FDR and, 38, 161, 171, 177, 195, 217, 338-9, 341-2
“iron curtain” speech of, 229
prime minister, wartime, 162, 167-9, 171, 172-3, 175, 177-8, 182, 195-9, 211, 222, 224, 495; at Casablanca, 195, 196; and India, 178, 208, 338-9; at Teheran, 195, 198-9; at Yalta, 159, 205-8
and United Nations, 178, 208
visits to US, 177-8, 195, 228-9
Church of Christ, 594
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 261-2, 277, 331-2, 343, 499, 501, 524
civil defense, 193, 333, 391
civil disobedience:
civil rights struggle, 352, 366, 367-8
peace movement, 391, 409-10, 421
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 25, 29, 34, 104, 191, 214
civil liberty, 131, 393
see also liberty
civil rights, 466, 538-9, 629, 657
Congress and, 321-3, 360, 365, 370-1, 375-8, 383
Eisenhower and, 322-3, 352, 359
as election issue: 1948 Democratic plank, 237; in 1952, 250; 1960 Democratic plank, 325, 359; in 1968, 415, 416
Johnson and, 322-3, 324, 375, 377-8, 381-2, 383-4
Kennedy and, 323-4, 326, 359-60, 362, 365-6, 367-72, 374-5, 376
Supreme Court decisions, 321-2, 347, 352, 365, 596, 651, 652, 653
Truman’s stand for, 236, 249, 321, 359
Civil Rights Act of 1957, 322, 376
Civil Rights Act of 1960, 323-4
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 375-8, 437, 651
civil rights movement, 401, 460-1
Big Six, 371
Black Power, 387-8, 398-401
leadership split, 386-8, 398-9
nonviolence, 352, 357, 363, 364, 366-8, 383, 400; abandoned, 386, 388, 398, 400
in North, 384, 385-6, 388, 397-401
and peace movement, 401, 408, 418
sexism in, 441-3
in South, 321-3, 347-72, 375-84, 386-8; Freedom Summer, 380, 384, 395; group-centered vs. charismatic leadership debate, 356-8, 364, 384, 388; vs. the Kennedy Administration, 359-72, 374-5; murders, 352, 372, 380, 382-3, 384; strategy debate on desegregation vs. pursuit of political clout, 321-2, 359, 363-4, 366, 371, 378-8.
Civil War, 175, 313, 646, 665
Civil Works Administration (CWA), 34
Clark, Bennett Champ, 83, 94, 155
Clark, Kenneth B., 369, 385, 571, 631
class relationships, 189, 443-5, 564, 600-1
conflict engendered by New Deal, 41-54
Clean Air Acts:
of 1963 and 1965, 389
of 1970, 466
Cleveland, Grover, 655, 657
Clifford, Clark, 411-12
Coburn, Charles, 136
Cocker, Joe, 427
Coffin, William Sloane, 513
Cohen, Ben, 45, 74
Cohen, Jacob, 127
Cohn, Nik, 428
Cohn, Roy, 251
Colby, Bainbridge, 122
cold war, 225-9, 232-4, 239, 253-4, 286, 288, 332-5, 340, 526-9, 536, 546
Berlin crises, 238, 239, 240, 261, 333
intellectual critics of US policies of, 288-94
newspaper reporting on, 282-3, 286
seeds of, 218, 220-2
Soviet and US mutual perceptions and misperceptions, 220-2, 227-8, 229, 233-4, 241-2, 254, 262, 301-2, 526-8
see also Afghanistan; arms race; Cuban missile crisis; détente; Korean War
Cole, Wayne S., 154
collective bargaining right, 33, 46-8, 70, 75, 90
colleges, 597-8, 622, 663
Collier’s magazine, 284
Collins, Judy, 407
Collins, Michael, 581
colonialism, 208, 218, 304-5, 338-9, 341-2, 470
Colson, Charles, 426, 499, 513
Columbia University, student unrest, 413-14
Cominform (Communist Information Bureau), 233
Comintern (Communist International), 52, 123
Commentary (journal), 627
Commission on the Status of Women, 433, 434, 438
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO), 79, 97, 99-100, 107
see also Congress of Industrial Organizations
Committee for Nonviolent Action (CNVA), 391-2, 407
Committee on Administrative Management, 115
Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, 370
Committee on the Constitutional System, 645
Committee to Reelect the President (CRP, CREEP), 500-1, 503
communism, communists, 220-1, 532, 538, 618
American, 42, 50, 51, 52-4, 79, 84-5, 123, 142, 165, 408, 603
