Eleanor and Franklin
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9. Interview with Laura Delano.
10. Interview with David Gray.
11. Stefan Lorant, F.D.R.: A Pictorial Biography (New York, 1950), p. 43.
12. Boston Globe, July 26, 1942.
16. THE WIFE OF A PUBLIC OFFICIAL
1. Helen Robinson, Diaries, in the possession of her daughters.
2. Grenville Clark, in the Harvard Alumni Bulletin, April 28, 1945.
3. Kleeman, Gracious Lady, cited (Ch. 11), p. 252.
4. Earle Looker, This Man Roosevelt (New York, 1932), p. 48.
5. Franklin D. Roosevelt, General Correspondence, in FDRL.
6. S. J. Woolf, “A Woman Speaks Her Political Mind,” New York Times Magazine, April 8, 1928.
7. For Beatrice Webb’s attitude toward suffrage, see her My Apprenticeship, cited (Ch. 8), p. 354; for her rejection of Joseph Chamberlain, see Kitty Muggeridge and Ruth Adam, Beatrice Webb: A Life, 1858–1943 (New York, 1968), pp. 92–93.
8. Kleeman, p. 253.
9. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), p. 167.
10. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Diaries, in FDRL.
11. Langdon P. Marvin, OHP.
12. Poughkeepsie Daily Eagle, May 30, 1911.
13. Knickerbocker News, July 7, 1920.
14. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Maude Waterbury, July 5, 1912.
15. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, pp. 192, 193, and Eleanor Roosevelt, This I Remember (New York, 1949), pp. 65, 66, hereafter referred to as TIR.
16. Interview with Margaret Cutter.
17. THE ROOSEVELTS GO TO WASHINGTON
1. Josephus Daniels, The Wilson Era (North Carolina, 1944), pp. 124–27.
2. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), p. 195.
3. Raleigh (North Carolina) News and Observer, May 27, 1913.
4. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Maude Waterbury, May 27, 1913.
5. Edith B. Helm, Captains and Kings (New York, 1954), p. 37.
6. For Eleanor Roosevelt’s account of climbing up the mast, see her TIMS, p. 207; for an officer’s account of the same incident, see Yates Stirling, Sea Duty (New York, 1939), pp. 142, 143.
7. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 205.
8. Daniels, p. 55.
9. New York Evening Post, March 19, 1913.
10. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Maude Waterbury, May 13, 1913.
11. Interview with Aileen Tone.
12. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 237.
13. Cecil Spring-Rice, The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, 2 vols. (Boston, 1929), I, p. 53, hereafter referred to as Letters.
14. Helm, p. 47.
15. Eleanor Roosevelt, in conversation with Trude Lash, March 28, 1944.
16. William Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy (privately printed, 1952), pp. 68, 69.
17. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 10, 1913.
18. Letter from Isabella Ferguson to Eleanor Roosevelt, 1914.
19. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 206.
18. BRINGING UP HER CHILDREN
1. E. Roosevelt, “Ethics of Parents,” cited (Ch. 6).
2. E. Roosevelt, TIR, cited (Ch. 16), Ch. II.
3. Parsons, Perchance Some Day, cited (Ch. 1), p. 249.
4. Eleanor Roosevelt, “My Children,” draft of an article written in 1934 or 1935.
5. James Roosevelt and Sidney Shalett, Affectionately, F.D.R. (New York, 1959), p. 38.
6. E. Roosevelt, “My children,” op. cit.
7. J. Roosevelt and Shalett, p. 83.
8. Ibid., p. 48.
9. E. Roosevelt, “I Remember Hyde Park,” cited (Ch. 10).
10. E. Roosevelt, “My Children,” op. cit.
11. J. Roosevelt and Shalett, pp. 39–42.
12. Interview with Anna Roosevelt Halsted.
13. Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy, cited (Ch. 17), p. 69.
19. THE APPROACH OF WAR
1. Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy, cited (Ch. 17), pp. 68–69.
2. Ibid., p. 70.
3. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 10, 1913.
4. Caroline Phillips, Journals, Aug. 10, 1914.
5. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Aug. 7, 1914.
6. Caroline Phillips, Journals, Aug. 10, 1914.
7. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, June 10, 1915.
8. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), p. 232.
9. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Aug. 22, 1915.
10. Daniels, The Wilson Era, cited (Ch. 17), p. 124.
11. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 241.
12. Freidel, The Apprenticeship, cited (Ch. 11), p. 267.
13. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Jan. 23, 1917.
14. Spring-Rice, Letters, cited (Ch. 17), II, p. 374.
15. Franklin K. Lane, The Letters of Franklin K. Lane (Boston, 1922), pp. 239–40.
16. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 245.
20. PRIVATE INTO PUBLIC PERSON
1. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, March 6, 1918.
2. F. J. Harriman, From Pinafore to Politics, cited (Ch. 3), p. 222.
3. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, May 10, 1917.
4. Freidel, The Apprenticeship, cited (Ch. 11), p. 315.
5. Interview with Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.
6. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), p. 250.
7. Ibid., p. 251.
8. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, March 14, 1918.
9. New York Times, July 16, 1917.
10. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 20, 1917.
