Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Page 9
13. US House of Representatives, “US Policy and the Crisis in Liberia,” Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 101st Congress, 2nd Session, June 19, 1990, http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017170666;view=1up;seq=1.
14. Michael R. Gordon, “US Forces Evacuate 74 after Threats in Liberia,” New York Times, August 6, 1990, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/06/world/us-forces-evacuate-74-after-threats-in-liberia.html.
15. The Carter Center, “Observing the 1997 Special Elections,” https://www.cartercenter.org/documents/electionreports/democracy/FinalReportLiberia1997.pdf; Howard French, citing Amos Sawyer in “US Wins Liberians’ Pledge to Back Truce,” http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/26/world/us-wins-liberians-pledge-to-back-truce.html.
16. “Rwanda: OAU Report, 07/07/00,” last updated July 7, 2000, http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic-070800.html
17. Carter Center, “Observing the 1997 Elections,” 45.
18. Sirleaf, This Child Will Be Great, 221.
19. Anna Schecter, “Prosecutor: Pat Robertson Had Gold Deal with African Dictator,” ABC News, February 4, 2010, http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/pat-robertsons-gold-deal-african-dictator/story?id=9749341.
20. Sirleaf, This Child Will Be Great, 219, 221.
21. International Crisis Group, Liberia: The Key to Ending Regional Instability, April 24, 2002, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west-africa/liberia/Liberia%20The%20Key%20to%20Ending%20Regional%20Instability.pdf.
22. “Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf Returns Home, Meets with Taylor Today,” Perspective, September 24, 2001.
23. “‘Taylor Responds to Pressure,’ Says Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf,” Perspective, August 4, 2001.
24. International Crisis Group, Liberia: The Key to Ending Regional Instability, 16.
25. Ibid., 19.
26. Marlise Simons, “Ex-President of Liberia Aided War Crimes, Court Rules,” New York Times, last updated April 26, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/world/africa/charles-taylor-liberia-sierra-leone-war-crimes-court-verdict.html?pagewanted=all.
27. Abdoulaye W. Dukulé, “Liberia: Sirleaf to Chair Commission on Good Governance: ‘We Can’t Slip Back,’” AllAfrica, last updated November 12, 2003, http://allafrica.com/stories/200311120271.html.
Chapter 4: Women and Postconflict Liberia
1. Elizabeth Rehn and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, “Women, War, and Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace,” UNIFEM (2002), vii, http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2002/1/women-war-peace-the-independent-experts-assessment-on-the-impact-of-armed-conflict-on-women-and-women-s-role-in-peace-building-progress-of-the-world-s-women-2002-vol-1.
2. Leymah Gbowee, Mighty Be Our Powers: How Sisterhood, Prayer, and Sex Changed a Nation at War (New York: Beast Books, 2011), 167.
3. Marquette University, “Honorary Degree Recipient: Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” October 23, 2006, http://www.marquette.edu/universityhonors/honors_sirleaf.shtml.
4. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa’s First Woman President (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 244.
5. Gbowee, Mighty Be Our Powers, 169.
6. Sirleaf, This Child Will Be Great, 251.
7. Ibid., 252.
8. Andrew Rice, “George Weah’s New Game,” New York Times, August 21, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/21/magazine/21WEAH.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
9. United Nations, “Liberia: Elections Mark Historic Turning Point,” Major Peacekeeping Operations, accessed August 2, 2014, http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/publications/yir/2005/PDFs/major_pk_operations.pdf.
10. Lydia Polgreen, “In First for Africa, Woman Wins Election as President of Liberia,” New York Times, last updated November 12, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/12/international/africa/12liberia.html?pagewanted=all.
11. US House of Representatives, “Text of Congratulating President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf for Becoming the First Democratically Elected Female President of the Republic of Liberia and the First Female African Head of State,” H.Con Res. 327 (109th Congress, 2005–2006), December 18, 2005, https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/109/hconres327/text.
12. Philip Marcelo, “Rebuilding Liberia: Chafee Recalls Liberia’s First Post War Election,” last updated August 2, 2013, http://www.providencejournal.com/breaking-news/content/20130802-rebuilding-liberia-chafee-recalls-liberia-s-first-post-war-election.ece.
Chapter 5: President Sirleaf
1. “Liberia: Text of Inaugural Address by President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia,” All Africa, January 17, 2006, http://allafrica.com/stories/200601170106.html.
