Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign that Changed America
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9. Memorandum from Rafshoon to the President, “1980 General Election Themes,” July 3, 1980.
10. “Full Transcript of Debate Between Reagan and Carter,” Washington Star, October 29, 1980, A4.
11. Hans Christian Andersen, The Emperor's New Clothes, illus. by Virginia Lee Burton (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004), 11.
12. Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover, “Debate Offers No Real ‘Hook’ for Undecided,” Washington Star, October 29, 1980, A1.
13. Robert G. Kaiser, “Looking for Old Ghosts,” Washington Post, October 30, 1980, A1.
14. David S. Broder, “Carter on Points, but No KO,” Washington Post, October 29, 1980, A1.
15. Tom Shales, “Live, from Cleveland, It's… Debatable!” Washington Post, October 29, 1980, B1.
16. Mary McGrory, “No Surprises, but Both Men Debated Well,” Washington Star, October 29, 1980, A4.
17. Fred Barnes, in discussion with the author, September 29, 2008.
18. Bernard Weinraub, “Area Panel's Scorecard on the Debate: Reagan Won It by a Wide Margin,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, B20.
19. “Both Sides Claim Their Man Won the Debate,” Los Angeles Times.
20. R. Emmett Tyrrell Jr., “The Wise and the Wisenheimers,” Washington Post, November 3, 1980, A21.
21. Mary McGrory, “Big Debate Failed to Sway Undecideds,” Washington Star, October 31, 1980, A4.
22. Sam Donaldson, in discussion with the author.
23. Robert Shrum, in discussion with the author, March 19, 2008.
24. Kaiser, “Looking for Old Ghosts.”
25. Dick Wirthlin, in discussion with the author.
26. “CBS Poll on the Carter-Reagan Debate,” Washington Star, October 30, 1980, A4.
27. Dudley Clendinen, “Campaign Report,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, B14.
28. Editorial, “The Choice for President,” Washington Post, October 31, 1980, A14.
29. “Endorsements,” Washington Star, October 31, 1980, A4.
30. Fay Willey, “Carter Blasts Rupert Murdoch,” Newsweek, October 27, 1980, 33.
31. James R. Dickenson, “President Hammers at Rival's Image,” Washington Star, October 30, 1980, A1.
32. Jules Witcover, “Carter's Hopes in West Are Necessarily Modest,” Washington Star, October 30, 1980, A1.
33. Kenneth Reich, “Carter, Reagan to Contest California to the End,” Los Angeles Times, October 30, 1980, 5.
34. Steven R. Weisman, “Carter Intensifies Criticisms of Reagan,” New York Times, October 31, 1980, 16.
35. Carter, Keeping Faith, 565.
36. David S. Broder, Maralee Schwartz, and Chris Colford, “Reagan Is in the Driver's Seat,” Washington Post, November 2, 1980, A1.
37. Donald Totten, in discussion with the author, January 4, 2008.
38. United Press International, “Blacks,” Washington Star, October 31, 1980, A3.
39. Warren Weaver Jr., “Anderson Charges Democratic ‘Lie’ for Black Vote,” New York Times, November 1, 1980, 8.
40. Don Oberdorfer, “From U. S. Officials, Denials and Uncertainty,” Washington Post, November 1, 1980, A1.
41. Walter Mondale, in discussion with the author, February 28, 2007.
42. Howard Rosenberg, “‘Presidential’ Debate: And the Winner Is …,” Los Angeles Times, October 30, 1980, H1.
43. Lance Gay, “ABC's Experimental Poll After Debate Was Marred by Technological Foul-Ups,” Washington Star, October 30, 1980, A4.
44. Tony Schwartz, “Pollsters Denounce ABC's Debate Survey,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, B19.
45. “ABC, AP Monitor Viewer Reaction,” Washington Star, October 29, 1980, A1.
46. Gay, “ABC's Experimental Poll After Debate Was Marred by Technological Foul-Ups.”
47. Schwartz, “Pollsters Denounce ABC's Debate Survey.”
48. Gay, “ABC's Experimental Poll After Debate Was Marred by Technological Foul-Ups.”
49. Bill Timmons, in discussion with the author.
50. Editorial, “Words, and Music, in the Debate,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, A26.
51. Schwartz, “Pollsters Denounce ABC's Debate Survey.”
52. Ibid.
53. Jonathan Friendly, “Columnist Helped Reagan on Debate,” New York Times, July 9, 1983, 12; Sydney H. Schanberg, “Crossing the Line,” New York Times, July 26, 1983; Joyce Purnick, “Survey of Newspapers Finds Support for Column by Will,” New York Times, July 11, 1983.