11. Helm, Captains and Kings, cited (Ch. 17), p. 53.
12. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Jan. 22, 1918.
13. Ibid., May 12, 1918.
14. Ibid., Jan. 14, 1918.
15. Ibid., Oct., 1918.
16. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 262.
17. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Nov. 11, 1918.
18. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 252.
19. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, March 31, 1919.
20. Ibid., May 7, 1920.
21. Archibald MacLeish, The Eleanor Roosevelt Story (Boston, 1965), Intro.
21. TRIAL BY FIRE
1. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Joseph P. Lash, Oct. 25, 1943.
2. This chapter is based on the author’s conversations with Eleanor Roosevelt as well as on interviews with Anna Roosevelt Halsted, Corinne Cole, Alice Longworth, Aileen Tone, Margaret Cutter, Marion Dickerman, and David Gurewitsch. In addition, Jonathan Daniel’s The End of Innocence (Philadelphia, 1954) and Washington Quadrille: The Dance beside the Documents (New York, 1968) were very helpful.
3. Letter from Sara D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, March 24, 1915.
4. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., “F.D.R.’s ‘Secret Romance,’” Ladies’ Home Journal, Nov., 1968.
5. Letter from Walter Camp to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 25, 1917.
6. Arthur C. Murray, At Close Quarters (London, 1946), p. 85.
7. Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy, cited (Ch. 17), p. 68.
8. Letter from Adm. Cowles to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Aug. 18, 1917.
9. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, April 24, 1918.
10. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 24, 1918.
11. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, July 18, 1918.
12. Letters from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt: July 19, 1917—“I hope you continue to lunch and dine out”; Oct. 29, 1917—“I hope you enjoy Mrs. Marshall Field tonight”; June 18, 1918—“I’m so glad you dined with Alice and I hope you go out somewhere on Sunday.”
13. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, “Thursday” (1916).
14. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Aug. 17, 1916.
15. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt
to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 16, 1917.
16. Ibid., July 23, 1917.
17. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 27, 1917.
18. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 26, 1917.
19. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 28, 1917.
20. Ibid., Aug. 15, 1917.
21. Letter from Lucy Mercer to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 2, 1917; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Sept. 8, 1917.
22. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 9, 1917.
23. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, March 18, 1918.
24. Interview with Alice Longworth.
25. Henry Brandon, “A Talk with an 83-Year-Old Enfant-Terrible,” New York Times Magazine, Aug. 6, 1967.
26. Eleanor Roosevelt, in conversation with the author.
27. Daniels, Washington Quadrille, p. 145.
28. Brandon, op. cit.
22. RECONCILIATION AND A TRIP ABROAD
1. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Nov. 19, 1918.
2. Letter from Eleanor and Franklin D. Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Nov. 25, 1918.
3. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Nov. 19, 1918.
4. Ibid., Oct. 23, 1918.
5. Ibid., Nov. 19, 1918.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., Dec. 2, 1918.
8. Ibid., Dec. 16, 1918.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., Nov. 26, 1918.
11. Caroline Phillips, Diaries, Dec. 5, 1918.
12. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Nov. 11, 1918; E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), p. 290.
13. For this account of Eleanor Roosevelt’s trip abroad, I have made use of her diary, her letters to Sara D. Roosevelt, and the diary of Livingston Davis, in FDRL.
14. Helm, Captains and Kings, cited (Ch. 17), p. 135.
15. Interview with Sheffield Cowles, Jr.
16. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, March 4, 1919.
17. Ibid., Oct. 10, 1919.
18. Alice R. Longworth, Crowded Hours (New York, 1933), p. 292.
19. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Feb. 16, 1920.
20. Ibid., Feb. 27, 1920.
21. Letters from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Oct. 22 and 23, 1919.
22. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Oct. 28, 1919; E. Roosevelt, TIMS, p. 304.
23. THE REBELLION BEGINS
1. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, Oct. 5, 1919.
2. “The Wisdom of Eleanor Roosevelt,” McCall’s, p. 111.
3. Mrs. Roosevelt spoke to the author about the meaning of the Saint-Gaudens statue to her when she took him on New Year’s Day, 1941, to Rock Creek Cemetery to see it; see also Lorena Hickok, Reluctant First Lady (New York, 1962), pp. 91–92.
4. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Trude Lash, June, 1941.
5. Livingston Davis, Diary, cited (Ch. 22), Feb. 9, 1919.
6. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Trude Lash, June, 1941.
7. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Pauline Emmet, Jan. 11, 1939.
8. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Jan. 21, 1917.
9. Ibid., March 24, 1919.
10. Ibid., March 4, 1919.
11. Ibid., March 13, 1919.
12. Ibid., summer, 1919.
13. Ibid., March 24, 1919.
14. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 22, 1919.
15. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 23, 1919.
16. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 24, 1919.
17. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 25, 1919.
18. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, June 3, 1919.
