Greek Historiography
Page 51
53–63, 64–5, 66
and Polybius, 168, 202, 210, 215,
and Xenophon, 126, 129, 132,
225, 234, 235
133, 134–5, 141, 142, 145,
Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, 37, 44, 46
149, 154, 157, 158, 278
power theme, 38–9, 44–5, 53–60,
Hesiod, 6, 8, 10, 13, 18, 19, 227
65 see also archē, dunamis,
Hippys of Rhegium, historia, 195–6
and kratos
history, universal see universal history
and Posidonius, 240
Hobbes, Thomas, 38, 75
proem, 28–9
Homer
relation to predecessors, 2–3, 17,
Arrian, 261–2, 263
18–21, 22
Ephorus, 178
ring composition in, 35, 64
Greek historiography, 5–8, 9, 10,
Salamis, battle of, 13, 21, 30,
11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22,
60–62, 64, 116, 133
161, 186, 276, 277, 279, 286
Sardis, 40, 48, 50, 51
Herodotus, 7–8, 32, 35, 61
science, 31–3
Polybius, 204, 230, 234
Scythia, 30, 46–7
Thucydides, 1, 70, 73–4, 76, 77,
Simonides of Ceos, 13–14
79, 90, 91, 98, 102, 120
Solon, 12, 40
Timaeus, 199
Sparta, 48–49, 51, 57–8
Xenophon, 135
speeches in, 16, 35–5, 279
hubris (insolent violence), 32, 41,
storytelling in, 31, 34–5
44–5, 55–7, 63, 74, 149, 258,
structure of his work, 30–31
263, 284
Syloson of Samos, 45–6
human nature, ancient interest in, see
Themistocles, Athenian general, 58,
also character
60–62
Dio Cassius, 266
and Theopompus, 177, 180,
Diodorus Siculus, 242
184, 185
Herodian, 282–3
Thermopylae, battle of, 55, 59–61,
Herodotus, 31, 36–7, 41, 44–5,
63–4, 153, 155
55–7, 63, 277
and Thucydides, 32, 34, 35, 38, 52,
Oxyrhynchus historian, 173–4
54, 56, 57, 63, 66, 69, 70,
Polybius, 202, 208–9, 210–213,
72–8, 90, 91, 92, 95, 113,
225–8
116, 120, 163, 276
Posidonius, 241
Tisamenus of Elis, Spartan seer, 63
Thucydides, 78, 80, 82–90, 96–7,
travels, 27–8
282–3
Index
325
inscriptions (epigraphic records), 7, 9,
in Polybius, 210, 231, 234
43, 170, 178, 192, 197,
in Thucydides, 74, 77, 79–81, 83,
204, 214
86, 93, 101, 107, 163
in Thucydides, 74, 76, 104
in Xenophon, 134, 140, 142, 149,
Ion of Chios, poet, 13
155
Isocrates of Athens, orator, 164,
175–6
kratos (power, might) theme, 38–9
and Ephorus, 175–6, 177, 178
in Arrian, 263
and Theopompus, 175–6, 179, 184
in Herodotus, 38–9, 42, 44, 45,
47, 50–51, 53, 57, 59, 60, 63
John of Antioch, historian, 270
Josephus, historian, 237, 249–54,
late antiquity, historiography in, 270
270, 271, 298–9
leadership theme, 249, 280, 281,
Alexander the Great and Julius
286–88
Caesar compared, 282
Appian, 287–8
Bible used as source, 253
Diodorus Siculus, 244
divine causation, 252–3, 282, 284–5
Herodotus, 59, 286
Epaphroditus, supporter, 253
Josephus, 249, 253–4, 287–8
imperialism, Roman, 251–2, 282
Oxyrhynchus historian, 173
and Jerusalem, 251, 252
Polybius, 202, 220
Jewish Antiquities, 252–3
Theopompus, 185, 287
and the Julio–Claudian emperors,
Thucydides, 87, 101, 105, 112,
254, 282
113, 286
leadership motif, 287–8
Xenophon, 126, 128–9, 132–5,
literary context, 250, 251
136, 138, 139, 140, 144, 146,
Masada, siege of, 252
147, 154–5, 156–7, 283, 284,
and Nero, 249–50
286–7
and Nicolaus of Damascus, 245, 253
logographers ( logographoi; prose
