Eleanor and Franklin
Page 120
9. New York Herald Tribune, Oct. 28, 1932.
10. Hickok, Reluctant First Lady, cited (Ch. 23), Ch. I.
11. Ibid.
12. Springfield Union, Dec. 22, 1932.
13. “Ike” H. Hoover, Forty-two Years in the White House (New York, 1934), p. 226.
14. Nashville Tennessean, Feb. 15, 1933.
15. Heywood Broun, in the New York World-Telegram, Feb., 1933.
16. New York Evening Post, Feb. 4, 1933.
17. Baltimore Evening Sun, Feb., 1933.
18. Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, cited (Ch. 27), p. 69.
19. New York Times, Jan. 22, 1933.
20. Ibid., Feb. 15, 1933.
21. E. Roosevelt, TIR, p. 76.
22. Hickok, p. 92.
35. MRS. ROOSEVELT CONQUERS WASHINGTON
1. Quoted in William E. Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932–1940 (New York, 1963), p. 39.
2. Eleanor Roosevelt, “What Religion Means to Me,” the Forum, Dec., 1932.
3. E. Roosevelt, TIR, cited (Ch. 16), p. 78.
4. Hickok, Reluctant First Lady, cited (Ch. 23), pp. 104, 105.
5. Sullivan, Our Times, cited (Ch. 9), II, p. 399.
6. Bess Furman, Washington By-Line (New York, 1949), p. 151.
7. Ibid., pp. 133, 134; see also pp. 46–61.
8. Ibid., p. 153; May Craig, in the Portland Press Herald, April 27, 1933.
9. New York Times, April 4, 1933.
10. Interview with Emma Bugbee.
11. Washington Star, March 30, 1933.
12. Furman, p. 194.
13. New York Herald Tribune, April 25, 1933.
14. Interview with Emma Bugbee.
15. Letter from Martha Strayer to Eleanor Roosevelt, undated.
16. Ibid.
17. New York Times, April 24, 1933; the New York Herald Tribune, April 24, 1933.
18. Letter from Helen Wilmerding to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 14, 1933, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s reply, June 23, 1933.
19. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Feb. 15, 1933.
20. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Herman Milgrim, Sept. 28, 1933, and Milgrim’s reply, Oct. 9, 1933.
21. New York Herald Tribune, March 20, 1933.
22. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Archibald Hopkins, May 19, 1933.
23. Rollins, Roosevelt and Howe, cited (Ch. 26), pp. 291, 386–88.
24. Letter from Josephus Daniels to Eleanor Roosevelt, May 26, 1933.
25. New York Times, March 16, 1933.
26. Letter from Amelia Earhart to Eleanor Roosevelt, Nov. 20, 1933; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Amelia Earhart, Dec. 4, 1933.
27. Letter from Amon G. Carter to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 25, 1933, enclosing an editorial from the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, “All American Woman.”
28. Will Rogers, letter to the New York Times, June 7, 1933.
29. Parsons, Perchance Some Day, cited (Ch. 1), p. 340.
30. New York Herald Tribune, April 24, 1933.
31. Eleanor Roosevelt, article for the North American Newspaper Alliance, April 1, 1933; Hickok, p. 105.
32. Eleanor Roosevelt, article for the North American Newspaper Alliance, April 28, 1933.
33. New York Times, March 14, 1933.
34. Ibid., April 13, 1933.
35. Eleanor Roosevelt, radio broadcast, March 15, 1935.
36. Letter from Merritt Bond to Eleanor Roosevelt, April 8, 1933.
37. New York Times, March 20, 1933.
38. Letter from Marvin McIntyre to Eleanor Roosevelt, Dec. 26, 1933.
39. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Aron Mathieu, May 9, 1933.
40. Mary Beard, review of Eleanor Roosevelt’s It’s Up to the Women (New York, 1933; hereafter referred to as IUTTW), in the New York Herald Tribune Books, Nov. 14, 1933.
41. Eleanor Roosevelt, radio broadcast, 1934.
42. Eleanor Roosevelt, speech, Massena, New York, May 5, 1933.
43. Eleanor Roosevelt, radio broadcast, 1934.
44. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Ruth Morgan, Dec. 4, 1933.
45. Furman, p. 167.
46. Letter from Mrs. John Nance Garner to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 8, 1933, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s reply, Oct. 7, 1933.
47. Interview with Mrs. Amyas Ames.
48. E. Roosevelt, TIR, pp. 350–51.
49. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. F. Hirst, Nov. 7, 1933.
