Killing for Profit: Exposing the Illegal Rhino Horn Trade

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Killing for Profit: Exposing the Illegal Rhino Horn Trade Page 38

by Rademeyer, Julian


  Milliken, Tom, K. Nowell, and J.B. Thomsen. ‘The decline of the black rhino in Zimbabwe’. TRAFFIC International, 1993

  Mills, J.A. ‘Rhinoceros horn and tiger bone in China’. TRAFFIC International, 1997

  ‘More than 1 tonne of ivory and rhino horns seized in Thailand’. TRAFFIC International, 25 February 2011

  Nowell, Kristin. ‘Wildlife crime scorecard’. WWF, 2012

  Nowell, Kristin, Wei-Lien Chyi, and Chia-Jai Pei. ‘The horns of the dilemma: The market for rhino horn in Taiwan’. TRAFFIC International, 1992

  ‘Perspectives on dehorning and legalised trade in rhino horn as tools to combat rhino poaching’. Endangered Wildlife Trust, 2011

  Razafindrakoto, Mireille, François Roubaud, and Matthieu Salomon. ‘Global corruption barometer 2010: Vietnam country analysis’. Transparency International, 2011

  Redpath, Jean. ‘Failing to prosecute? Assessing the state of the National Prosecuting Authority in South Africa’. ISS, 2012

  Reeve, Rosalind. ‘The CITES treaty and compliance: Progress or jeopardy?’ Chatham House Briefing Paper, 2004

  ———. ‘Wildlife trade, sanctions and compliance: Lessons from the CITES regime’. International Affairs, 2006

  ‘South African National Parks annual report’. SANParks, 2010/11

  ‘Staff paper prepared for the Steyn Commission on alleged dangerous activities of SADF components’. Steyn Commission of Inquiry, December 1992

  ‘S v. Meiring and Another’ (1992) 4 All SA 120 (W), All South African Law Reports Tran Thi Thu Ha, et al. ‘Towards a transparent and quality healthcare system’. Transparency International, 2011

  ’t Sas-Rolfes, Michael. ‘Saving African rhinos: A market success story’. PERC, 2011

  ———. ‘The rhino poaching crisis: A market analysis’. PERC, 2012

  ‘Under siege: Rhinoceroses in South Africa’. Animal Rights Africa, 2009

  US Embassy Harare. ‘Environmental impact of current crises on Zimbabwe’s wildlife’. Diplomatic Cable, 25 July 2003

  ———. ‘Land reform threatens wildlife’. Diplomatic Cable, 20 April 2004

  ———. ‘Poaching of wildlife is rampant in Zimbabwe’. Diplomatic Cable, 21 May 2002

  ———. ‘Save Valley: Struggling to hold on’. Diplomatic Cable, 17 December 2004

  ———. ‘ZANU-PF governor forcing himself on Amcit-owned conservancy’. Diplomatic Cable, 29 May 2009

  Venkataraman, Bina. ‘A matter of attitude: The consumption of wild animal products in Hanoi, Vietnam’. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, 2007

  ‘Vietnamese citizen gets 10 years’ imprisonment for illegal possession of rhino horn’. Endangered Wildlife Trust, 1 July 2010

  FREQUENTLY USED WEBSITES

  CITES: www.cites.org

  Rhino Economics: www.rhino-economics.com

  Rhino Resource Center: www.rhinoresourcecenter.com

  Saving Rhinos: www.savingrhinos.org

  TRAFFIC: www.traffic.org

  FILM

  Martin, Andrew (director). Rhino under Threat. Documentary film. UNTV/CITES, 2012

  Index

  32 Battalion 41, 50, 54

  50/50 TV programme 258–259

  Africa Confidential newsletter 89

  African National Congress (ANC) 70, 74, 79–80, 87, 90, 98, 201, 203–204, 207–208, 210

  African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) 205, 208–209 see also Malema, Julius