American fears of, 45, 47, 48-9, 112, 220, 230-2, 243-6, 252, 254, 258-9, 266, 353, 401-4, 546; blacklisting, 231; see also anticommunism
American intellectuals and, 277
doctrinal disputes within, 336
FDR charged with, 43, 44-5, 81-2, 85, 112, 204-5
global: Soviet promotion of, 221, 227-8, 242; Soviet-Chinese split, 265, 469, 474, 476, 485-6, 488, 526-9
imputed to artists, actors, writers, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141-2, 231, 607
in North Korea, 240-1
in Poland, 206-7, 214, 224, 644
State Department charged with, 231-2, 243-5, 252
Third World, 305, 404; Cuba, 336;
Indochina, 342, 343, 401-4, 481-2
Communist Control Act, 258-9
Communist party, US, 52-3, 123, 243, 258-9
community action programs, 569, 570-1
computer-related crime, 515
computers, 543, 550-1
Conant, James B., 270, 549
conformity, 280, 285
in newspaper world, 282
Congress, US, 116, 126, 647
and civil rights measures, 321-3, 360, 365, 370-1, 375-8, 383
cross-party coalitions in, 87, 109, 119, 132, 191, 466, 638, 640, 645
and ERA, 439, 458
FDR and, after 1936, 93-6, 104-7, 108-11, 112-13, 116, 126, 132, 135, 191-2; in foreign affairs, 155-6, 158-9, 162, 210, 491, 494-5
and Great Society legislation, 389, 566
isolationism in, 154, 155-6, 158-9
and Marshall Plan, 233
and New Deal: arts programs killed, 132, 135, 138; First Hundred Days, 23, 24-7, 30; obstructionism and opposition, 104-5, 106, 108, 112-13, 135, 191, 215, 376; Second Hundred Days, 75-6
Reagan and, 633, 639-40, 642
seniority system, 116, 126, 321
special-interest pressures on, 107, 192, 642, 647-8
Tonkin Gulf Resolution of, 403-4
and World War II, 160, 167, 169-70
see also elections and campaigns: congressional; House of Representatives; Senate
Congress for Cultural Freedom, 277, 296
“congressional” parties, Democratic and Republican, 119, 126, 236
and civil rights legislation, 321-2, 376-8
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 107-8, 186-7, 603
see also AFL-CIO; Committee for Industrial Organization
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 189, 356, 361, 369, 371, 387-8, 394, 399
Congress to Unite Women, 450
Conkin, Paul, 127
Connally, John, 657
Connally, Thomas, 94
Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 367-9
consciousness-raising, 445, 454-6
conservation, 25, 26, 40, 76, 213, 214
conservatism, conservatives, 123, 540, 624-9, 652, 655, 667
agenda of, 627-9
anti-abortionism of, 448, 628
anticommunism of, 629
coalitions across party lines, 87, 109, 132, 191, 466, 638, 640
definition of freedom by, 42, 123, 667, 672
Democrats, 30, 42, 73, 108-9, 117-19, 191, 320; Reagan and, 638; Southern, 80, 112, 118-19, 236-7, 248-9, 250, 320, 466, 640
doctrinal factions, 627-9
economic views of, 42, 560, 562, 627
FDR denounced by, 41-5, 71
journals, think tanks, etc., 627, 630
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Nixon as disappointment to, 557, 625
populists, 626, 627-8, 629
Reagan as disappointment to, 642-4
Reagan as unifier of, 628-9, 636-8
Republicans, 42, 109, 119, 120, 466, 560, 636-8; anti-New Deal, 43, 83 (see also Republican party)
resurgence of, 462, 558, 624-6; and
capture of GOP, 636-8
views on crime, 516, 519
see also right wing
Constitution, US, 42, 88, 95, 115-16, 126, 277, 294, 507, 532-3, 633-4, 642, 645-50, 654-5, 665, 680
checks and balances problems, 42, 88, 115, 491, 632, 633, 645-9
interstate commerce clause, 73-4
majority rule vs. minority rights, 42, 88
progressive era democratization of, 646-7
reform proposals, 648, 649-50
see also Bill of Rights
Consumer Advisory Board, 33
consumer protection, 5, 33, 236
consumption trends, 184-5, 601, 668
containment policy, 239, 286-7, 290, 491, 496
Contras, 633, 644
Cook, Bruce, 427
Coolidge, Calvin, 20, 27, 71, 152, 328, 329, 466