50. Washington (D.C.) Herald, April 5, 1933.
36. THE POLITICS OF CONSCIENCE
1. E. Roosevelt, IUTTW, cited (Ch. 35).
2. Ibid., p. 204.
3. Ibid., p. 174.
4. Ibid., pp. 246, 247.
5. Mary Beard, in the New York Herald Tribune Books, cited (Ch. 35).
6. E. Roosevelt, IUTTW, p. 260.
7. Eleanor Roosevelt, speech, Baltimore, Oct. 13, 1933, and speech to the Affiliated Schools for Workers, Oct. 24, 1933.
8. Eleanor Roosevelt, “What I Hope to Leave behind Me,” Pictorial Review, April, 1933.
9. Eleanor Roosevelt, undated speech drafted in late 1932 or early 1933.
10. E. Roosevelt, “What I Hope to Leave behind Me,” op. cit.
11. Eleanor Roosevelt, in the Democratic News, Dec., 1932.
12. E. Roosevelt, speech, Baltimore, Oct. 13, 1933.
13. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York, Modern Library, 1902), p. 257.
14. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Eliza Keates Young, Oct. 17, 1933. On Eleanor Roosevelt’s help to consumer groups, see also her letter to Elinor Herrick, Aug. 30, 1933; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Hugh Johnson, Jan. 17, 1934; letter from Mary Rumsey to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 30, 1934; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Louis Howe, Dec. 13, 1933. On her role in starting the food-stamp plan, see Pearson and Allen, “Washington Merry-Go-Round-of-the-Air.” Nov. 26, 1935; Emma Bugbee, in the New York Herald Tribune, March 1, 1936; Kathleen McLaughlin, in the New York Times, July 5, 1936.
15. Ruby Black, in Editor and Publisher, Feb. 10, 1934.
16. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Eliza Keates Young, Oct. 17, 1933.
17. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Lady Florence Willert, Dec. 4, 1933.
18. New York Times, Nov. 9, 1933; International News Service, Nov. 10, 1933.
19. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to David Gaines, Nov. 15, 1933.
20. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Alderman, Dec. 5, 1933.
21. New York Times, Oct. 13, 1933.
22. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mr. Roberts, Oct. 31, 1933.
23. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Izetta Jewel Miller, May 18, 1934; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Martin, Oct. 9, 1934.
24. A distinction drawn by Northrup Frye in “Varieties of Literary Utopias,” Utopias and Utopian Thought, ed. Frank E. Manuel (Boston, 1967), p. 31.
25. Letter from Upton Sinclair to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 21, 1933.
26. Ibid., Oct. 31, 1933.
27. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Upton Sinclair, Jan. 26, 1934.
28. Letter from Molly Dewson to Eleanor Roosevelt, April 27, 1933.
29. Ruby Black, in Editor and Publisher, Feb. 10, 1934.
30. Furman, Washington By-Line, cited (Ch. 35), p. 230.
31. Letter from Judge Florence E. Allen to Eleanor Roosevelt, May 1, 1933.
32. Letter from Molly Dewson to Eleanor Roosevelt, April 29, 1933.
33. Cordell Hull, Memoirs, 2 vols. (New York, 1948), p. 183.
34. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Harold L. Ickes, Dec. 13, 1933, and Ickes’ reply, Dec. 18, 1933.
35. E. Roosevelt, IUTTW, p. 213.
36. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to James Farley, undated.
37. E. Roosevelt, IUTTW, p. 199.
38. Eleanor Roosevelt, speech, March 24, 1933.
39. E. Roosevelt, IUTTW, p. 200.
40. Louis Howe, draft of an article, “Women’s Ways in Politics,” Woman’s Home Companion, July, 1935.
41. Malvina Thompson Scheider, in conversation with the author.
42. Eleanor Roosevelt, radio broadcast, Sept. 5, 1934.
43. Letter from Carrie Chapman Catt to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 15, 1933.
44. E. Roosevelt, IUTTW, pp. 204 and 178 respectively.
45. S. J. Woolf, in the New York Times, May 24, 1939.
46. James, pp. 349–50.
37. MRS. ROOSEVELT’S “BABY”—ARTHURDALE
1. Hickok, Reluctant First Lady, cited (Ch. 23), p. 136.
2. Lorena Hickok, reports to Harry Hopkins, in FDRL.
3. Letter from Alice Davis to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug., 1933.
4. Letters from Eleanor Roosevelt to Alice Davis, Aug. 24, 1933, and Nov. 7, 1933.
5. Title II, Sect. 208, National Industrial Recovery Act.
6. New York Times, Jan. 23, 1930.
7. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to George Norris, April 17, 1933.
8. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Coming of the New Deal, vol. II of The Age of Roosevelt, 3 vols. (Boston, 1959), p. 365, and M. L. Wilson, Memoir, OHP.
