang Up on Anderson.”

  10. Broder and Peterson, “Rivals Take Turns Ripping Anderson's Loyalty.”

  11. Witcover, “Rivals Gang Up on Anderson.”

  12. Hume, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts.

  13. Witcover, “Rivals Gang Up on Anderson.”

  14. “Anderson's Church Raps His Position on Abortion,” Chicago Tribune, March 13, 1980, 12.

  15. “Now It's the Anderson Phenomenon,” U. S. News & World Report, March 17, 1980, 25.

  16. James Yuenger, “Anderson Gets Look of Big Leaguer,” Chicago Tribune, March 12, 1980, 10.

  17. Rowland Evans and Rob
ert Novak, “GOP,” Evans-Novak Political Report, March 19, 1980.

  18. Bill Peterson and Lou Cannon, “Illinois: Bush Weary, Reagan Hopeful, Anderson Ecstatic,” Washington Post, March 16, 1980, A4.

  19. Jane Fritsch, “Gacy Found Guilty,” Chicago Tribune, March 13, 1980, 1.

  20. “Gacy Clearance Probe Set,” Chicago Tribune, January 22, 1979, 3.

  21. Kathy Sawyer and Edward Walsh, “Terrorists Invade Offices of Carter, Bush Campaigns,” Washington Post, March 16, 1980, A6.

  22. Ibid.

  23. Mitchell Locin, “Bush ‘to Keep Plugging’ Despite Losses in South,” Chicago Tribune, March 12, 1980, 10.

  24. F. Richard Ciccone, “Poll Puts Anderson on Top in State,” Chicago Tribune, March 12, 1980, 1.

  25. James R. Dickenson, “Reagan, Master of GOP Heartland, Shows He Still Can Play in Peoria,” Washington Star, March 16, 1980.

  26. Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “Learning to Live with Reagan,” Washington Post, March 17, 1980, A23.

  27. Steve Neal, “Scripts Have Changed, but Reagan Remains a Star,” Chicago Tribune, March 7, 1980, 1.

  28. Gerald C. Lubenow, “Reagan: Secret of Success,” Newsweek, April 7, 1980, 26.

  29. Michael Reagan with Joe Hyams, Michael Reagan: On the Outside Looking In (New York: Zebra Books, 1988), 169.

  30. David S. Broder, Lou Cannon, Myra MacPherson, Bill Peterson, and Kathy Sawyer, “Anderson Beaten Despite Crossover,” Washington Post, March 19, 1980, A1.

  31. Terry Campo, in discussion with the author, February 7, 2007.

  32. “Carter and Reagan Duplicating Primary Showings in Caucuses,” Associated Press, March 12, 1980; Associated Press, March 12, 1980.

  33. “Carter, Buoyed by 3 Caucus Wins, Aims for Puerto Rico Victory,” Associated Press, March 16, 1980.

  34. United Press International, “Chappaquiddick Proved Kennedy's ‘Guts,’ Wife Says,” Washington Post, March 17, 1980, A3.

  35. Patricia Avery, “Running for President Is a Family Affair,” U. S. News & World Report, March 10, 1980, 19.

  36. “Illinois—Where Survival Is at Stake,” U. S. News & World Report, March 17, 1980, 26.

  37. United Press International, “Fists, Curses Fly as Incidents of Violence Mar Primary Elections,” San Juan (PR) Star, March 17, 1980.

  38. Edward Walsh, “Inhospitable Day a Gloomy Omen for Sen. Kennedy,” Washington Post, March 18, 1980, A1.

  39. Robert J. Rosenthal, “He Is a Man of Myth—and Mystique,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 16, 1980, 10A.

  40. Mike Qualls, Mary Murphy, and Mitchell Fink, “The Politics of Holly-Tics: Campaigners Woo the Stars,” Chicago Tribune, March 8, 1980, 13;“A Holly-Tics ‘Who's for Whom,’” Chicago Tribune, March 8, 1980, 14.

  41. William M. Welch, “Helms to Launch TV Campaign for Reagan,” Associated Press, March 8, 1980; James R. Dickenson, “Republicans Start Battle for No. 2 Spot on Ticket,” Washington Star, March 19, 1980, A1.