  Agent Orange 276

  Agliotti, Glen 158

  aldicarb poison 243–244

  Allison, Donald 246–247

  Amin, Idi 110

  Amnesty International 294

  Anderson, Dr Jeremy 74, 87, 94

  Angola 27, 29, 31–32, 34, 37–38, 43, 46, 110

  decimation of wildlife 57–58

  and SADF smuggling 45–49, 51, 53, 56–61

  Anh, Vu Moc 258–259

  Around the Clock Import-Export 96

  Aurora Private Nature Reserve 174, 180, 193

  Baloi, Joshua Elias 197, 199

  Baloi, Sarafina 197, 199

  Bao, Nguyen Anh 258

  Barbie, Klaus 71

  Bat Trang, Vietnam 264–265

  BBC 70, 206, 236, 281

  Beck, Hans 75, 86

  Beeka, Cyril 159

  Beeld newspaper 18, 40, 200

  Beitbridge 6, 7, 8, 233

  Bekeramayi, Sydney 88

  Bell, Dr Richard 76

  Beukes, Lt Col André 83

  Beveridge, Russell D. 33, 38

  black rhino 19–20, 22, 51

  population, Africa 2, 4, 19, 64, 111, 275

  Boehme, Keith 97

  Boing, Werner 172

  Bojanelo District 118

  Boschrand Lodge 169–170

  Boshoff, Magdel 125, 259

  Botha, Pik 72

  Botha, P.W. 81

  Bouphavanh, Bouasone 299

  Breytenbach, Breyten 50

  Breytenbach, Col Jan 41, 50–56, 60, 61, 62

  Bridgland, Fred 52–53

  Brink, Hennie 54

  Broederbond 66

  Bruce, Nish 70, 83

  Bruma Lake 199, 200

  Buabuata 48, 54

  Bubiana Conservancy 4–5, 8

  Bubye Valley Conservancy 1–3, 5–8, 10, 12, 128, 129

  Buffalo Battalion 41, 50, 54

  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, US (ATF) 24–25, 33

  Burman, Des 45, 47, 48, 49–50, 53, 61, 62

  Burundi 81

  Busch, August A. Jnr 66

  bush meat 3, 5, 14

  Business Day newspaper 209

  Buthelezi, Mangosuthu 74

  Butland, Peter 102–103

  Bvute, Andrew ‘British’ 12–13

  Cambodia 269, 291

  cancer myth 274–275, 276–279

  Canhane, Mozambique 211–215

  ‘canned’ cheetah hunting 124, 134

  ‘canned’ lion hunting 97, 123, 170

  Caprivi 38, 47, 48, 49, 51–55, 87

  Capstick, Peter Hathaway 118

  Captain Jack see Lukman, John C. Jnr

  Carnie, Tony 120

  Carte Blanche TV programme 147

  cash-in-transit robberies 226–227

  Cele, Bheki 204

  Central African Republic 74, 275

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 23, 26–29, 43, 46, 49, 292, 298

  Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO) 27, 76–77

  Chad 111, 275

  Chadenga, Vitalis 12

  cheetah trophies 28, 124, 134

  Chete Gorge 21

  Chief of Staff Intelligence (CSI) 47–50, 53

  Chiguba, Joseph 12

  China x, 289, 291, 292, 294, 298

  and CITES treaty 111, 272

  and trade in rhino horn 93, 102, 171, 269, 272–274

  Chiradza, Freedom 9

  Chizarira National Park 21

  Chokwe, Mozambique 215, 229

  Chu, Duc Manh 263

  Chunchom, Punpitak (Peter) 152–154, 160–163, 166, 170, 174, 178, 186, 189, 301

  cigarette smuggling 232, 236, 237, 243

  CITES see Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

  City Press newspaper 87, 205, 208, 209, 210

  Claassens, Harry 168–169, 174, 180–181, 189, 192

  Clifford, Bob 24–25, 26, 28, 29–31

  Coetzee, Dirk 81

  Colchester Zoo 247

  Cold War 27, 46

  Colombian drug trade 28

  Coltart, David 131

  commercial use of wildlife 108–110

  and CITES and rhino 112–113

  see also legal trade in rhino

  contra rebels, Nicaragua 28

  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 103–104, 111–112, 285

  and ban on rhino horn trade 58, 59, 108, 112, 137, 140, 272

  SA’s poor compliance with 113–116

  and Xaysavang Export-Import Company 288, 289, 294, 297

/>   corruption

  at Beitbridge border post 8, 235

  hunting regulations 116–117

  Kruger National Park 225–226

  Laos 290

  and permitting officials 165

  and SA police 163, 236–237, 254

  Vietnam 277

  Zimbabwe 9, 11, 13

  criminal syndicates, Far Eastern 103, 252–253 see also Xaysavang Export-Import Company