9. New York Times, Nov. 3, 1933.
10. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Harold L. Ickes, undated, but probably Aug. 23, 1933.
11. Letter from Harold L. Ickes to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 25, 1933.
12. Wilson, OHP.
13. Ibid.; letter from Leonard Elmhirst to Joseph P. Lash, Nov. 18, 1968.
14. Wilson, OHP; Paul R. Conkin, Tomorrow a New World (Ithaca, N.Y., 1959), p. 102.
15. Wilson, OHP.
16. Letter from Clarence Pickett to Elizabeth Marsh, Aug. 24, 1933, cited by Holly Cowan, “Arthurdale,” master’s thesis submitted to Columbia University History Dept., 1968.
17. Louis Howe, WNBC broadcast, Aug. 20, 1933.
18. Clarence Pickett, For More Than Bread (New York, 1953), p. 44.
19. Wilson, OHP.
20. Letter from Alice Davis to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 14, 1933.
21. Pickett, p. 46.
22. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to M. L. Wilson, Nov. 17, 1933.
23. Letter from Dorothy Elmhirst to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 20, 1933.
24. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Henry Goddard Leach, Nov. 20, 1933.
25. Letter from Upton Sinclair to Eleanor Roosevelt, Jan. 31, 1934, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s reply, Feb. 6, 1934.
26. New York Times, Feb. 21, 1934.
27. Roosevelt File, Jan. 20, 1934; letter from Silliman Evans to Kenneth Mckellar, Feb. 17, 1934.
28. Eleanor Roosevelt, statement to the press, April 24, 1934.
29. Letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, May 2, 1934.
30. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Bernard Baruch, June 13, 1934.
31. Ickes, Secret Diary, cited (Ch. 24), I, p. 335; Conkin, p. 206.
32. Eleanor Roosevelt, speech, undated, Group XXXVI, Roosevelt papers; Pickett, p. 44.
33. New York Times, July 29, 1934.
34. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Bernard Baruch, June 13, 1934.
35. Letter from Louis Howe to Charles F. Pynchon, July 24, 1934, and Pynchon’s reply, July 26, 1934.
36. New York Times, Oct. 13, 1933.
37. Wilson, OHP.
38. Ibid.
39. Associated Press, Jan. 23, 1935.
40. Wilson, OHP.
41. Conkin, p. 121.
42. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 14, 1934.
43. Ickes, I, p. 162.
44. Ibid., p. 152.
45. Wesley Stout, “The New Homesteaders,” Saturday Evening Post, Aug. 4, 1934.
46. Letter from Martha Strayer to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 20, 1934.
47. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Martha Strayer, Aug. 27, 1934.
48. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Harold L. Ickes, Sept. 8, 1934.
49. Harold M. Ware and Webster Powell, “Planning for Permanent Poverty,” Harper’s, April, 1935.
50. Ickes, I, p. 207.
51. Ibid., pp. 218–19.
52. Ibid., p. 227.
53. Will Alexander, OHP; Conkin, p. 171.
54. Letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, Dec. 4, 1934.
55. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Bernard Baruch, July 14, 1934.
56. Letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, Dec. 6, 1934.
57. Ibid., Jan. 28, 1935.
58. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Lady Florence Willert, April 28, 1934.
59. Letter from Alice Davis to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 15, 1934.
60. Elsie Clapp, Community Schools in Action (New York, 1939) and The Use of Resources in Education (New York, 1952); E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” cited (Ch. 8), Aug. 2, 1937.
61. Letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, April 20, 1935.
62. Letter from Clarence Pickett to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 21, 1934.
63. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Harold L. Ickes, June 13, 1934.
64. Ickes, I, pp. 248–60; ibid., p. 285.
65. This episode is described by Tugwell, OHP memoir.
66. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Rexford Tugwell, May 3, 1934.
67. Ibid., June 3, 1935, and Tugwell’s reply, June 3, 1935.
68. Rexford G. Tugwell, Minutes of the conference at Buck Hills Falls.
69. Associated Press, July 2, 1935.
70. Letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 24, 1935.
71. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Rexford Tugwell, July 8, 1935.
72. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Elsie Clapp, July 8, 1935.
73. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Rexford Tugwell, Aug. 3, 1935.
74. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Elsie Clapp, Aug. 9, 1935.
75. Letter from Clarence Pickett to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 26, 1935.
76. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Elsie Clapp, Aug. 23, 1935.
77. Letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 24, 1935, Jan. 27, 1936, and April 6, 1936.
78. Eleanor Roosevelt, speech to the Women’s National Democratic Club, Jan. 24, 1936; Schlesinger, Jr., The Coming of the New Deal, pp. 371–72.