2. “Liberia’s Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf Addresses Congress,” PBS Newshour, last updated March 15, 2006, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa-jan-june06-liberia_3-15/.
3. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa’s First Woman President (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 295.
4. Dorsey & Whitney LLP, “Liberia Is Not Ready: A Report of Country Conditions in Liberia and Reasons the United States Should Not End Temporary Protected Status for Liberians,” for Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights (August 2007), dorsey.com/files/upload/DorseyProBonoReport0807Liberia_is_not_Ready.pdf.
5. UNMIL, “Liberia: UNMIL Humanitarian Situation Report No. 110,” July 1, 2007, http://reliefweb.int/report/liberia/liberia-unmil-humanitarian-situation-report-no-110.
6. Government Printing Office, “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices,” 2008, 335.
7. The New Dawn, transcript of interview with President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Paynesville, Monday, July 1, 2013, http://www.thenewdawnliberia.com/~thenewd1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1798:weah-warns-supporters&catid=25:politics&Itemid=59.
8. Peace A. Medie, “Fighting Gender-Based Violence: The Women’s Movement and the Enforcement of Rape Law in Liberia,” African Affairs 112, no. 448 (2013): 377–97.
9. Stéphanie Vig, “The Liberian Rape Amendment Act and the United Nations: A Critical Evaluation of the Law-Making Process” (MPhil thesis, Balliol College, Oxford University, 2007).
10. The Liberian TRC final report is accessible at http://trcofliberia.org/reports/final-report.
11. Marie-Claire O. Omanyondo, “Sexual Gender-Based Violence and Health Faculity Needs Assessment (Montserrado and Bong Counties), Liberia,” World Health Organization, September 6–21, 2004, 18, http://www.who.int/hac/crises/lbr/Liberia_GBV_2004_FINAL.pdf?ua=1.
12. “Witness Jesus Swaray: ‘I Saw Madam Sirleaf in Military Uniform,’” Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia Website, http://trcofliberia.org/press_releases/115.
13. Sirleaf, This Child Will Be Great, 174–76.
14. “Ellen: I Have Absolutely Not Supported Any Warring Faction,” January 12, 2009, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia Website, http://trcofliberia.org/press_releases/28.
15. “A Conversation with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” Council on Foreign Relations, November 28, 2012, http://www.cfr.org/liberia/conversation-Sirleaf-johnson-sirleaf/p29177.
16. Prue Clarke and Emily Schmall, “Liberia’s Election: Hard Times for Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” http://www.newsweek.com/liberias-election-hard-times-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-68251
17. “Sirleaf Does Not Deserve Nobel Prize, Say Weah, Tubman,” Reuters, October 7, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/07/us-nobel-liberia-idUSTRE7966HW20111007.
Conclusion
1. “Liberia: Probing the ‘Bad Deeds’ of the Sirleaf-led Govt,” All Africa, April 22, 2013, accessed May 17, 2015, http://allafrica.com/stories/201304222102.html.
2. Seltue R. Karweaye, “All in the Family: African President’s Children Succession, Is Liberia Next?,”Front Page Africa, July 18, 2014, http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/op-ed/commentaries-features/2343-all-in-the-family-african-president-s-children-succeession-is-liberia-next.
3. “George
Weah Wins Seat in Liberia’s Senate,” Guardian, December 28, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/28/george-weah-wins-seat-liberia-senate-monrovia.
4. James Giahyue, “Liberia Justice Minister Quits, Says President Blocked Investigation,” October 7, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/07/us-liberia-politics-idUSKCN0HW17220141007.
5. Council on Foreign Relations, “A Conversation with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” May 25, 2010, http://www.cfr.org/liberia/conversation-ellen-johnson-sirleaf/p34766.
6. “Rape: Liberia’s New War” Malay Mail Online, June 8, 2014, http://www.themalaymailonline.com/features/article/rape-liberias-new-war#sthash.iAMAqSJg.dpuf.
7. Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2011: The State of the World’s Human Rights (London: Amnesty International, 2011), 209.
8. Blair Glencorse, “Liberia Ten Years On—Corruption and Accountability Remain Country’s Biggest Challenges,” August 16, 2013, http://owcl.wordpress.com/2013/08/16/liberia-ten-years-on-corruption-and-accountability-remain-countrys-biggest-challenges/.