54. Edward Cowan, “U. S. Budget Deficit of $59 Billion for 1980 Is the Second Biggest Ever,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, A1.
55. Douglas E. Kneeland, “White House Is Accused of Not Cooperating in Justice Dept. Inquiry,” New York Times, November 1, 1980, 1; Lou Cannon, “Reagan Campaigns Like a Man Who's Won,” Washington Post, November 1, 1980, A4.
56. Leslie Maitland, “Williams Is Indicted with 3 for Bribery in New Abscam Case,” New York Times, October 31, 1980, 1.
57. Wendell Rawls Jr., “Jenrette, in an Uphill Battle, Calls Abscam the Only Issue,” New York Times, October 31, 1980, 18.
58. Howell Raines, “Reagan Stresses Economic Issue Anew,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, A1.
59. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Reagan Steps Up Attack on Carter's Performance,” New York Times, October 31, 1980, A16.
60. United Press International, “Nancy,” Washington Star, October 31, 1980, A4.
61. Francis X. Clines, “About Politics; Calling the Tune to Call Democrats,” New York Times, October 31, 1980, 18.
62. Ibid.
63. Kneeland, “Reagan Steps Up Attack on Carter's Performance.”
64. Jonathan Kwitny, “Richard V. Allen Used White House Prestige Freely in Nixon Years,” Wall Street Journal, October 28, 1980, 1.
65. “Reagan Adviser Drops Out of Campaign Because of Reports on Business Activities,” Wall Street Journal, October 31, 1980, 3.
66. Howell Raines, “Reporter's Notebook: Tension Grips Gipper's Camp,” New York Times, October 27, 1980, B6.
67. Kneeland, “Reagan Steps Up Attack on Carter's Performance.”
68. Cannon, “Reagan Campaigns Like a Man Who's Won.”
69. Michele Davis, “1980 Diary,” October 30, 1980, Michele Davis Archives Collection.
70. Michele Davis, “1980 Diary,” October 31, 1980, Michele Davis Archives Collection.
71. Judy Bachrach, “It's Not Like Taking Candy from a Baby,” Washington Star, October 20, 1980, A5.
72. Memorandum from Jim Purks, Media Liaison to Dick Moe, “Thoughts on Last Three Weeks,” October 10, 1980, Box 8, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library, Atlanta, GA.
73. Edward Walsh, “Concerned Carter Pleads for Help from South,” Washington Post, November 1, 1980, A5.
74. Martin Schram, “After the Debate, the Pollsters Scramble,” Washington Post, October 30, 1980, A1.
75. Elizabeth Drew, Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981), 334.
76. Walsh, “Concerned Carter Pleads for Help from South.”
77. Walter Mondale, in discussion with the author, February 28, 2007.
78. Lisa Myers, “Reagan Criticizes President's Ability,” Washington Star, October 31, 1980, A1.
79. Mary McGrory, “Reagan Senses That His Goal Is in Reach,” Washington Star, November 3, 1980, A4.
80. Cannon, “Reagan Campaigns Like a Man Who's Won.”
81. Lisa Myers, “Confidence Reigns in GOP Camp,” Washington Star, November 1, 1980, A1.
82. Lou Cannon, “GOP Challenger,” Washington Post, November 2, 1980, A17.
83. Tim Ahern, “Candidates Pushing as Campaign Nears End,” Associated Press, November 1, 1980.
84. United Press International, “Staubach Out of Bounds?” New York Times, November 4, 1980, B14.
85. Fay Willey, “A Reagan Boost from Betty Ford,” Newsweek, October 27, 1980, 33.
86. John Herbers, “Worried Democrats in the South Battle to Hold Region fo
r Carter,” New York Times, November 1, 1980, 1.
87. Hedrick Smith, “Survey Indicates Reagan Is Holding Lead in Battle for Electoral Votes,” New York Times, November 2, 1980, 1.
88. Mark Shields, “Behind Closed Curtains,” Washington Post, October 31, 1980, A15.
89. Tom Shales, “The Harassment of Ronald Reagan,” Washington Post, October 31, 1980, C1.
90. Lisa Myers, “Reagan, Ford Rip President in Michigan,” Washington Star, November 2, 1980, A1.
91. Cannon, “GOP Challenger.”
92. Myers, “Reagan, Ford Rip President in Michigan.”
93. Howell Raines, “Reagan Prepares an Attack on Carter If 52 Are Freed,” New York Times, November 2, 1980, 36.
94. Karlyn Barker, “Bush: Partnership with Reagan Is Flowering on the Campaign Trail,” Washington Post, November 1, 1980, A3.