  Crocodile Gang 129

  Cronjé, Frans 66

  Crooke, Col Ian 67–69, 71, 74, 75–79, 81–86, 88–89, 90, 94

  Crooke, Lesley 90

  Cuando Cubango 48, 51, 52

  Cuba 27, 28, 29, 34, 46

  Czech pseudo-hunters 126

  Daily Mail, Britain 129

  Davy, Charles 128–130

  Davy, Chelsy 128–129

  Dawes, Nic 203

  De Haes, Charles 66–67, 92

  De Klerk, F.W. 98

  De Kock, Eugene 81, 87

  De Lange, Johnny 220

  Delmas 152–154

  Democratic Alliance (DA) 172, 220, 223, 296

  Democratic Republic of Congo 43, 275

  Department of Environmental Affairs

  and Chumlong 182–183

  and hunting permits 103–104, 124–125

  and legality of trade 140, 260

  and lions 171, 172

  norms and standards for rhino hunting 125

  and poaching statistics 220–223

  and Thai prostitutes 179–180

  and Vietnam 259, 286

  Die Volksblad 170

  Dinaka Game Reserve 249

  diplomatic immunity 252, 257

  Directorate of Priority Crimes Investigation see Hawks, the

  DNA profiling 125, 216, 225, 245–248

  D’Oliviera, Col José 49

  Dr Kenneth Kaunda District 102

  Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District 101–102, 180

  drug trade 28, 53, 54, 56, 291–292

  Dung, Huong Quoc 289, 298

  Dung, Pham Cong 257, 258–259

  Du Preez, Gen G.P.O. 48

  Du Preez, Gys 143

  Du Toit, Raoul 3, 21, 129

  Edwards, Ken 70

  electric fences 217–218

  Elegant Food Distributors 60

  Ellis, Stephen 65, 77, 81, 88, 89, 91–92, 94–95, 99

  El Salvador 27, 31

  Els, Jacques 147

  Emperors Palace Casino 160, 161, 166, 189

  endangered animals as delicacies 282–283

  Endangered Species Protection Unit (ESPU) 73, 95–97, 144, 261, 271

  Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) 57, 96–97, 184, 262

  Engelbrecht, Dr Deon 167

  English, Norman 10, 20

  Environmental Crime Investigations, SANParks 261–262

  Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) 81, 289

  Erasmus, Tielman 131, 143, 146

  Erwee, Hennie 235

  Escobar, Pablo 28

  Executive Outcomes 71, 90

  Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife 119–120, 140

  fake rhino horn 238–242, 244

  Falck, Leon 83

  farm attacks, South Africa 13–14, 15–16

  First, Ruth 80

  Flamingo’s strip club 175, 176–178

  Fletcher, Clayton 149

  FNLA 46, 50, 54

  Fourie, Tommy 147

  Frama Intertrading 48, 54, 55, 58, 60–61

  French Indochina War 291

  Gaddafi, Muammar 118–119

  Gaddafi, Saadi 118–119

  Gaisford, Jeff 119–120

  Galster, Steven 43, 299

  Gastrow, Peter 253

  Gazankulu Homeland 87

  Genco, Jim 29

  Gold Reef City 198

  Gordhan, Pravin 204, 207

  Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park 217

  Green Left Weekly 43

  Green Movement 111

  Grobler, Dr Douw 175–176

  Grobler, Manie 54

  Groenewald, Dawie 102, 115, 117, 122, 123, 140, 260

  background 132–136

  and Charles Davy 129–130

  illegal hunting in Zimbabwe 130–132

  investigation into and jail 142–146

  and John Hume 136–137

  prosecution of 127–128

  Groenewald, Janneman 132–133

  Groenewald, Sariette 127, 134

  Guggisberg, Prof Charles 117

  ‘guma-guma’ 232–233, 234

  Gwaai Valley Conservancy 3, 130

  Gwin, Peter 148

  Ha Long Bay 283–284

  Hanks, Dr John 63–64, 67–69, 71–72, 89, 91–95

  Harare-based gangs 5, 6

  Harper, Dr Cindy 246–248, 249

  Harris, Ray 72, 74

  Hartford Courant, US 23, 27

  Hawks, the 143, 159, 209, 248

  Hawthorne, Robbie 57–58

  Hayton, Bill 281, 282, 283

  Hendrie, Doug 279

  Hern, Ed 163

  Heroin 291–292

  HHK Safaris 128

  Hien, Tran Thi Minh 251, 260–261, 275

  Hlongwane, Washington 196–200 see also Kateka, Washington Phiri

  Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve viii, 149

  HMS Trading 83

  Hoang, Nguyen Tien 106, 108

  Hoang, Xuan 247, 261–263

  Hofmeyr, Dr Markus 145

  Holtzhausen, Richard 244

  Hong Kong 58, 270, 272

  Hughes, Dr George 77

  Hughes, Jim 72, 74

  Hulett, Gavin 176

  Hume, John 109, 136-139

  Hung, Nguyen Phi 263

  Hunting 103–105, 117-118

  contribution to conservation 120