and non–Greeks, 289
chroniclers), 2, 17–20, 21–2,
and Polybius, 253
32, 35, 92, 277, 279
power motif, 253–4, 282, 283
Longinus, Pseudo–, 163, 166
pro–Roman bias, 250–251
Lydia and the Lydians, 27, 31, 36,
speeches, 250, 280, 283
40, 50, 134, 137, 176, 261
and Strabo, 253
Lysander of Sparta, admiral, 145,
and Thucydides, 250, 251, 252
146, 148–9, 172, 185
and Titus, 248–9, 250, 251
and Vespasian, 250, 251
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 38
justice, 16, 167–8, 278, 280, 283, 285
Malalas, Ioannes, historian, 270
in Appian, 258
Marcellinus, biographer, 71–2
cosmic, 32, 39, 64, 74, 285
Meister, K., 177
in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 247
Miletus, 10, 14, 18, 19, 47–50,
in Ephorus, 178
136, 261
in Herodotus, 53, 64, 65
Miltiades of Athens, 47, 50–53,
and Plato, 38–9
70, 177
326 Index
mimēsis (representation) in historical
and Thucydides, 171, 174
narrative, 162–5
and Xenophon, 172–3
and Ephorus, 178
Mimnermus of Smyrna, poet, 12, 13
Panyassis of Halicarnassus, poet, 13, 26
Momigliano, A., 177
Pausanias II, Spartan king, 63–4, 74,
84, 94–5, 150, 151
Nicolaus of Damascus, historian, 237,
Pausanias, travel writer, 71, 169, 191,
245, 271, 298
203, 204, 238
and Appian, 257
Pericles, 27, 53
used by Josephus, 245, 253
Ephorus, 178–9, 288
non–Greeks (barbarians; “other”),
funeral oration, 2, 16, 63, 70, 79
portrayal of, 288–9
Herodotus, 53, 63, 65
in Diodorus Siculus, 244, 289
Isocrates, 176
Greeks as “others” to Romans, 271
Plato, 162
in Hecataeus, 20
Polybius, 211
in Hellanicus, 21
in Thucydides, 56, 70, 72, 75, 79,
in Herodotus, 10, 11, 27, 28, 40,
82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 95,
43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55,
96–101, 112, 114, 116, 118,
57, 63, 64, 66
120, 278, 281, 286, 288
in Josephus, 289
Xenophon, 133
in Xenophon, 132
Peripatetic philosophy, 166, 213
and Nicolaus of Damascus, 245
oracles, 36, 40–41, 53, 58, 60–61,
Pharnabazus, Persian satrap
63, 77, 99, 127–8, 151, 152,
(provincial ruler)
155, 192, 193, 194, 254, 262,
> in the Oxyrhynchus historian, 173
263, 284, 285
in Xenophon, 141, 152
oral tradition, 6, 33, 91–2, 239, 277
Philistus of Syracuse, historian, 196–7
oratory see speeches
initiator of chronology by
Otanes of Persia, 44–6, 47–8
Olympiads, 197
Oxyrhynchus historian, author of
and Timaeus, 198
Hellenica Oxyrhyncia, 151–2,
Philochorus, Atthidographer,
162–3, 168, 170–175,
169–70, 186
186, 295
philosophy and historical writing, 166–8,
anti–Spartan perspective, 173, 287
280–282 see also Aristotle,
on Athenian factionalism, 171–2
Peripatetic, philosophy, Plato,
Conon of Athens, favorable view of,
Skepticism, Socrates, Stoicism
170, 171, 173, 174, 287
Phrynichus, dramatist, 14
on the Corinthian War, 172–3
Phylarchus of Athens, historian,
and Cratippus of Athens, 170–171,
164–5, 230
174–5
Pindar, poet, 14
and Diodorus Siculus, 172
Pisistratids, tyrants of Athens, 41, 49,
on human motivation, 173–4
50–51, 52, 53, 74, 110
on leadership, 173
Plato, 38–9, 70, 81, 130, 162, 166–7,
speeches, lack of, 280
176, 178, 180, 196, 211, 227,