95. Cannon, “Reagan Campaigns Like a Man Who's Won.”
96. Dudley Clendinen, “Campaign Report,” New York Times, October 31, 1980, A16.
97. U. S. News & World Report, October 27, 1980, 18.
98. Smith, “Survey Indicates Reagan Is Holding Lead in Battle for Electoral Votes.”
99. “A Look Ahead from the Nation's Capital,” U. S. News & World Report, November 3, 1980, 15.
100. Edward Walsh, “Carter Acknowledges Some Failings; Reagan Courts Michigan Voters,” Washington Post, November 2, 1980, A17.
101. Michele Davis, “1980 Diary,” November 1, 1980, Michele Davis Archives Collection.
102. Drew, Portrait of an Election, 18.
103. Cannon, “GOP Challenger.”
CHAPTER 37: ENTRANCE, STAGE LEFT
1. George J. Church, Christopher Ogden, and Laurence I. Barrett, “Nation: Reagan Coast-to-Coast,” Time, November 17, 1980.
2. Hedrick Smith, “President Concedes,” New York Times, November 5, 1980, A1.
3. Jeremiah O'Leary and James R. Dickenson, “Carter Predicts Long Night Before Results Are Known,” Washington Star, November 4, 1980, A1.
4. Sam Donaldson, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, November 4, 1980.
5. O'Leary and Dickenson, “Carter Predicts Long Night Before Results Are Known.”
6. Bill Stall and William J. Eaton, “Reagan Goes from Ballot to Barber to Bigger Things,” Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1980, B1.
7. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Reagan Vows to Do His Best to Justify Hopes of Backers,” New York Times, November 5, 1980, A22.
8. Lou Cannon, “Reagan Promises to Heal and Unify,” Washington Post, November 5, 1980, A17.
9. Kneeland, “Reagan Vows to Do His Best to Justify Hopes of Backers.”
10. Nancy Reagan with William Novak, My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan (New York: Random House, 1989), 220.
11. Barry Serafin, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, November 4, 1980.
12. Kneeland, “Reagan Vows to Do His Best to Justify Hopes of Backers.”
13. Adam Clymer, “Carter and Reagan Make Final Appeals Before Vote Today,” New York Times, November 4, 1980, A1; “The Final Round,” U. S. News & World Report, November 3, 1980, 22.
14. “The General Election Day,” New York Times, November 3, 1878, 6;Andreas Teuber, “Elections of Yore,” New York Times, November 4, 1980, A19.
15. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006; Martin Schram, “At White House: Setting the Stage,” Washington Post, November 3, 1980, A1.
16. Schram, “At White House: Setting the Stage.”
17. Martin Schram, “Nation's Longest Campaign Comes to an End,” Washington Post, November 4, 1980, A1.
18. Hedrick Smith, “Campaign Tightrope,” New York Times, November 3, 1980, A15.
19. Schram, “At White House: Setting the Stage.”
20. Jimmy Carter, in discussion with the author, July 11, 2006.
21. Bruce Langdon, in discussion with the author.
22. Lisa Myers, “Confidence Reigns in GOP Camp,” Washington Star, November 1, 1980, A1.
23. Ibid.
24. Terence Hunt, “Reagan in Last Push in Illinois, Oregon, and California,” Associated Press, November 3, 1980.
25. George J. Church, Evan Thomas, and Douglas Brew, “Nation: A Determined Second Fiddle,” Time, November 17, 1980.
26. Harry F. Rosenthal, “Reagan and Bush Making Final Pitch to Voters,” Associated Press, November 3, 1980.
27. Howell Raines, “Reagan Attacks President on Economy and Defense,” New York Times, November 4, 1980, B5.
28. Terence Smith, “Carter Makes an Appeal to Backers of Anderson,” New York Times, November 4, 1980, B5.
29. Bill Peterson, “Anderson Brings ‘Most Exhilarating Experience’ to a Poetic Close,” Washington Post, November 4, 1980, A11.
30. Bill Peterson, “John Anderson's ‘Unlikely’ Campaign an Air of Unreality at the End,” Washington Post, November 3, 1980, A6.
31. Warren Weaver Jr., “Anderson Campaign Finishing with Upbeat Feeling,” New York Times, November 3, 1980, D13.
32. Ronald Reagan, “Election Eve Address ‘A Vision for America,’” University of Texas, http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/11.3.80.html.