  by Europeans and Americans 100–101

  negative public perceptions on 120–121

  norms and standards for 125

  regulations 107–108, 116–117, 165

  and rhino populations 110–111

  see also pseudo-hunters; Vietnamese, hunting by

  hunting permits 105, 165

  chaotic records, SA 103–104

  and SA’s non-compliance with CITES 114

  and Vietnamese applicants 124–125

  Hunting Report newsletter 131

  Hurter, Johannes 66

  Hussey, Kenneth R. 39

  Huxley, Chris 75

  Hwange National Park 3, 130

  Ignatius 197, 198–199

  Ilsley, John 75

  Independent newspaper, UK 89, 90

  Indonesia 271

  information peddlers 203–204

  Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 70, 74, 87–88

  International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) 96, 97

  International University Exchange Fund (IUEF) 80

  Interpol 119, 158

  Wildlife Crime Working Group 248

  Irwin, Steve 108–109

  Ives, Mike 280

  ivory trade 75–76, 81–82, 86

  Angola 48–49, 52–53, 59–61

  Laos 292, 296, 297, 301

  South Africa 40, 71, 75, 77–78, 86, 95–96, 106, 113

  by South African Authorities 37–38, 45, 49, 53–59, 61, 83–85, 90

  Thailand 165, 188

  Vietnam 252, 274, 285, 297

  Jacobs, Frikkie and Kobus 123

  Jamba 34, 47–48

  Jangjumrus, Kritsada 152–154

  Japan 58, 59, 95, 271

  Javan rhino 275–276

  Johnson, Daniel Karl 145

  Jones, Pelham 220

  Jooste, Col Johan 143–145, 248

  Josias 197–198

  Kadzombe, Ed 130

  Kamina Air Base 43

  KaNgwane homeland 74, 88, 90

  KaNgwane Parks Board 87

  Kapama Game Reserve 97

  KAS Enterprises 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74–75, 76–78, 79, 89

  Kateka, Washington Phiri 195 see also Hlongwane, Washington

  Katima Mulilo 5
3

  Kaunda, Kenneth 76

  Kelly, Gary 120

  Kenya 88, 98, 110, 118, 297

  Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) 296

  Keosavang, Vixay 156, 287–288, 295, 296, 300–301

  background 289–290, 298–301

  and rhino 179, 185, 288

  see also Xaysavang Export-Import Company

  Kitshoff, Adri 116, 120–121, 122, 132

  K.K. 155–156

  Klipplaatfontein farm 169

  Kodwa, Zizi 207, 209

  Koevoet 87

  Krejcir, Radovan 157–159

  Krejcirova, Katerina 159

  Kruger National Park 51, 73, 149, 175–176, 196, 199, 211

  corruption 225–226

  and Mozambique 214–218, 229–231

  rangers 224–225

  statistics on poached rhino 218–223, 224

  Krugersdorp Lion and Rhino Nature Reserve 163

  Kumleben, Judge Mark 60–61

  Kumleben Commission 60–61, 82, 83, 85, 92, 96

  Lacey Act, US 25, 142

  Lackay, Adrian 207, 209

  Lalibela Game Reserve 118

  Lalla, Commissioner Ray 200

  Lam, Nguyen Van 257

  Kumleben, Judge Mark 60–61

  Landbou Weekblad magazine 170

  Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) vii, 111, 287–290 see also Xaysavang Export-Import Company

  Lategan Capt Piet 73–74, 77, 81, 85–86, 90, 95–97, 271

  Leathem, Blondie 3, 7–8, 19–22, 132

  Le Chêne, Evelyn 71, 79

  Lee, Charles 253–255

  Leeuwbosch farm 108, 166, 167

  legal trade in rhino 107–108, 112, 137, 139–142, 227

  CITES ban 58, 59, 108, 112, 137, 140

  Lembede Investment Holdings 208

  Lemmer, Faan 13–14, 15–16

  Lemtongthai, Chumlong (Chai) 156, 160–167, 179 182–189, 191–193, 301

  leopard trophies 24–25, 27, 34, 142–143

  Leseding township 195–196, 197

  Leslie, Bruce 218

  Letsatsi La Africa Wild Animal and Predator Park 171

  lion bones 156, 160, 164, 170–174, 187

  use of 173

  lion carcasses, export of 172

  lions, ‘canned’ hunting of 97, 123, 170

  Loan, Mrs Tu 282–283

  Longreach (Pty) Ltd 80–81, 89

  Lopes, José Francisco (Lobbs) 47, 53–55, 60

  Luangwa Valley 19, 76, 110

  Lubbe, Capt Herman 195–198, 203

  Lubisi, Dumisane 208

  Lukman, John C Jnr 22, 24–28, 35, 38–40, 42

  and rhino horn 31–37

  weapons trading 28–31, 38, 39–40

  Lumbe, Andrew 196

  Lusaka 20, 53, 56

  Luyt, Louis 66

  M99 anaesthetic 175

  Mabasa, Joey 159

  Mabuza, Enos 87

 

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