and Theopompus, 170–171
252, 278
Index
327
Plutarch, 129, 131, 165, 174, 183,
Cornelius Scipio Africanus, P.,
194, 196, 199, 238, 249, 250,
228–9, 230
257, 259
Cynoscephylae, battle of, 231
Polybius, 202–36
Demetrius of Macedon,
Achaeans, people of the northern
king, 209, 219
Peloponnese, 203, 219–220,
Demetrius of Phalerum, 208
232–3, 287
didacticism, 207, 212
Aemilius Paulus, L., (consul 225,
dramatic elements in, 208,
219 BC), 219, 223
221–2, 234
Aemilius Paulus ‘Macedonicus’, L.,
empire theme (imperialism), 202,
203, 206
206–7, 214, 215–6, 217,
Agron, King of Illyria, 209, 218–19
222–3, 225, 226, 229, 231–2,
Alexander the Great of Macedon,
233–4, 235
208, 231
epic elements in, 204–5, 228, 230,
Alps crossed by Hannibal, 222
234
Antiochus III the Great,
Fabius Maximus, Quintus (consul
King of Syria, 220, 221,
233 BC; general), 209, 223,
227–8, 232–3
227, 287
Antigonus III Doson, of Macedon,
Flamininus G. (consul 223 BC),
220
209, 231–2, 280, 287
Aratus of Sicyon, 209, 211–2, 220,
fortune ( tychē; chance), 202,
223, 283
208–9, 214–5, 216, 217, 218,
Aristaenus of Achaea, 209, 232, 287
227, 231, 232, 234
Aristotle, 212–3, 227
Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian
authorial self–reference, 207, 215
general and father of Hannibal,
biological schema applied
207, 208, 218, 221
to states, 226
Hannibal, Carthaginian general,
Cannae, battle of, 220, 223, 227
204, 207, 208, 209, 210–212,
causation, concern for historical,
217, 218, 220–223, 224, 227,
207–8, 209, 221–2
228, 230, 234
character, individual and national,
Hasdrubal, 208, 217–18, 221, 223,
205, 208, 209–13, 218,
230, 234, 278
219–20, 224, 225–7, 228,
and Hecataeus, 233
235, 283, 287
and Herodotus, 202, 210, 215,
character sketches of Hannibal and
225, 234, 235
Scipio, 228–9
human nature/psychology, 202,
Cleomenean War, 220
208–9, 210–213, 225–8
constitutions, 202–3, 204, 207–8,
on historical writing, 229–30
216, 220, 223, 224–7,
later reception of, 238, 239–40,
248, 278
242, 244, 247, 248, 250, 251,
Cornelius Scipio, P. (consul 218
253, 257, 258, 265, 268,
BCE), 222
271, 276, 278, 279, 280,
Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, P.,
281, 282–3, 284, 286, 287,
203–5, 207, 209–10, 233,
288, 289
234, 287
life of, 203–5
328 Index
Polybius ( cont’d)
and Polybius, 276
Lilybaeum, siege of, 218
and Timaeus, 199
Lycurgus, Spartan lawgiver, 224,
used by Diodorus Siculus, 242
226, 228
power, 280–282 see also archē,
Macedonian Wars, First, Second
dunamis, empire, kratos
and Third, 221–2
in Appian, 257–8, 282
navy, Roman, 216–18
in Arrian, 263
Philip II of Macedon, 228
in Dio Cassius, 266, 267, 282
Philip V of Macedon, 209, 211–12,
in Diodorus Siculus, 242–5, 281
220, 221–2, 223–4, 227–8,
in Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
231, 232, 233
246–8, 282, 286
Philopoemen of Megalopolis, 209,
in Herodian, 269
220, 232, 287
in Herodotus, 36–37, 38–9, 40,
power, 206–7, 208–9, 212, 214,
42–3, 44–6, 47, 49, 50–51,
217, 220, 223, 224–5, 226,
53–60, 62, 63, 65, 282, 284
228–9, 232–4, 235
in Josephus, 253–4, 282, 283
pragmatism, 203, 207, 210, 214,