  42. Jeff Greenfield, The Real Campaign: How the Media Missed the Story of the 1980 Campaign (New York: Summit Books, 1982), 141.

  43. Ibid.

  44. Ibid., 138.

  45. Raymond Coffey, “Selling the Candidates,” Chicago Tribune, March 16, 1980, A1.

  46. Ibid.

  47. Bill Peterson, “Saint's Halo Slips; Anderson Turns Expedient, Lusts for Bloodbath Among Democrats,” Washington Post, August 9, 1980, A2.

  48. Dickenson, “Reagan, Master of GOP Heartland.”

  49. Tom Wicker, “Kennedy vs. Anderson,” New York Times, March 14, 1980, A27.

  50. Albert R. Hunt, “Anderson Draws Fire from Both Parties as He Becomes Focus of Illinois Primary,” Wall Street Journal, March 17, 1980, 6.

  51. Adam Clymer, “Use ‘Economic Warfare’ on Iran, Bush Demands,” New York Times, March 15, 1980, 8.

  52. Anthony Lewis, “The Reagan Prospect,” New York Times, March 20, 1980, A27.

  53. Steven V. Roberts, “Anderson Drive Appears to Be Slowing at Home,” New York Times, March 17, 1980, A14.

  54. Leslie Bennetts, “Anderson Condemns Stances of Bush and Reagan,” New York Times, March 22, 1980, 7.

  55. James Yuenger, “Anderson Disputes Polls but Staff Admits He's Behind,” Chicago Tribune, March 18, 1980, 12.

  56. Steven V. Roberts, “Reagan, in Chicago Speed, Urges Big Increases in Military Spending,” New York Times, March 18, 1980, B8.

  57. Ibid.

  58. Lou Cannon, “Reagan Is Conciliatory in Foreign Policy Statement,” Washington Post, March 18, 1980, A4.

  59. Ibid.

  60. Lou Cannon and David S. Broder, “Despite His Rivals, He Looks to Carter,” Washington Post, March 20, 1980, A1.

  61. Mike Shanahan, Associated Press, March 18, 1980.

  62. Associated Press, “Anderson Finds Voting for Himself as President ‘Kind of Funny,’” March 18, 1980.

  63. Cannon and Broder, “Despite His Rivals, He Looks to Carter”; Mike Robinson, “Anderson Woos Independents in Illinois Primary,” Associated Press, March 18, 1980.

  64. William Safire, “Third Party A-Comin'?” New York Times, March 20, 1980, A27.

  65. Associated Press, March 17, 1980.

  66. Cannon and Broder, “Despite His Rivals, He Looks to Carter.”

  67. Adam Clymer, “A Blow to Kennedy,” New York Times, March 19, 1980 A1.

  68. Adam Clymer, “Carter Gets 165 Delegates to Kennedy's 14 in Illinois,” New York Times, March 20, 1980, B10.

  69. David Espo, “Kennedy Sees Narrow Loss in Puerto Rico as ‘Encouraging,’” Associated Press, March 16, 1980.

  70. Walter R. Mears, Associated Press, March 19, 1980.

  71. James L. Rowe Jr., “Banks Raise Prime to 18¼%,” Washington Post, March 14, 1980, E1.

  72. Louis Harris, “Carter Rated as ‘Failure’ on Hostages,” Washington Post, March 17, 1980, A18.

  73. Donald M. Rothberg, “Reagan Beginning to Act Like He's the GOP Nominee,” Associated Press, March 19, 1980.

  74. Hedrick Smith, “Carter's On-Job Rating Falls in Poll Because of Foreign Policy Concerns,” New York Times, March 18, 1980, A1.

  CHAPTER 14: BUSH'S COUNTEROFFENSIVE

  1. Lou Cannon and David S. Broder, “Despite His Rivals, He Looks to Carter,” Washington Post, March 20, 1980, A1.

  2. Frank Lynn, “In New York, Leadership Is Diffuse and the Delegates Are Up for Grabs,” New York Times, March 21, 1980, A16.

  3. Dennis Farney, “Reagan's Time?” Wall Street Journal, July 15, 1980, 1.

  4. Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “Carter's Big Apple Blues,” Washington Post, March 24, 1980, A23.