19. Ibid., May 11, 1919.
20. Ibid., May 13, 1919.
21. Ibid., Nov. 25, 1918.
22. Ibid., June 2, 1918.
23. Ibid., Aug. 18, 1919.
24. Ibid., Nov. 8, 1918.
25. Interview with Mrs Van Wyck Brooks.
26. Interview with Margaret Cutter.
27. Interview with Corinne Cole.
28. Interview with Anna Roosevelt Halsted.
29. Interview with James Roosevelt.
30. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Sept. 8, 1919.
31. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Sept. 28, 1919.
32. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, Oct. 29, 1919.
33. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, May 4, 1919.
34. Ibid., Oct. 20, 1919.
35. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order: 1919–1933, vol. I of The Age of Roosevelt, 3 vols. (Boston, 1957), p. 369.
36. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Jan. 30, 1920.
37. Ibid., spring, 1919.
38. For Eleanor Roosevelt’s account of this incident, see You Learn by Living, cited (Ch. 7), pp. 80–81; interview with Alice Longworth, in Jean Vanden Heuvel, “The Sharpest Wit in Washington,” Saturday Evening Post, Dec. 4, 1965.
39. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, April 19, 1919.
40. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, “May,” 1919.
41. Ibid., July 23, 1919.
42. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 23, 1919.
43. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, Oct. 3, 1919.
44. Ibid., Oct. 5, 1919.
45. Ibid.
46. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Aug. 19, 1919.
47. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), pp. 259–60.
24. A CAMPAIGN AND FRIENDSHIP WITH LOUIS HOWE
1. Letter from Alice Wadsworth to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 25, 1920.
2. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 3, 1920.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., July 5, 1920.
5. Ibid., July 7, 1920.
6. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, July 7, 1920.
7. New York World, July 7, 1920; New York Times, July 10, 1920.
8. New York World, July 8, 1920.
9. New York Evening Post, July 8, 1920.
10. Letter from Sara D. Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 8, 1920.
11. New York Time, July 13, 1920.
12. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, July 7, 1920.
13. Poughkeepsie Eagle News, July 16, 1920.
14. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 17, 1920.
15. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 19, 1920.
16. Bangor Daily News, July 25, 1920.
17. Frank Freidel, The Ordeal, vol II of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 3 vols. (Boston, 1954), p. 76.
18. Kleeman, Gracious Lady, cited (Ch. 11), p. 262.
19. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 15, 1920.
20. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, “Thursday evening” (1920).
21. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Aug. 27, 1920.
22. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Sept. 29, 1920.
23. Ibid., Sept. 30, 1920.
24. Ibid., Oct. 2, 1920.
25. Ibid., Oct. 3, 1920.
26. Ibid., Oct. 5, 1920.
27. Ibid., Oct. 17, 1920.
28. Ibid., Oct. 19, 1920.
29. Harold Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold Ickes (New York, 1953), I, p. 699, hereafter referred to as Secret Diary.
30. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Nov. 29, 1920.
31. Corinne Cole’s observation, during an interview.
25. BAPTISM IN POLITICS
1. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. McFadden, Sept. 16, 1930.
2. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dec. 3, 1920.
4. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, May 18, 1921.
5. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Esther Lape, Dec. 13, 1921.
6. Interview with Esther Lape.
7. League of Women Voters Minute Books for 1921, 1922, and 1923, inspected at Barnard College and the offices of the league.
8. New York Times, Jan. 27, 28, and 29, 1921.
9. League of Women Voters Minute Books, Feb. 8, 1921.
10. Ibid., April 19, 1921.
11. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, April 11, 1921.
12. Eleanor Roosevelt, speech at the League of Women Voters Biennial Convention, May 1, 1940.
13. New York Times, April 13, 1921.
14. Poughkeepsie Eagle News, May 24, 1921.
15. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, May 24, 1921.
16. Ibid., May 18, 1921.
17. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, April 11, 1921.
26. THE TEMPERING—POLIO
1. Eleanor Roosevelt, Diary, May 24, 1921.
2. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 21, 1921.
3. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 22, 1921.
4. Ibid., July 18, 1921.
5. Letter from Sara D. Roosevelt to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 20, 1921.
6. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 20, 1921.
7. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, July 25, 1921.
8. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 25, 1921.
9. Letter from Grace Howe to Mary Howe, Aug. 7, 1921; quoted in Alfred B. Rollins, Roosevelt and Howe (New York, 1962), p. 179.
10. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Sara D. Roosevelt, Aug. 4, 1921.
11. Letter from Dr. William W. Keen to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 26, 1921.
12. Ibid., Aug. 30, 1921.
13. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to James Roosevelt Roosevelt, Aug. 23, 1921.
14. E. Roosevelt, TIMS, cited (Ch. 2), p. 332.
15. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Endicott Peabody, Aug. 28, 1921. The origin al of this letter is in the Houghton Library, Cambridge, Mass.
16. Letter from Louis Howe to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Sept. 1, 1921.
17. Letter from Sara D. Roosevelt to Dora Forbes, Sept. 3, 1921.
18. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Langdon Marvin, Sept. 3, 1921.
19. Letter from Louis Howe to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Sept. 1 1921.
20. Letter from Capt. Calder to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 18, 1921.
21. Dr. George Draper and Dr. Robert W. Lovett, quoted in John Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect (New York, 1950), pp. 225–26.