9. Global Witness, “Signing Their Lives Away: Liberia’s Private Use Permits and the Destruction of Community-Owned Rainforest,” September 2012.
10. Bernard Gbayee Goah, “War Crimes Court for Liberia Is Necessary,” December 2, 2013, https://owcl.wordpress.com/2013/12/02/war-crimes-court-for-liberia-is-necessary/.
11. “Transcript of Interview with H. E. President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” July 1, 2013, http://www.emansion.gov.lr/doc/Transcript_of_Interview%20with_HE_President_ELBC.pdf.
12. “Liberia Declares State of Emergency over Ebola Virus,” BBC News, August 7, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-28684561.
13. Cerue Konah Garlo, “Liberia Cannot Cope with Ebola,” August 20, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/20/opinion/garlo-ebola-liberia/index.html.
14. Al-Varney Rogers, “Liberia: CDC Boss Bemoans Liberia—‘Worst Ever Ebola Outbreak,’” August 28, 2014, accessed May 15, 2015, http://allafrica.com/stories/201408281197.html.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR),” November 21, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6346a8.htm.
16. “Ebola in Perspective: The Role of Popular Music in Crisis Situations in West Africa,” Africa Is a Country, http://africasacountry.com/2014/10/ebola-in-perspective/; “How to Make a Hit Song about Ebola,” Atlantic, August 25, 2014.
17. Rick Gladstone, “Liberian Leader Concedes Errors in Response to Ebola,” March 11, 2015, accessed May 15, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/world/africa/liberian-leader-concedes-errors-in-response-to-ebola.html?_r=0.
18. Prue Clarke and Emily Schmall, “Liberia’s Election: Hard Times for Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” October 2, 2011, http://www.newsweek.com/liberias-election-hard-times-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-68251.
19. Council on Foreign Relations, “A Conversation with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,” September 28, 2012, http://www.cfr.org/liberia/conversation-Sirleaf-johnson-sirleaf/p29177.
Selected Bibliography
Brooks, Angie E. “Political Participation of Women in Africa South of the Sahara.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 375, no. 1 (January 1968): 82–85.
The Carter Center. “Observing the 1997 Special Elections Process in Liberia.” https://www.cartercenter.org/documents/electionreports/democracy/FinalReportLiberia1997.pdf.
Cooper, Helene. The House at Sugar Beach: In Search of a Lost African Childhood. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008.
County Development Committee. Grand Gedeh County Development Agenda, Republic of Liberia, 2008–2012. Republic of Liberia, n.d. http://www.mia.gov.lr/doc/Grand%20Gedeh%20CDA_web.pdf.
Dukulé, Abdoulaye W. “Liberia: Sirleaf to Chair Commission on Good Governance: ‘We Can’t Slip Back.’” AllAfrica, November 12, 2003. http://allafrica.com/stories/200311120271.htm.
Fraenkel, Merran. Tribe and Class in Monrovia. Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press, 1964.
Frank, Cecil Franweah. “A Critical Look at the Role of the Diaspora in Liberia’s Development.” Liberian Dialogue, last updated January 3, 2013, http://theliberiandialogue.org/2013/01/03/a-critical-look-at-the-role-of-the-diaspora-in-liberias-development.
Fuest, Veronika. “Liberia’s Women Acting for Peace: Collective Action in a War-Affected Country.” In Movers and Shakers: Social Movements in Africa, edited by Stephen Ellis and Ineke Van Kessel, 114–37. Boston: Brill, 2009.
Gbowee, Leymah, with Carol Mithers. Mighty Be Our Powers: How Sisterhood, Prayer, and Sex Changed a Nation at War. New York: Beast Books, 2011.
International Crisis Group. Liberia: The Key to Ending Regional Instability. Africa Report No. 43. Freetown/Brussels, 2002. http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west-africa/liberia/Liberia%20The%20Key%20to%20Ending%20Regional%20Instability.pdf.
Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Final Report. http://trcofliberia.org/reports/final-report.
Marcelo, Philip. “Rebuilding Liberia: Chafee Recalls Liberia’s First Post War Election.” Providence Journal, August 2, 2013. http://www.providencejournal.com/breaking-news/content/20130802-rebuilding-liberia-chafee-recalls-liberia-s-first-post-war-election.ece.
Marinelli, Lawrence A. “Liberia’s Open-Door Policy.” Journal of Modern African Studies 2, no. 1 (1964): 91–98.