Cooper, Gary, 231
Coordinating Committee for Fundamental American Freedoms, 377
Coors, Joseph, 637
Copland, Aaron, 593
Coral Sea, battle of, 179
Corbett, Jim, 307
Corcoran, Thomas G., 74
corporate taxes, 72, 191, 554, 558, 639
Corwin, Edward S., 92
Costigan, Edward Prentiss, 73
Coughlin, Fr. Charles E., 57-60, 63, 70, 73, 79, 80, 84, 85-6, 105
isolationism of, 154, 160, 169
Council on United Civil Rights Leadership, 371
counterculture of 1960s, 431-2
Country Joe and the Fish (rock group), 430-1
Court-packing plan, FDR, 93-6, 105, 118
Cousins, Norman, 392
Cowan, Ruth S., 551
Cowley, Malcolm, 299
Cox, Archibald, 505, 512
Cox, Edward E., 106
Cox, Harvey, 293
Cox, James, 24, 152
Cradle Will Rock, The (FTP production), 138-9
Crankshaw, Edward, 220
Crawford, Alan, 626
creationist theory, 667
credit, sex discrimination in, 439
Creel, George, 69, 195
crime, 514-17, 594
control, 466
poverty and, 516, 518, 568-9, 571
statistics, 516, 517
white-collar, 514-16, 517
criminal justice system, 517-20, 651, 653-4
Croly, Herbert, 122
Cronin, Thomas E., 510
Cronkite, Walter, 411
Crosby, Bing, 194
Crucible, The (Miller), 297, 300
Cuba, 330-1, 333, 336
Soviet military in, 333-4, 526, 527
US policy toward, 328, 331, 336; Bay of Pigs invasion, 331-2, 333, 336-7, 524
Cuban missile crisis, 333-5, 336, 337, 528
Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace (1949), 277
cultural programs of Roosevelt Administration, 132-41
Cummings, Homer S., 24, 90-2, 112
Cuomo, Mario, 662
Curley, James Michael, 311, 312
Currie, Lauchlin, 102
Curry, John Steuart, 138
Czechoslovakia, 149, 158, 159
Soviet control over, 233, 469, 527
Daily Worker, 52, 243, 252
Daley, Richard, 400, 414-15, 477
Dallek, Robert, 156, 217
Dallin, David, 260
Daniels, Josephus, 48, 329
Danto, Arthur, 623
Dark Ghetto (Clark), 385
Darlan, Jean, 181, 217
Darwin, Charles, 269
Daughters of the American Revolution, 113
Daughters of Bilitis, 450
Davis, Chester, 66
Davis, Elmer, 193
Davis, Jefferson, 384
Davis, John W., 43, 81
Davis, Kenneth S., 465
D-Day, World War II, 200
Dean, John, 499-504, 510
Death of a Salesman (Miller), 297, 300-1
de Beauvoir, Simone, 298, 444, 447, 454
Debray, Régis, 336
Debs, Eugene, 53, 631
Declaration of Independence, 277, 341, 665
Declaration of Rights of Man, 539, 540, 665
Declaration of the United Nations, 178
Deconstruction, 624
Deeter, Jasper, 136
Defense Mediation Board, 186
defense spending:
Eisenhower and, 255, 256, 262
Reagan increases in, 639, 640
deficit spending, see federal budget
de Gaulle, Charles, 195, 208, 217, 294, 332
Degler, Carl, 353
de Kooning, Willem, 135, 621, 622
Delano, Laura, 212
Delors, Jacques, 538
democracy, 88, 347-8, 600, 619, 645-7, 661
Lippmann’s pessimism, 289-90, 294
Democratic Advisory Committee (later Council, DAC), 287
Democratic Leadership Council, 659
Democratic National Committee, 29, 42, 80, 458, 499-500, 511
Democratic party, 116-18, 629, 632, 649, 655-60 (see also elections and campaigns)
centrists, 658-9, 662
congressional majorities of, 126; 1935-36, 37; 1937-38, 87; 1939-40,111; 1949-50, 238; 1951-52, 245; 1955-56, Senate, 320; 1965-66, 389-90; 1973-74, 461; 1981-82. House, 639
“congressional” vs. “presidential,” 119, 126, 236, 287; and civil rights legislation, 321-2, 376-8
conservative wing, 80, 112, 117-19, 191, 320, 466; and FDR’s New Deal, 30, 42, 73, 108-9, 112; Reagan and, 638
conventions of: 1924, 11-12; 1932, 3, 4-6, 10-12, 15, 42, 61; 1936, 83-4; 1940, 164; 1944, 203; 1948, 236-7; 1952, 249; 1956, 287-8; 1960, 325; 1964, 381-2; 1968, 414-15, 458; 1972, 458; minority representation in, 381-2, 648; two-thirds rule for nomination, 10-11, 83; women’s representation in, 458, 648
FDR as leader of, 108-11, 116-18, 666; his liberalization goal, 109-11, 118-20
