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Second Front: The Allied Invasion of France, 1942–43 (An Alternative History)

Page 35

by Alexander M. Grace


  While tank battles gained headlines, US infantry divisions meantime relied on their artillery to hammer down their Axis infantry counterparts, as shown below.

  Part of the premise of the Allied invasion was that the French people would rise in its support. This in deed happened, as shown in this photo of an American officer and a French partisan during a street fight in a French city after the Allies’ arrival.

  Other French citizens were punished for prior friendliness to the Germans. For females a shaved head was the usual mark of punishment for such offenses.

  A U.S. anti-tank crew fires on Germans who machine-gunned their vehicle. Month after month, thousands of small-unit combats took place as the Germans did not give up their gains easily.

  The Allied supply lines were fully stocked, but winter weather sometimes made it difficult to deliver chow to frontline troops across the slippery roads. In this photo we see how one delivery was eagerly welcomed by a U.S. squad.

  The reports of German terror in Warsaw and other parts of Poland had much influence in Allied councils, and especially among Polish troops in exile serving with the Allies. The endgame of the war would focus much around the Allies need to rescue Europe in not just strategic terms but moral ones.

  When the Germans finally surrendered it was practically wholesale in the West. In the East, however, many units continued to resist the Soviets until they or civilians could escape safely into Western hands.

  SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Ambrose, Stephen E., Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army from the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the Surrender of Germany, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

  ——-. D-Day: June 6, 1944. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

  Amouroux, Henri, La Grande Histoire des Français sous l’Occupation: Les Passions et les Haines, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1981.

  Aron, Robert, Histoire de Ia Liberation de Ia France, Juin 1944–Mai 1945, Paris: Marabout Universite, 1959.

  Auphan, Amiral and Mordal, Jacques, La Marine Française dans Ia Seconde Guerre Mondiale, Paris: Editions France-empire, 1976.

  Barnett, Correlli, Engage the Enemy More Closely: The Royal Navy in the Second World War, New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1991.

  ——-ed., Hitler’s Generals, New York: William Morrow, 1989.

  Bergamini, David, Japan’s Imperial Conspiracy, New York: William Morrow, 1971.

  Bialer, Seweryn, ed., Stalin and his Generals: Soviet Military Memoirs of World War II, New York: Pegasus, 1969.

  Bland, Larry I., ed., The Papers of George Catlett Marshall, vol. 2–3, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

  Blumenson, Martin, Patton: The Man Behind the Legend, New York: William Morrow, 1985.

  Berries, Vance von, “Breakthrough to the Coast: The U.S. II Corps in the Battle of el Guettar and Maknassy,” Command Magazine, no. 112, June, 1987.

  Bourderon, Roger and Willard, Germaine, La France dans la Tourmente, Paris: Editions Sociales, 1980.

  Breuer, William B., Geronimo! American Paratroopers in World War II, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989

  ——-, Operation Dragoon: The Allied Invasion of the South of France, Novato: Presidio Press, 1987.

  Bullock, Alan. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1992.

  Bykofsky, Joseph and Larson, Harold, United States Army in World War II: The Technical Services, The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas, Washington, D.C., Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1957.

  Carell, Paul, Hitler Moves East 1941–1943, New York: Bantam Books, 1965.

  ——-, Scorched Earth, New York: Bantam Books, 1965.

  Churchill, Winston S., The Hinge of Fate, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950.

  ———, Closing the Ring, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950.

  Craven, Wesley Frank and Cate, James Lea, eds., The Army Air Forces in World War II: Services Around the World, vol. 7, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.

  Cummins, Christopher, “Pas de Calais: Historical Alternatives 1943 vs. 1944, Calais vs. Normandy,” Command Magazine, no. 6, May–June 1988.

  DeGaulle, Charles, The Complete War Memoirs, New York: Da Capo, 1967.

  D’Este, Carlo, Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily 1943. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1988.

  ———-, Fatal Decision: Anzio and the Battle for Rome, New York: Harper-Collins, Publishers, 1988.

  Eisenhower, David, Eisenhower: At War 1943–1945, New York: Vintage Books, 1987. Eisenhower, Dwight D., Crusade in Europe, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1948.

  Erickson, John, The Road to Stalingrad, London: Panther Books, 1975.