33. John W. Mashek, “Massive Shift to Right Story of '80 Elections,” U. S. News & World Report, November 17, 1980, 26.
34. Lisa Myers, “Confident Reagan Uses Words of John Wayne,” Washington Star, November 4, 1980, A1.
35. Raines, “Reagan Attacks President on Economy and Defense.”
36. Church et al., “Nation: Reagan Coast-to-Coast.”
37. Stuart Spencer, in discussion with the author, September 28, 2006.
38. Ken Khachigian, in discussion with the author, August 29, 2008.
39. United Press International, “Reagan Wins Dixville Notch,” Washington Star, November 4, 1980, A5.
40. Jerry Harkavy, “First Voters in New Hampshire Primary Cast Their Ballots,” Associated Press, February 26, 1980.
41. Kenny Klinge, in discussion with the author, July 12, 2006.
42. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
43. James R. Dickenson and Jeremiah O'Leary, “On His Final Campaign Swing, Carter Learned It Was All Over,” Washington Star, November 6, 1980, A1.
44. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
45. Dickenson and O'Leary, “On His Final Campaign Swing, Carter Learned It Was All Over.”
46. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
47. Dickenson and O'Leary, “On His Final Campaign Swing, Carter Learned It Was All Over.”
48. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
49. Dickenson and O'Leary, “On His Final Campaign Swing, Carter Learned It Was All Over.”
50. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
51. A. O. Sulzberger Jr., “Bush, in Victory Talk, Says Reagan Will Lead U. S. ‘Back to Greatness,’” New York Times, November 5, 1980, A21.
52. “Mondale Votes in Minnesota in ‘Tight’ Election,” Associated Press, November 4, 1980.
53. Walter Mondale, in discussion with the author, February 28, 2007.
54. Jimmy Carter, in discussion with the author, July 11, 2006.
55. James R. Dickenson and Jeremiah O'Leary, “Carter Defends His Leadership,” Washington Star, November 5, 1980, A3.
56. Church et al., “Nation: Reagan Coast-to-Coast.”
57. Dickenson and O'Leary, “On His Final Campaign Swing, Carter Learned It Was All Over.”
58. Sam Donaldson, World News Tonight, ABC News Transcripts, November 3, 1980.
59. Patrick Caddell, in discussion with the author.
60. Jerry Adler, Gerald C. Lubenow, and Martin Kasindorf, “Reagan: Easy Rider,” Newsweek, November 17, 1980, 30; Stall and Eaton, “Reagan Goes from Ballot to Barber to Bigger Things.”
61. Ken Khachigian, in discussion with the author, May 2007.
62. James M. Perry and Albert R. Hunt, “Reagan Buries Carte
r in Roaring Landslide Throughout Country,” Wall Street Journal, November 5, 1980, 1.
63. Bernard Weinraub, “The Election on TV: Networks Gearing Up,” New York Times, November 4, 1980, B5.
64. Ibid.
65. Harry F. Waters and George Hackett, “Peacock's Night to Crow,” Newsweek, November 17, 1980, 82.
66. Dom Bonafede, “The Press Does Some Soul Searching in Reviewing Its Campaign Coverage,” National Journal, November 29, 1980, 2032.
67. Janice Castro and Elizabeth Rudulph, “Press: Like a Suburban Swimming Pool,” Time, November 17, 1980.
68. D'Vera Cohn, “Election Fizzles as Cliff-Hanger,” United Press International, November 5, 1980.
69. Barbara Walters, World News Tonight, ABC News, November 4, 1980.
70. Frank Reynolds and Ted Koppel, World News Tonight, ABC News, November 4, 1980.
71. Perry and Hunt, “Reagan Buries Carter in Roaring Landslide Throughout Country.”
72. Terence Smith, “Carter, Saying Defeat ‘Hurt,’ Pledges Fullest Cooperation,” New York Times, November 5, 1980, A19.
73. John Chancellor, Decision '80, NBC, November 4, 1980.
74. Nancy Reagan, I Love You, Ronnie: The Letters of Ronald Reagan to Nancy Reagan (New York: Random House, 2000), 135.
75. Ibid.
76. Perry and Hunt, “Reagan Buries Carter in Roaring Landslide Throughout Country.”
77. Dickenson and O'Leary, “On His Final Campaign Swing, Carter Learned It Was All Over.”
78. Walter Cronkite, Election Night, CBS News, November 4, 1980.
79. Donnie Radcliffe, “The Democrats,” Washington Post, November 5, 1980, E3.
80. “Plains Truth,” Time, April 30, 1984.
81. “Transcript of the President's Concession Statement,” New York Times, November 5, 1980, A19.
82. Walter Cronkite, Election Night, CBS News, November 4, 1980.
83. “Transcript of the President's Concession Statement.”
84. Dick West, United Press International, November 5, 1980.
85. Tip O'Neill with William Novak, Man of the House: The Life and Political Memoirs of Speaker Tip O'Neill (New York: Random House, 1987), 328–29.
86. Ibid., 329.
87. Smith, “President Concedes.”
88. Bill Peterson, “Anderson Is Upbeat and Philosophical,” Washington Post, November 5, 1980, A17.