in the Oxyrhynchus historian,
222, 225, 233
173, 174
preface to his history, 213–15
in Polybius, 206–7, 208–9, 212,
Ptolemy Epiphanes, 230
214, 217, 220, 223, 224–5,
Ptolemy Philopator, 220
226, 227, 228–9, 232–4, 235
‘raven device’, naval weapon, 217
in Theopompus, 183, 185
Regulus, Roman naval commander,
theories of, modern and ancient,
217, 227
37–9
speeches, 220, 224, 229–30
in Thucydides, 1–2, 78–82, 89, 90,
Stoicism, 213
91–2, 94–5, 96, 97–8,
Tarentum, siege of, 228
99–100, 104, 109, 111,
Teuta, Queen of Illyria, 209, 219
112–3, 116, 281, 282
and Theopompus, 228, 230
in Xenophon, 126, 132, 133, 138,
and Thucydides, 202, 206–8,
141–2, 145–8, 149–50, 151,
210, 214, 215, 221, 225,
152–5, 156–7
226, 234, 235
prefaces (proems) in ancient
and Timaeus, 229–30, 280, 288
historians, 276, 279
Trasimene (Thrasymene), battle of,
in Appian, 255–6, 257–8
222
in Ar
rian, 260–261
and Xenophon, 202, 208, 210,
in Diodorus Siculus, 242, 244
215, 221, 225, 235
in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 246
Porter, James, 176
in Ephorus, 177, 178
Posidonius of Apamea (Syria), Stoic
in Herodian, 268
philosopher and historian, 237,
in Herodotus, 10, 28–9, 34, 43,
238, 240–241, 297
51, 56
and Arrian, 263
in Josephus, 253
human causation, 241
Odyssean proem in Polybian
political bias, 240, 289
inscription, 204
Index
329
in Polybius, 203, 204, 213–15,
in Posidonius, 241
220, 224, 227, 279
in Thucydides, allusion to, 79
in Theopompus, 180, 182
Sophism, 70, 81, 161, 166, 167, 175
in Thucydides, 52, 77–8, 92, 104,
in Ephorus, 178
105, 215
in Thucydides, 73–5, 82–3, 120
in Xenophon, omission of, 144, 279
in Xenophon, 146
Presocratic philosophers, 9–10,
speeches, 5, 7, 15, 16–17, 161–2,
73–4, 120
163, 276, 279–80
Procopius of Caesarea, historian, 270
in Alexandrian historians, 195
Ptolemy Soter. Alexander Historian,
in Appian, 255, 256, 280
192–3
in Arrian, 250, 264
in Cratippus, lack of, 174
ring composition, 35, 64, 91, 94
in Dio Cassius, 265–6, 267, 280
rhetoric see speeches
in Diodorus Siculus, 243, 280
in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 248
Salamis, battle of, 13, 21, 30, 60–62,
in Duris, 164, 165
64, 116, 133
in Herodian, 269, 280
Sallust, Latin historian, 215, 237,
in Herodotus, 16, 35–7, 49, 52, 279
240, 241
Isocrates use of, 176
used by Appian, 257
in Josephus, 250, 251, 280, 283
and Thucydides, 240, 282–3
in the logographers, 17, 22
Samos, 27, 37, 44, 45–6, 119, 147,
in Oxyrhynchus historian, lack of,
163, 172
171, 280
Sardis, 20, 40, 48, 50, 51, 127, 132,
in Polybius, 220, 224, 229–30
136, 151, 204, 228, 261, 270
in Theopompus, 179–80
Scepticism, 166–7
in Thucydides, 1–2, 72, 73, 75–7,
seers, 209
81–2, 86, 92, 93–4, 94–5,
Aristobulus, 194
96–7, 98, 99–100, 101,
Arrian, 263
103, 108–9, 109, 112–13,
Herodotus, 63
115–16, 117, 120, 279,
Polybius, 209
281, 283
Xenophon, 140, 151, 284
in Timaeus, 199, 280
Semonides of Amorgos, poet, 13
in Xenophon, 129, 134, 136, 138,
Seneca the Younger, 241
140, 141–2, 145, 148, 151,
Shrimpton, G., 183
153, 155, 158
Simonides of Ceos, poet, 13–14
Stesichorus of Himera, poet, 13
Socrates, 161, 162, 167