  ———, The Road to Berlin, London: Panther Books, 1975.

  Farago, Ladislas, The Game of Foxes, New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1971.

  Greenfield, Kent Roberts, ed., The United States Army in World War I: European Theater of Operations, Logistical Support of the Armies, 2 vols., Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.

  —-, United States Army in World War II: Pictorial Record, The War Against Germany: Europe and Adjacent Areas, Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1951.

  Harries, Meirion and Susie, Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army, New York: Random House, 1991.

  Higgins, Trumbull, Soft Underbelly: The Anglo-American Controversy over the Italian Campaign 1939–1945. London: The Macmillan Company, 1968.

  Howe, George F., United States Army in World War II: The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1957.

  Huston, James A., Out of the Blue: US. Army Airborne Operations in World War II, West Lafayette: Purdue University Studies, 1972.

  Irving, David, The Trail of the Fox, New York: Avon Books, 1977.

  Jane’s, Fighting Ships of World War II New York: Crescent Books, 1996.

  Kurzman, Dan. The Bravest Battle: The Twenty-eight Days of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1976.

  Lacouture, Jean, De Gaulle: Le Rebelle, Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1984.

  Leighton, Richard M., United States Army in World War II The War Department: Global Logistics and Strategy 1940–1943, Washington, D. C., Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1955.

  Lottman, Herbert R, Petain, Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1984.

  McMullocgh, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

  Macksey, Kenneth, Tank versus Tank, New York: Crescent Books, 1991.

  Mayer, Arno J. Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The “Final Solution” in History. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.

  Miller, Merle, Ike the Soldier: As They Knew Him, New York: Putnam Publishing Group, 1987.

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Operations in North African Waters, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1947.

  ——-, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The Liberation of France, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1947.

  ——-, History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II: Sicily-Salerno Anzio, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1954.

  Mosley, Leonard, Marshall: Hero for Our Times, New York: Harvest Books, 1982.

  Nofi, Albert A., “Sicily: The Race to Messina 10 July–17 August 1943,” Strategy & Tactics Magazine, June 1985.

  Payne, Robert, The Marhsall Story: A Biography of General George C. Marshall, New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1951.

  Pogue, Forrest C., The United States Anny in World War II: European Theater of Operations, The Supreme Command, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1954.

  ——-, George C. Marshall: Ordeal and Hope, New York: The Viking Press, 1965.

  Robertson, Terence, Dieppe: The Shame and the Glory, London: Hutchinson & Co., 1963.

  Robichon, Jacques, Jour J en Afrique, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1964.

  Schoenbrun, David,
Soldiers of the Night: The Story of the French Resistance, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1980.

  Sereau, Raymond, L’Armee de l’Armistice, Paris: Nouvelles Editions Latines, 1961.

  Spector, Ronald H., Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan, New York: The Free Press, 1985.

  Tompkins, Peter, The Murder of Admiral Dar/an, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965.

  Vigneras, Marcel, United States Army in World War II: Special Studies, Rearming the French, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1957.

  Walters, Vernon, Secret Missions, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1978.

  Warner, Geoffrey, Iraq and Syria 1941, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1974.

  Weigley, Russel F., Eisenhower’s Lieutenants: The Campaigns of France and Germany, 1944–1945, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

  In addition to the preceding books, the author has also made extensive use of a number of war games in order to test his hypotheses on the probable course of events following a given strategic decision and also as a rich source of order of battle information. The following are those most frequently consulted.

  Astell, John, Torch: Europa XI, Game Designers’ Workshop, 1985.

  ——-, Second Front: Europa XII, Game Research/Design, 1994.

  Astell, John and Chadwick, Alan, Western Desert: Europa VI, Game Designers’ Workshop, 1983.

  Berg, Richard, “The Trail of the Fox,” Strategy & Tactics Magazine, no. 97, July–August 1984.

  Cochran, Laurel, “Anvil-Dragoon: Southwall 1944,” Wargamer Magazine, no. 60, December 1986.

  Simulations Publications, Inc., War in the East/War in the West, New York: 1976.

  All rights reserved, including without limitation the right to reproduce this ebook or any portion thereof in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.

  Copyright © 2014 by Alexander M. Grace

  978-1-4804-4581-9

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