Marquette University. “Honorary Degree Recipient: Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.” October 23, 2006. http://www.marquette.edu/universityhonors/honors_sirleaf.shtml.
Medie, Peace A. “Fighting Gender-Based Violence: The Women’s Movement and the Enforcement of Rape Law in Liberia.” African Affairs 112, no. 448 (2013): 377–97.
Moran, Mary H. Civilized Women: Gender and Prestige in Southeastern Liberia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.
. Liberia: The Violence of Democracy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
Nyanseor, Siahyonkron. “Putting the Matilda Newport Myth to Rest, Part I.” Perspective, December 1, 2003. http://www.theperspective.org/december2003/newportmyth.html.
Rehn, Elizabeth, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. “Women, War, and Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace.” UNIFEM (2002). http://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2002/1/women-war-peace-the-independent-experts-assessment-on-the-impact-of-armed-conflict-on-women-and-women-s-role-in-peace-building-progress-of-the-world-s-women-2002-vol-1.
Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson. This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa’s First Woman President. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010.
Tripp, Aili. “Regional Networking as Transnational Feminism.” African Gender Institute. http://agi.ac.za/sites/agi.ac.za/files/fa_4_feature_article_3.pdf.
United Nations. “Liberia: Elections Mark Historic Turning Point.” Major Peacekeeping Operations, 2005. http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/publications/yir/2005/PDFs/major_pk_operations.pdf.
United States House of Representatives. “US Policy and the Crisis in Liberia.” Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 101st Congress, 2nd Session, June 19, 1990. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017170666;view=1up;seq=1.
van der Kraaij, Fred P. M. “Iron Ore: The Start of Operations of Liberia’s First Iron Ore Mine.” Liberia: Past and Present of Africa’s Oldest Republic. http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/ODP/IronOre/IronOreC.htm.
. “President Charles D. B. King (1920–1930): The 1926 Firestone Concession Agreement.” Liberia: Past and Present of Africa’s Oldest Republic. http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/1926FirestoneCA.htm.
Vig, Stéphanie. “The Liberian Rape Amendment Act and the United Nations: A Critical Evaluation of the Law-Making Process.” MPhil thesis, Balliol College, Oxford University, 2007.
Index
Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement/Peace Accord, 69, 74
African Union, 103
American
Colonization Society, 19–20
Americo-Liberians, 19, 20–21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 34, 40–41, 45, 78, 95
Association for Constitutional Democracy, 54–55,
Association of Female Lawyers of Liberia (AFELL), 92
Bomi County, 23, 27, 34, 38, 109
Brooks, Angie E., 28, 124
Bryant, Gyude, 69, 74
Bush, George W., President, 68
capacity, 39, 86, 91, 102, 106, 111
Carter, Jimmy, President, 48, 59, 63, 64
Carter Center, 9, 16, 59, 62–63, 90, 99
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 109, 110
CIA, 33, 54
civil war, 15–17, 21, 37, 44, 60, 65, 82, 83, 87, 91, 92, 94
Cold War, 33, 48, 51, 53, 60, 100
College of West Africa, 27, 38
Congo, 19, 20, 23, 41, 43, 45, 46, 95
Cooper, Helene, 41, 45
corruption, 37, 42, 46, 49, 50, 52, 83, 98, 101–6
Côte d’Ivoire, 18, 43, 55, 64, 88
diaspora, 33, 36, 88, 93
Doe, Samuel, 42–59, 92, 97
Ebola, 15, 16, 17, 91, 103, 108–11
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 58, 62, 69
ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), 58, 62
election: of 1985, 50–53, 55; of 1997, 62–64, 65, 66, 67; of 2005, 69, 70, 75–80, 82; of 2011, 97–99, 101, 111; free and fair, pressure for, 56; South African, 92
Firestone, 22, 33, 35, 38, 83, 106–7
Garlo, Cerue, 76
Gbowee, Leymah, 13, 15, 47, 71–72, 75–77
gender, 46, 70, 71, 87, 91, 93, 94
gender-based violence, 90, 92
Gibson, Larry, 76–77
Grand Gedeh County, 43, 44
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Equator Bank, 52, 73
Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL), 57, 58, 65
indirect rule, 21
Karman, Twakkol, 13, 72
Kennedy, John F., President, 32
Knuckles, Willis, 76
Krahn, 44, 59
Johnson, Prince, 57, 58, 99