  5. Martin Schram, “Kennedy Upsets Carter in N.Y., Conn.,” Washington Post, March 26, 1980, A1.

  6. Cannon and Broder, “Despite His Rivals, He Looks to Carter.”

  7. Allan J. Mayer and Martin Kasindorf, “Reagan on the Key Issues,” Newsweek, March 31, 1980, 26.

  8. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Reagan Sees Need for President to Draw the Line with Iran on Hostages,” New York Times, March 25, 1980, B10.

  9. James Gerstenzang, “Reagan Urges Tougher U. S. Stand in Iranian Hostage Crisis,” Associated Press, March 27, 1980.

  10. James Reston, “Carter's Secret Weapon,” New York Times, March 21, 1980, A27.

  11. William Safire, “Third Party A-Comin'?” New York Times, March 20, 1980, A27.

  12. Lou Cannon, “Reagan's New Campaign Chief: So Far, So Good,” Washington Post, March 18, 1980, A4.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Edwin Meese, in discussion with the author; Richard Allen, in discussion with the author.

  15. Edward Walsh, “Kennedy Defeat a Crippling Blow,” Washington Post, March 19, 1980, A1; David S. Broder, Lou Cannon, Myra MacPherson, Bill Peterson, and Kathy Sawyer, “Anderson Beaten Despite Crossover,” Washington Post, March 19, 1980, A1.

  16. Peter Goldman, James Doyle, Eleanor Clift, Thomas M. DeFrank, Gerald C. Lubenow, Stryker McGuire, Richard Manning, and John Walcott, “National Affairs,” Newsweek,
March 31, 1980, 22.

  17. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Bush and Aides Seek Ways to Steady a Faltering Drive,” New York Times, March 21, 1980, A17.

  18. 18. “Bush Labels President's Policy Toward Iran ‘a Farce,’” New York Times, March 21, 1980, A17.

  19. George Esper, “Bush Hopes U. S. Helps See That Shah Gets Medical Treatment,” Associated Press, March 23, 1980.

  20. David S. Barrett, “Large GOP Enrollment Believed Aid to Anderson,” Hartford (CT) Courant, March 21, 1980, 1.

  21. Richard L. Madden, “Bush Opens Drive in Connecticut After His Poor Showing in Illinois,” New York Times, March 20, 1980, A1.

  22. Mark Shields, “Reagan May Get His Chance,” Washington Post, March 21, 1980, A19.

  23. Donald M. Rothberg, “Reagan Trades Taunts, Vows No Letup,” Associated Press, March 19, 1980.

  24. Matthew L. Wald, “Reagan Tour of City Draws Cheers, Some Boos and Forecast of Victory,” New York Times, March 20, 1980, B13.

  25. Peter Hannaford, in discussion with the author.

  26. James Gerstenzang, “Reagan Tours Upstate New York; Aides Predict Victory,” Associated Press, March 24, 1980.

  27. Nancy Reynolds, in discussion with the author, October 3, 2006.

  28. T. R. Reid, “Kennedy: Laughing on a Day When All Else Seems to Fail,” Washington Post, March 22, 1980, A4.

  29. T. R. Reid, “Trucking Plan Wins Kennedy Unlikely Fans,” Washington Post, December 4, 1979, A3.

  30. Reid, “Kennedy: Laughing on a Day When All Else Seems to Fail.”

  31. Warren Weaver Jr., “An Independent Anderson Seen as ‘Problem’ for Carter,” New York Times, March 20, 1980, B11.

  32. Hedrick Smith, “President and Regan Now Appear Likely Contenders in Fall Elections,” New York Times, March 20, 1980, A1.

  33. Hedrick Smith, “Carter's On-Job Rating Falls in Poll Because of Foreign Policy Concern,” New York Times, March 18, 1980, A1.

  34. Michael McShane, in discussion with the author.

  35. Robert Pear, “Grand Jury Convened in Inquiry on Jordan,” New York Times, March 2, 1980, 1.

  36. David Harris, “Whatever Happened to Jerry Brown?” New York Times Magazine, March 9, 1980, 9.

  37. David S Barrett, “Primary Frenzy Eases as State Voting Nears,” Hartford (CT) Courant, March 23, 1980, 1A.