fragmentation of, 426, 639-40; in civil rights issues, 236-7, 249, 250, 321-2; in New Deal era, 236-7, 247; in foreign policy of cold war, 236, 285-8; hawks vs. doves, 236, 285-6, 334, 404; in 1920s, 10-11; in 1932, 10-13, 15, 20; in 1930s New Deal era, 42-3, 64, 73, 79, 81-2, 106-7, 108-11, 116-19; in 1930s foreign policy, 154; in 1960, 323-6; in 1968, 412, 414-15
liberalism, 13, 15, 64, 73-4, 87, 109, 319, 320, 322, 324, 326, 359, 389-90, 414, 466, 629-30, 661-2; liberal-labor-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 632
midterm policy conference, 659
New Deal coalition of voters for, 80, 238, 656-7
1980s constituency search, 658-60, 661-2
overlap with Republican party, 119, 126, 320, 466
reconstruction of, 656-7, 670-1
Southern wing of, 11, 80, 112, 118-19, 320-2, 354, 360; and civil rights, 236-7, 248-9, 250, 321-2, 325, 354, 360, 365, 376-8; coalition with Republicans, 132, 191, 466, 640; defections of 1980s, 657
Dempsey, Jack, 609
Deng Xiaoping, 529
Denmark, Nazi invasion of, 161
Dennis, Eugene, 243
Denver school desegregation case, 653
Depression, Great, 18-19, 31, 52, 58, 313, 648
literature, 141-6
see also New Deal
destroyers-for-bases deal, 164
Derrida, Jacques, 624
détente, 265, 286, 287, 461, 488-9, 490-1, 496
Carter efforts, 528-9
Eisenhower attempts, 256-7, 259-62
Nixon years, 476-9, 485-7
Detroit, 292
Depression effects in, 58
race riots: of 1943, 189; of 1967, 574
school busing case, 653
Dewey, John, 121, 124-5, 135, 292, 593, 658
>
Dewey, Thomas, 111, 163, 190-1, 236, 246, 248
as presidential candidate: in 1944, 203-5, 237; in 1948, 236-8, 239, 286
Dewson, Molly, 29, 64, 83, 103, 434
Dialectic of Sex, The (Firestone), 445
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 342, 343-4, 419, 504
Dien Bien Phu, 342, 465
Dies, Martin, 112
Diggins, John P., 534
direct action:
civil rights movement, 356-8, 366, 371, 379
student movement, 396
women’s movement, 445-7, 449
Dirksen, Everett, 245, 248, 253, 320, 377, 499
disarmament, 392
see also arms control
discrimination:
“double,” against minority women, 189, 452
economic cost of, 385
outlawed, 378
“reverse,” 653
see also education; employment; public facilities and transport; racial discrimination; sex discrimination; voting rights
Divine, Robert A., 286
“Dixiecrats” (1948), 237, 238
Djilas, Milovan, 227
Dobrynin, Anatoly, 476, 485-6, 523
Doctorow, E. L., 615, 617
Dohrn, Bernadine, 421
dollar, 555-6, 557
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 54
Domenici, Pete, 640
Dominican Republic, 329-30, 404, 524, 527
domino theory, 232, 342
Doolittle, James, 179
Dos Passos, John, 12, 277, 298, 605
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 468
Douglas, Lewis, 28, 35, 37, 80
Douglas, Paul, 319-20
Douglas, William O., 112, 203, 227, 321, 667
Douglass, Frederick, 395, 399
Dow Chemical, 409, 421
Dowling, Eddie, 136
Dozier, Bishop Carroll T., 537
draft, 287, 461
Vietnam War: card-burning, 408, 410, 513; evasion, 420-1, 522
World War II, 165
Dred Scott decision, 652
Dreiser, Theodore, 299
Drew, Elizabeth, 487, 512
drug abuse, 466, 552, 569, 571, 594
and crime, 517
Dubinsky, David, 46, 54, 55-6, 84, 243
Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, 675
Duchamp, Marcel, 621, 623
Dukakis, Michael, 658, 659
Dulles, John Foster, 253-4, 255, 257, 259, 265, 286, 289, 342, 473, 643
Dunne, Edward F., 249
Dunne, Finley Peter, 54
Dunne, Ray, 47-8
Du Pont family and capitalism, 39, 42-3, 81, 98, 155, 592
Durant, William Crapo, 572
Durkheim, Emile, 275, 600
Duvalier, François, 330
Dworkin, Andrea, 535
Dylan, Bob, 421, 428-9, 671
Eagleton, Thomas, 458
“Eastern Establishment,” 246-8, 250, 522
Eastern Europe:
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