79. Steinberg, Mrs. R.: The Life of Eleanor Roosevelt, cited (Ch. 14), p. 210.
80. Rexford G. Tugwell, Foreword to E. C. Banfield, Government Project (Glencoe, Ill., 1951), p. 12.
81. “Diary of a Homesteader’s Wife,” Liberty, Jan. 2, 1937; letter from Bernard Baruch to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 22, 1936.
82. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Bernard Baruch, July 12, 1936.
83. Ibid.
84. Letter from Raymond Kenny to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 8, 1940; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Maj. Dillon, June 15, 1940; letter from James Rowe to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 31, 1940.
85. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Bernard Baruch, July 12, 1936.
86. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Marshall, May 25, 1938; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Maj. Walker, July 5, 1938.
87. Letter from Pa Watson to Malvina Thompson Scheider, March 26, 1935.
88. Lash Diaries, May 27, 1940.
89. David E. Lilienthal, The Journals of David E. Lilienthal (New York, 1964), I, p. 236.
90. Conkin, p. 167.
91. F. D. Roosevelt, Public Papers, cited (Ch. 13), 1938, p. 356.
92. E. Roosevelt, TIR, cited (Ch. 16), p. 133.
93. “Eden Liquidated,” Business Week, July 27, 1946.
94. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to C. D. Beebe, Sept. 5, 1934.
38. PUBLICIST FOR THE NEW DEAL—COLUMNIST AND LECTURER
1. Eleanor Roosevelt, speeches and articles, 1934.
2. President’s Personal File 2, Sept. and Oct., 1934.
3. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to L. Denison, Nov. 2, 1934.
4. New York Times, May 21 and 14, 1934, respectively.
5. Radio Guide, Nov., 1935; “First Lady of the Land Is First Lady of Radio,” NBC Feature Service, 1939.
6. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Clarence Pickett, March 4, 1937.
7. E. R
oosevelt, “My Day,” cited (Ch. 8), July 15, 1937.
8. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Granville B. Jacobs, Aug. 13, 1937.
9. Eleanor Roosevelt, DAR speech, April 21, 1934.
10. Letter from Dorothy Canfield Fisher to Eleanor Roosevelt, April 23, 1934.
11. Eleanor Roosevelt, Alderson speech, May 28, 1934.
12. Letter from Mary Harris to Eleanor Roosevelt, May 31, 1934.
13. Letter from Frank P. Graham to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 17, 1935; Negro woman, quoted in St. Louis Globe Democrat, Nov. 5, 1939.
14. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” March 10, 1936; report to W. Colston Leigh in Eleanor Roosevelt file, March 14, 1936.
15. Virginia James, article in Omaha morning newspaper, undated.
16. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Bess Furman, March 29, 1937; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Nov. 10, 1937; Associated Press, March 22, 1937.
17. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Nov. 10, 1936, and letter from T. P. Carpenter to Eleanor Roosevelt, Nov. 19, 1936.
18. The Frenchman’s remark quoted by June Rhodes to Eleanor Roosevelt, Nov. 4, 1935; Eleanor Roosevelt chosen as best-dressed woman, Dec. 28, 1934; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Lily Loscher, Sept. 16, 1939.
19. Letter from Elizabeth von Hesse to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug., 1937; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Elizabeth von Hesse, Feb. 1, 1938, and Elizabeth von Hesse’s reply, Feb. 4, 1938.
20. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Elizabeth von Hesse, Oct. 25, 1938.
21. Letter from Elizabeth von Hesse to Eleanor Roosevelt, Nov. 18, 1939; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Elizabeth von Hesse, April 10, 1939.
22. Letter from Leon Pearson to Eleanor Roosevelt, Dec. 3, 1938, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s reply, Dec. 13, 1938.
23. Associated Press, Sept. 27, 1938.
24. Margaret Marshall, “Columnists on Parade,” Nation, Feb. 26, 1938.
25. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Dec. 31, 1935.
26. Ibid., April 30, 1936, May 7, 20, and 10, 1936, July 27, 1936, and March 5, 1937.
27. Ibid., Jan. 7, 1936.
28. Anne O’Hare McCormick, in the New York Times, Oct. 16, 1938.
29. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Frank, June 15, 1939, and to Mrs. Auer, Feb. 3, 1937.
30. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Aug. 31, 1936; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Flora Rose, Feb. 13, 1937; E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Dec. 19, 1937, and March 10, 1937.
31. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Sept. 21, 1936.
32. Letter from George Carlin to Malvina Thompson Scheider, Sept. 17, 1936.