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Phoenix Program

Page 63

by Douglas Valentine


  background and origins of, 19–38

  covert action programs of, 43–44, 46–47, 56

  and end of Vietnam War, 390–391, 406

  infiltration and penetration by, 109–112, 335–336

  modus vivendi of, 213–223

  organization of, 38–40

  PICs and, 73–74, 80, 82, 83, 85, 87–88

  psychological warfare and, 280–290

  publications of, 334–335

  systematizing of operations against, 113–142

  VCIIS (Viet Cong Infrastructure Information System), 258–259

  Vien, Mrs., 303 Viera, Jose Rodolfo, 422

  Vietcong Memoir, A (Tran Van Truong), 156, 234

  Vietminh, 22–29, 58, 74

  colonialism opposed by, 22–24

  Diem and, 27–29

  see also VC; VCI

  Vietnam:

  colonial rule of, 20–22

  political demarcations of, 20, 22, 24

  Vietnam: A History (Karnow), 20

  Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (North), 53, 90, 128, 194, 195

  Vietnam, Republic of (South), 34, 39, 41, 47, 60, 90, 220, 280, 399

  ceasefire and last days of, 404–419

  Diem’s downfall and, 51–56

  and end of Vietnam War, 404, 411, 413, 417–419

  “infrastructure” as understood by, 185–186

  interrogation networks in, 73–88

  modus vivendi of, 213–215

  “nation building” strategy in, 160

  as prison regime, 221, 349

  as scapegoats, 276

  Soviet Union compared with, 69

  U.S. support of, 47, 148–149, 174, 186–188, 256–257, 303–305, 387, 391

  Vietnam: The Secret War (Generous), 26

  Vietnamese History from 1939–1975 (Huy), 24

  Vietnamization, 254–279

  corruption and, 266–271

  intelligence networks restructured in, 266–279

  policies and implementation of, 254–265

  reforms in, 291–302

  Vietnam War:

  end of, 404–419

  new breed of officers in, 163

  northern bombing as beginning of, 53

  suppression of dissent against, 336–339

  Village in Vietnam, 105

  Village Voice, 312

  Vincent, Vance, 357

  Vinh, Major, 407, 409

  Vinh Loc, 189

  VIS (Vietnam Information System), 51, 282

  VNQDD (Vietnam Qiioc Dan Dang), 22, 64, 67, 344

  VNTF (Vietnam Task Force), 298–299

  Volkman, Dennis, 425

  Vo Nguyen Giap, 22

  Vung Tau program, see RDC

  Vu Nhoc Nha, 305

  Wall, Bob, 124–126, 139, 140–141, 184, 191, 208, 373, 390, 393, 424

  Waller, Efram E., 384

  Wall Street Journal, 264, 276, 314

  Walt, Lou, 124–125

  Walters, Howard, 51

  Walton, Frank, 35, 260, 348

  War Comes to Long An (Race), 32, 258

  Ward, Jim, 160, 169, 173, 208, 225, 254, 265, 321

  interviews with, 109, 137–138, 150, 163, 172, 205–207, 278–279, 281–282

  Washington Monthly, 179

  Washington Post, 163, 314, 388

  Weidhas, Al, 329

  Weisz, George, 278

  Welch, David, 162–163

  West, Dave, 127, 136, 156, 371

  Westbrook, Colston, 337

  Westmoreland, William, 91, 118, 146, 253

  libel suit of, 272–273

  as MACV commander, 57, 64, 113, 116, 127, 135, 152–153, 181, 342

  on pacification, 89

  Wheeler, Earle, 135, 297

  Wilbur, John, 163–173, 176, 177–178, 255–256

  Williams, Ogden, 57, 281

  Willson, Brian, 215–216

  Wilson, “Coal Bin” Willie (Wilber), 208–209, 382, 385

  Winne, John, 77

  Wisner, Frank, 406, 417

  With The Contras (Dickey), 426

  Woodsman, John, 72, 106

  World War I, 22, 62, 100, 338

  World War II, 12, 47, 69, 90, 91, 143, 192, 198, 300

  Yarborough, William, 91, 338

  Yoh, Bernard, 37

  Yoonchul Mo, 357

  Yothers, Charlie, 319

  Young, Stephen, 107

  Zasloff, J. J., 28, 33

  Zinman, William, 311–312

  Zorthian, Barry, 71

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  This book is dedicated to my darling wife, Alice. Special thanks to my father for his editorial assistance; the Fitchburg Arts Council for its financial aid; Adria Henderson, Bill McCoy, Jack Madden, John Kelly, and Nick Proffitt for their comradeship; Sandy Kelson, Larry Hill, and Andy McKevitt for their generosity; Dave Coggeshall, Ian Fleming, the Fat Angel, and Robert Graves for inspiration; Lucy Nhiem Hong Nguyen, Lien Johnson, and Pham Thi Ngoc Chan for their efforts on my behalf; Larry Tunison for the night on the town; and all those who contributed to this book.

  About the Author

  Douglas Valentine is the author of four books of historical nonfiction: The Hotel Tacloban, The Phoenix Program, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America’s War on Drugs, and The Strength of the Pack: The Personalities, Politics and Espionage Intrigues that Shaped the DEA. He is the author of the novel TDY, and a book of poems, A Crow’s Dream. He is also the editor of the poetry anthology With Our Eyes Wide Open: Poems of the New American Century (West End Press, 2014). He lives with his wife, Alice, in Massachusetts.

  All rights reserved, including without limitation the right to reproduce this ebook or any portion thereof in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.

  Copyright © 1990 by Douglas Valentine

  Cover design by Andrea Worthington

  ISBN: 978-1-4976-2020-9

  This edition published in 2014 by Open Road Integrated Media, Inc.

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